CN105978302B - A kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuit - Google Patents

A kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105978302B
CN105978302B CN201610435469.7A CN201610435469A CN105978302B CN 105978302 B CN105978302 B CN 105978302B CN 201610435469 A CN201610435469 A CN 201610435469A CN 105978302 B CN105978302 B CN 105978302B
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circuit
resistance
capacitor
delay
output
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CN105978302A (en
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尹华
柴汉冬
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CETC 24 Research Institute
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CETC 24 Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H02M1/385—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches with means for correcting output voltage deviations introduced by the dead time

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuits, comprising: delay circuit A, input terminal are directly connected with external PWM controller output signal；Driving circuit A, input terminal are directly connected with the output of delay circuit A, and output end is connected with load；Isolation circuit, input inlet side are directly connected with external PWM controller feeder ear, and input outlet is directly connected with external PWM controller output end；Delay circuit B, input terminal are directly connected with isolation circuit output signal；Driving circuit B, input terminal are directly connected with the output of delay circuit B, and output end is connected with load.The present invention passes through the cooperation of two delay unit delay parameters, realizes synchronous rectification Power MOSFET, improves the consistency of parameter, reduces the starting no-load current of circuit, be conducive to provide the reliability of start-up circuit.

Description

A kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of switch power more particularly to a kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuits, it directly applies to control Make the field of switch power of two or more active switch.
Background technique
Currently, Switching Power Supply is widely applied to every field, it is desirable that the reliability of Switching Power Supply is higher and higher, and volume is more next It is smaller.Switching Power Supply miniaturization necessarily increases thermal design difficulty, and radiate the bad reliability that can seriously affect Switching Power Supply, solves The Major Technology of above-mentioned problem first is that improve Switching Power Supply transfer efficiency, reduce Switching Power Supply itself calorific value, Switching Power Supply thermal design difficulty is reduced from source, guarantees that circuit stability reliably works.Currently, improving the key of transfer efficiency Technology is to be realized whole using synchronous rectification, the active technologies such as clamped for example, substituting traditional diode with power MOS pipe Flow function.In the case where High-current output, synchronous rectification is obviously improved than diode rectification technical efficiency.
Multiple active switch needs of work work orderly according to certain timing, in use, between each switch Common is the problem that must be solved.For example, replacing diode rectification using power MOS pipe, need to design corresponding synchronization Rectifier control circuit guarantees that each switch is according to certain sequential working inside circuit.Synchronous rectification is according to the driving side of metal-oxide-semiconductor Formula can be divided into his drive formula and self-driving type.Self-driving type synchronous rectification is as shown in Figure 1, working principle is directly acquired from transformer Driving signal drives secondary commutation metal-oxide-semiconductor, number of elements needed for the circuit of self-device synchronous rectification is less, structure is simple, at This cheap advantage, shortcoming is that dead time is unable to control, and common short circuit may be generated during switching, is dropped Poor efficiency impacts the reliability of circuit when serious, while driving voltage size is unable to control, and use scope is limited System.
Working principle with self-driving type synchronous rectification is made by the turn-on time of external circuit control secondary metal-oxide-semiconductor The driving signal that the driving signal and main switch of synchronous rectifier obtain keeps certain dead time, avoids two switching tubes same When enter on state, guarantee that circuit stability reliably works, the length of dead time directly affects the conversion effect of Switching Power Supply Rate；The major defect that he drives formula synchronous rectification is that the element that circuit structure is relative complex, used is more, at high cost.
Patent document 1 " secondary synchronous rectification circuit for stablizing voltage source for flyback switching " (CN2540657Y), such as Shown in Fig. 2.The circuit is designed mainly for secondary synchronous rectification circuit, when being mainly characterized by through additional driving circuit and driving Shift circuit solves the problems, such as that self-powered is likely to occur common, and its advantages are worked using magnetic device and driving circuit one, mentions High circuit efficiency, shortcoming are that magnetic device parameter discrete is big, and transformer winding parameter consistency is poor, when batch production pair Meet dead time coherence request；Meanwhile being realized and being delayed using IC regime, it will significantly in hydrid integrated circuit Increase the cost of circuit.
Summary of the invention
In consideration of it, the present invention provides a kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuit.The present invention is to be transformed to a pulse signal The pulse signal of one isolation, and the dead time of two pulse signals is configured, it is opened up with meeting different capacity transformation Requirement of the structure to pulse signal timing is flutterred, solves the problems, such as common existing for self-driving type, and improves transfer efficiency.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuit, including
Delay circuit A, input terminal are directly connected with external PWM controller output signal；
Driving circuit A, input terminal are directly connected with the output of delay circuit A, and output end is connected with load；
Isolation circuit, input inlet side be directly connected with external PWM controller feeder ear, input outlet directly with outside PWM controller output end is connected；
Delay circuit B, input terminal are directly connected with isolation circuit output signal；
Driving circuit B, input terminal are directly connected with the output of delay circuit B, and output end is connected with load.
Further, the delay circuit A includes transistor M1, resistance R1, resistance R2With capacitor C1；The driving circuit A packet Include integrated circuit U2_A；The isolation circuit includes resistance R3, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, pulse transformer T1With diode D1；It is described Delay circuit B includes transistor M2, resistance R4, resistance R5With capacitor C4；The driving circuit B includes integrated circuit U2_B；Wherein, Resistance R1One end and C1One end be connected respectively with the output end of PWM controller, transistor M1Drain electrode and integrated circuit U2_A Input terminal respectively with resistance R1The other end be connected, capacitor C1The other end and resistance R2One end respectively with transistor M1's Grid is connected, R2The other end and M1Source electrode ground connection；U2_AOutput terminating load；Resistance R3With capacitor C2Series connection, series connection branch The one end on road connects the feeder ear of PWM controller, another termination pulse transformer T of series arm1Primary Same Name of Ends, pulse become Depressor T1The output end of primary another termination PWM controller, pulse transformer T1Secondary termination capacitor C of the same name3One end, Capacitor C3The other end connect respectively with one end of one end of resistance R4, capacitor C4, capacitor C4The other end respectively with transistor M2 Grid, resistance R5One end is connected, transistor M2Drain electrode respectively with the other end of resistance R4, integrated circuit U2_BInput terminal phase Even, integrated circuit U2_BOutput terminating load, pulse transformer T1The secondary other end respectively with diode D1Anode, crystal Pipe M2Source electrode, resistance R5One end connection.
Due to using above technical scheme, the present invention has following advantageous effects:
By adopting the above technical scheme, so that the PWM controller of single-ended applications is can be used as synchronous rectification application, improve circuit Transfer efficiency.By the cooperation of two delay unit delay parameters, synchronous rectification Power MOSFET is realized, parameter is improved Consistency, reduce the starting no-load current of circuit, be conducive to provide the reliability of start-up circuit.
Compared with traditional circuit of synchronous rectification, pwm pulse sequential control circuit of the invention has following characteristics:
1, the two pulse signals of reverse complement are realized using less component.Traditional pwm signal generative circuit one As by the way of digital inverse or simulation reverse phase, need to increase element, and the technical program utilizes PWM controller output end With the relationship of feeder ear, realizes output signal reverse phase, do not need additionally to increase element.And inversion signal and original signal are not present Delay.
2, Power MOSFET is advantageously implemented using the mutually isostructural time-delay unit circuit of two-way.It is single by changing delay Different dead times can be set in the value of first R and C, compared with using the delay circuit of digital circuit, eliminates number The influence of circuit delay advantageously ensures that parameter consistency of the circuit in wide temperature range.
3, the technical program is realized using resolution element, without increasing additional integrated circuit, is suitble in highly reliable mixing It is applied in integrated DC/DC converter.
Detailed description of the invention
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to the present invention make into The detailed description of one step, in which:
Fig. 1 is traditional self-powered circuit of synchronous rectification figure；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram that the synchronous rectification of patent document 1 controls；
Fig. 3 is a kind of block diagram of pwm pulse sequential control circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of circuit diagram of pwm pulse sequential control circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the delay circuit timing diagram of circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that timing diagram is isolated in the reverse phase of circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the two-way isolation drive signal timing diagram of circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is exemplary application map of the circuit of the present invention in counter exciting synchronous rectification Switching Power Supply；
Fig. 9 is exemplary application map of the circuit of the present invention in the active clamped Switching Power Supply of flyback.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail；It should be appreciated that preferred embodiment Only for illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
A kind of block diagram of pwm pulse timing generation circuit of the present invention is as shown in figure 3, it includes delay circuit A, driving electricity Road A, isolation circuit, delay circuit B and driving circuit B,
Delay circuit A, input terminal are directly connected with external PWM controller output signal, and effect is to believe external input Number delay；
Driving circuit A, input terminal are directly connected with the output of delay circuit A, and output end is connected with load.Its effect is Pulse signal after delay is subjected to Current amplifier, improves load switch speed；
Isolation circuit, input inlet side be directly connected with external PWM controller feeder ear, input outlet directly with outside PWM controller output end is connected, and effect is the electric isolution for realizing two pulse signals；
Delay circuit B, input terminal are directly connected with isolation circuit output signal, and effect is by isolation circuit output signal Delay；
Driving circuit B, input terminal are directly connected with the output of delay circuit B, and output end is connected with load.Its effect is Pulse signal after delay is subjected to Current amplifier, improves load switch speed.
Work main operational principle of the invention is the differentiation element circuit using two or more, passes through selection Different time constants controls different pulse delay signals, thus to the Power MOSFET of different pulse signals, so that not Meet the timing requirements of power switch with pulse signal.
The working principle of the invention circuit diagram is as shown in figure 4, the delay circuit A includes transistor M1, resistance R1, resistance R2With capacitor C1；The driving circuit A includes integrated circuit U2_A；The isolation circuit includes resistance R3, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, arteries and veins Rush transformer T1With diode D1；The delay circuit B includes transistor M2, resistance R4, resistance R5With capacitor C4；The driving electricity Road B includes integrated circuit U2_B；
Wherein, resistance R1One end and C1One end be connected respectively with the output end of PWM controller, transistor M1Drain electrode With integrated circuit U2_AInput terminal respectively with resistance R1The other end be connected, capacitor C1The other end and resistance R2One end difference With transistor M1Grid be connected, R2The other end and M1Source electrode ground connection；U2_AOutput terminating load；Resistance R3With capacitor C2 Series connection, one end of series arm connects the feeder ear of PWM controller, another termination pulse transformer T of series arm1Primary is same Name end, pulse transformer T1The output end of primary another termination PWM controller, pulse transformer T1Secondary termination of the same name electricity Hold C3One end, capacitor C3The other end connect respectively with one end of one end of resistance R4, capacitor C4, capacitor C4The other end point Not with transistor M2Grid, resistance R5One end is connected, transistor M2Drain electrode respectively with the other end of resistance R4, integrated circuit U2_BInput terminal be connected, integrated circuit U2_BOutput terminating load, pulse transformer T1The secondary other end respectively with two poles Pipe D1Anode, transistor M2Source electrode, resistance R5One end connection.
The output of PWM controller is connected to delay cell A, via capacitor C1After differential, capacitor C is flowed through1Displacement current exist Resistance R2Upper generation pressure drop forms a positive pulse spike and negative pulse spike, respectively correspond PWM output signal rising edge and Failing edge.Resistance R2On due to voltage spikes be shown below:
V(R2)=R2×C1×dVout/dt (1)
In formula, dVout/ dt indicates the rising edge of PWM controller output signal or the rate of change of failing edge, wherein C1 ×dVoutCapacitor C is flowed through in/dt expression1Displacement current.
When positive pulse spike appears in M1Grid when, M1Saturation is connected and is entered, integrated circuit U is made2_AInput keep Low level, at this time resistance R1The electric current passed through above is (VOUT_H-VSAT_M1)/R1, it is the current spike of short time.VOUT_HFor PWM Voltage value when control circuit output is high, VSAT_M1For transistor M1Voltage value when saturation.After positive pulse spike disappears, Transistor M1Grid voltage be low, transistor M1Into off state, PWM controller output signal is through resistance R1It is transmitted to collection At circuit U2_AInput；When negative pulse spike arrives, transistor M1Grid be in reverse-biased, transistor M1In cut-off shape State, do not influence signal transmission, therefore, behind influence of the selective analysis rising edge to circuit.Transistor M1Kept for the time of saturation, It is exactly the time that pwm signal is delayed by cell delay, the size of delay time can be indicated with following relationship:
If transistor M1Conducting voltage be Vth, then whenGreater than VthWhen, transistor M1It is in a saturated state, i.e.,Greatly In VthTime, be exactly the delay time of delay cell.To simplify the calculation, it is assumed that the pwm signal output rise time is very fast, this Sample can be using RC zero input response come the delay time of counting circuit, then resistance R2On voltage equation can simplify expression Are as follows:
Wherein VOUT_HFor the output high level of PWM controller, τ R2With capacitor C1Time constant
Above formula abbreviation is temporal expression are as follows:
Equal to VthWhen corresponding time, be the delay time of delay cell
As can be seen from the above equation, when pulse signal rising edge is fixed, tdelaySize be only dependent upon resistance R2And capacitor C1Value.
PWM controller output signal, general current potential referenced to ground, high level voltage value is approximately less than supply voltage, when defeated When signal is using supply voltage as reference level out, high level originally corresponds to low-voltage, and low level corresponds to supply voltage, with Signal inversion when ground is reference；Isolation circuit is realized using the supply voltage of pwm control circuit output unit as reference potential The reverse phase of pwm control circuit output signal, through capacitor C2After value, pass through pulse transformer T1Primary is transmitted to secondary, realizes letter Number isolation, resistance R3It is pulse transformer T1The summation of primary winding equivalent resistance and series resistance, works in primary circuit Damping state prevents primary circuit from vibrating, pulse transformer T1The concatenated capacitor C of secondary windings3Main function is to restore primary to pass The secondary pulse signal passed, diode D1It is by low level clamper in-VD.By isolation circuit, realize that pwm control circuit is defeated The reverse phase isolated variable of signal out.
Resistance R4, resistance R5, capacitor C4With transistor M2Function and resistance R1, resistance R2, capacitor C1With transistor M1Function Can be identical, but concatenated resistance R5With capacitor C4Value and resistance R2, capacitor C1Difference is allowed by the way that different values is arranged The delay time of two delay cell is different, so that the dead band time setting of two inversion signals is met function to the value needed The requirement of rate circuit control.
Integrated circuit U2_AWith integrated circuit U2_BThe output signal of reception delay unit, after Current amplifier, output is straight Driving switch pipe is connect, realizes the control to loop of power circuit.
Fig. 5 is the current-limiting protection timing control figure of circuit of the present invention, wherein Fig. 5 (a) is the output wave of pwm control circuit Shape, Fig. 5 (b) are by resistance R2With capacitor C1Due to voltage spikes waveform afterwards, Fig. 5 (c) are the driver incoming waves after delay Shape；Fig. 6 (a) is the output waveform of pwm control circuit, and Fig. 6 (b) is after reverse phase is isolated in pulse transformer T1What secondary obtained Complementary waveform, Fig. 6 (c) are that the waveform after reverse phase isolation passes through resistance R5With capacitor C5Due to voltage spikes waveform afterwards；Fig. 7 be by Two-way waveform timing chart after driver.
Fig. 7 is application example of the present invention in counter exciting synchronous rectification Switching Power Supply, integrated circuit U2_AOutput be connected to Primary switch pipe M3, control M3Switch.Integrated circuit U2_BOutput be connected to secondary switch pipe M4, control M4Switch, it is real Existing synchronous rectification.
Fig. 8 is application example of the present invention in the active clamped Switching Power Supply of flyback, integrated circuit U2_AOutput be connected to Primary switch pipe M3, control M3Switch.Integrated circuit U2_BOutput be connected to primary clamped pipe M4Drain D, reference potential It is connected to M4Source S, control M4Switch, realize M4Suspension driving.
The basic parameter of above embodiments circuit are as follows:
In delay circuit A and delay circuit B, transistor M1, M2: common small signal NMOS transistor；Resistance R1、R2、R4、 R5, capacitor C1、C4For conventional capacitance-resistance；
Isolation circuit, pulse transformer T1The turn ratio is 1:1；D1For general-purpose diode, resistance R3、C2、C3For conventional capacitance-resistance；
Driving circuit A and driving circuit B；It is realized using UCC27324 driver, two drivings is included inside the type circuit Unit.
The present invention is in the case where only pwm signal all the way, in the case where not using integrated circuit, only with 2 crystalline substances The switch control of synchronous rectification and active clamp topology can be realized in body pipe and a small amount of passive element, promotes power supply conversion efficiency 6 Percentage point.Therefore the simple circuit of circuit of the present invention is suitably applied in the highly reliable AC-battery power source neck using bare chip design Domain, for realizing synchronous rectification.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is clear that those skilled in the art Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention by member without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.If in this way, of the invention Within the scope of the claims of the present invention and its equivalent technology, then the present invention is also intended to encompass these to these modifications and variations Including modification and variation.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuit, it is characterised in that: including
Delay circuit A, input terminal are directly connected with external PWM controller output signal；
Driving circuit A, input terminal are directly connected with the output of delay circuit A, and output end is connected with load；
Isolation circuit, input inlet side be directly connected with external PWM controller feeder ear, input outlet directly with external PWM Controller output end is connected；
Delay circuit B, input terminal are directly connected with isolation circuit output signal；
Driving circuit B, input terminal are directly connected with the output of delay circuit B, and output end is connected with load；
The delay circuit A includes transistor M1, resistance R1, resistance R2With capacitor C1；
The driving circuit A includes integrated circuit U2_A；
The isolation circuit includes resistance R3, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, pulse transformer T1With diode D1；
The delay circuit B includes transistor M2, resistance R4, resistance R5With capacitor C4；
The driving circuit B includes integrated circuit U2_B；
Wherein, resistance R1One end and C1One end be connected respectively with the output end of PWM controller, transistor M1Drain electrode sum aggregate At circuit U2_AInput terminal respectively with resistance R1The other end be connected, capacitor C1The other end and resistance R2One end respectively with crystalline substance Body pipe M1Grid be connected, R2The other end and M1Source electrode ground connection；U2_AOutput terminating load；Resistance R3With capacitor C2Series connection, One end of series arm connects the feeder ear of PWM controller, another termination pulse transformer T of series arm1Primary Same Name of Ends, Pulse transformer T1The output end of primary another termination PWM controller；One end of series arm is to input inlet side, and pulse becomes Depressor T1The primary other end is to input outlet；
Pulse transformer T1Secondary termination capacitor C of the same name3One end, capacitor C3The other end respectively with one end of resistance R4, two Pole pipe D1Cathode, capacitor C4 one end connection, capacitor C4The other end respectively with transistor M2Grid, resistance R5One end phase Even, transistor M2Drain electrode respectively with the other end of resistance R4, integrated circuit U2_BInput terminal be connected, integrated circuit U2_BIt is defeated Terminating load out, pulse transformer T1The secondary other end respectively with diode D1Anode, transistor M2Source electrode, resistance R5 The other end connection；
The output of PWM controller is connected to delay cell A, via capacitor C1After differential, capacitor C is flowed through1Displacement current in resistance R2Upper generation pressure drop forms a positive pulse spike and negative pulse spike, respectively corresponds rising edge and the decline of PWM output signal Edge；Resistance R2On due to voltage spikes be shown below:
V(R2)=R2×C1×dVout/dt (1)
In formula, dVout/ dt indicates the rising edge of PWM controller output signal or the rate of change of failing edge, wherein C1× dVoutCapacitor C is flowed through in/dt expression1Displacement current；
When positive pulse spike appears in M1Grid when, M1Saturation is connected and is entered, integrated circuit U is made2_AInput keep low electricity It puts down, at this time resistance R1The electric current passed through above is (VOUT_H-VSAT_M1)/R1, it is the current spike of short time；VOUT_HFor PWM control Voltage value when circuit output is high, VSAT_M1For transistor M1Voltage value when saturation；After positive pulse spike disappears, crystal Pipe M1Grid voltage be low, transistor M1Into off state, PWM controller output signal is through resistance R1It is transmitted to integrated electricity Road U2_AInput；When negative pulse spike arrives, transistor M1Grid be in reverse-biased, transistor M1In off state, no Signal transmission is influenced, influence of the rising edge to circuit is only analyzed；Transistor M1The time for keeping saturation, is exactly that pwm signal is prolonged The time of slow cell delay, the size of delay time are indicated with following relationship:
If transistor M1Conducting voltage be Vth, then whenGreater than VthWhen, transistor M1It is in a saturated state, i.e.,Greater than Vth Time, be exactly the delay time of delay cell；To simplify the calculation, it is assumed that the pwm signal output rise time is very fast, using RC Zero input response carrys out the delay time of counting circuit, then resistance R2On voltage equation simplify are as follows:
Wherein VOUT_HFor the output high level of PWM controller, τ R2With capacitor C1Time constant
Above formula abbreviation is temporal expression are as follows:
Equal to VthWhen corresponding time, be the delay time of delay cell
tdelay=-R2×C1×ln(Vth/VOUT_H) (4)
It is obtained by above formula, when pulse signal rising edge is fixed, tdelaySize be only dependent upon resistance R2With capacitor C1Value.
CN201610435469.7A 2016-06-17 2016-06-17 A kind of pwm pulse sequential control circuit Active CN105978302B (en)

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