CN105960736B - The dynamic polarization of steerable multilayer cylinder feeding holographic antenna and coupling control - Google Patents

The dynamic polarization of steerable multilayer cylinder feeding holographic antenna and coupling control Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105960736B
CN105960736B CN201580003442.4A CN201580003442A CN105960736B CN 105960736 B CN105960736 B CN 105960736B CN 201580003442 A CN201580003442 A CN 201580003442A CN 105960736 B CN105960736 B CN 105960736B
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gap
antenna
wave
patch
layer
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CN105960736A (en
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亚当·比利
纳桑·昆兹
米卡拉·约翰逊
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Jimei Tower Co
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Jimei Tower Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0012—Radial guide fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of equipment for cylinder feed antenna disclosed herein and the method using the equipment.In one embodiment, antenna includes: antenna feed portion, and input cylinder feeds wave；First layer, be coupled to antenna feed portion and feed wave from feed part outward and concentrically propagate in first layer；The second layer is coupled to first layer so that feeding wave is inwardly propagated in the reflection of the edge of antenna and from the edge of antenna by the second layer；With radio frequency (RF) array, it is coupled to the second layer, wherein feeding wave and RF array interact to generate wave beam.

Description

The dynamic polarization of steerable multilayer cylinder feeding holographic antenna and coupling control
Priority
Patent application claims in 2 months 2014 19 submit it is entitled " from cylinder feeding holographic antenna polarization and Coupling control " (Polarization and Coupling Control from a Cylindrically Fed Holographic Antenna) Serial No. 61/941,801 correspondence temporary patent application and on June 16th, 2014 Entitled " metamaterial antenna system (the A Metamaterial Antenna System for communication-satellite earth station submitted For Communications Satellite Earth Stations) " Serial No. 62/012,897 correspondence it is temporarily special Benefit application priority and be incorporated by reference into.
Technical field
The embodiment of the present invention is related to field of antenna；More particularly, the embodiment of the present invention is related to a kind of cylinder feeding Antenna.
Background technique
Dual circular polarisation is realized in Ka frequency band using Thinkom (new Ken Shi) product of the method based on PCB, is usually utilized Type variable tilts lateral minor matters or " VICTS " method, with two kinds of mechanical rotation.The first kind makes an array phase For another array rotation, and Second Type rotates two arrays in azimuth.Major limitation is scanning range (20 and 70 The elevation angle between degree, it is impossible to laterally opposed) and wave beam performance (only limiting Rx sometimes).
" radial line slot antenna (the Radial line for 12GHz DBS satellite reception of Anduo County (Ando) et al. Slot antenna for 12GHz DBS satellite reception) " and first (Yuan) et al. " for high-power micro- The design and experiment (Design and Experiments of a Novel of the novel radial line slot antenna of wave application Radial Line Slot Antenna for High-Power Microwave Applications) " discuss various days Line.The limitation of the antenna described in the two articles is that wave beam is made only at a dwell angle.It is fed described in article Structure is folded into bilayer, and wherein first layer receives pin and feeds and signal is radiated outwardly to edge, and signal is bent up Song is to top layer, and then top layer is from periphery along outlet openings to the fixed gap of center-driven.It is obtained usually with orthogonal to orientation in gap The fixation circular polarisation of emission mode is obtained, opposite side is reception pattern.Finally, absorption portion terminates any dump energy.
" the holographic artificial impedance surface of scalar sum tensor ", author side (Fong), Colborn (Colburn), Tasha difficult to understand (Ottusch), Wei She (Visher), western language send amber (Sievenpiper).Although western language send amber have been shown how will realize it is dynamic State scanning antenna, but there are queries for the polarization fidelity maintained during scanning.This is because required polarizing control depends on In the tensor impedance needed at each radiating element.This is directed toward (element-wise) rotation by element and is very easy in fact It is existing.But when antenna scanning, the polarization at each element changes, therefore required rotation also changes.Because of these yuan Part is fixed and is unable to dynamic rotary, so having no idea to scan and maintain polarizing control.
Realizing has the industry standard approach of the beam scanning antennas of polarizing control usually using mechanical rotation dish or knot Close some type of mechanical movement of electron beam manipulation.It is full phase array antenna that most expensive, which selects type,.Dish can receive more simultaneously A polarization, but balance ring (gimbal) is needed to scan.In recent years, by the electricity in the mechanical movement and quadrature axis on an axis Son scanning combines the structure for having generated high aspect ratio, needs smaller size smaller, but can sacrifice wave beam performance or dynamic pole Change control, the system of such as Thinkom.
Existing method is using waveguide and beam splitter feed structure with feed antenna.But waveguide design has in side The impedance (band gap generated by 1 wavelength period structure) that portion is nearby swung；It needs in conjunction with different CTE；With association Ohmic loss feed structure；And/or with the thousands of via hole for extending to ground level.
Summary of the invention
A kind of equipment for cylinder feed antenna disclosed herein and the method using the equipment.In one embodiment, Antenna includes: antenna feed portion, and input cylinder feeds wave；First layer is coupled to antenna feed portion and feeds wave from feedback It send portion outward and concentrically propagates in first layer；The second layer is coupled to first layer so that feeding wave is at the edge of antenna It reflects and is inwardly propagated from the edge of antenna by the second layer；With radio frequency (RF) array, it is coupled to the second layer, wherein feeding Wave and RF array interact to generate wave beam.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be more fully understood from the attached drawing of detailed description given below and various embodiments of the present invention, However, it, which will not instead of be invented, is limited to specific embodiment, it is merely illustrative and understands.
Fig. 1 illustrates the top view of the one embodiment in the coaxial feeding portion for providing cylindrical wave feeding.
Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B illustrates the side view of the embodiment of cylinder feed antenna structure.
Fig. 3 illustrates the top view of one embodiment of a slot-coupled paster antenna or scatterer.
Fig. 4 illustrates it is that the gap of a part of cyclic feeding antenna system feeds the side view of paster antenna.
Fig. 5 illustrates the example of dielectric material, wherein feeding wave is transmitted in dielectric material.
Fig. 6 illustrates the one embodiment for showing the iris plate (iris board) in gap and its orientation.
Fig. 7 illustrates the mode for determining iridial part of retina/patch combination orientation.
Fig. 8 illustrates to be divided into two groups of iridial part of retina, wherein first group is spent and second group relative to power feed Vector Rotation -45 It is spent relative to power feed Vector Rotation+45.
Fig. 9 illustrates the embodiment of patch plate.
Figure 10 illustrates the example with the element for determining the patch in Fig. 9 that operating frequency is closed.
Figure 11 illustrates the example with the element for determining the patch in Fig. 9 that operating frequency is opened.
Figure 12 illustrates that all-wave models as a result, it shows the element about Figure 10 and Figure 11 to opening and closing control/tune The electric field response of mode processed.
Figure 13 illustrates the Wave beam forming of the embodiment using cylinder feed antenna.
Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B illustrate the patch positioned in honeycombed mode and gap.
Figure 15 A- Figure 15 C illustrates positioning circlewise to generate the patch being radially laid out and associated gap, associated control Mode and the antenna response of generation.
Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B illustrate right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization respectively.
Figure 17 illustrate include the cylinder feed antenna of the glassy layer containing patch a part.
Figure 18 illustrates the linear taper of dielectric section.
Figure 19 A illustrates the example of reference wave.
Figure 19 B illustrates the object wave generated.
Figure 19 C is the example of resulting Sine Modulated mode.
Figure 20 illustrates optional antenna embodiment, and wherein each of side includes so that traveling wave is transmitted to from bottom The stepped part of top layer.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention includes Antenna Design framework, should from central point using excitation (feeding wave) feed antenna Excitation is with cylinder or concentric mode from feed point to external diffusion.Antenna is using feeding wave by arranging that multiple cylinders feed sub-aperture Diameter antenna (such as paster antenna) work.In an alternate embodiment of the invention, antenna be from around inwardly feeding rather than from center to Outer feeding.This can be helpful, because it, which contends with, scatters the decaying of amplitude excitations caused by energy as aperture.Scattering similarly occurs In two orientations, but resisted when feeding wave and inwardly advancing around as focusing nature taper caused by the energy in feeding wave Weighing apparatus by scattering caused decreasing taper intentionally.
The embodiment of the present invention includes holographic antenna, based on making typically to need to realize holographic doubled in density and benefit Hole is filled with two kinds of orthogonal set of pieces.In one embodiment, a set of pieces relative to feeding wave by linear orientation+ At 45 degree, the second set of pieces is positioned at -45 degree relative to feeding wave.Two types are illuminated by identical feeding wave, In a kind of form, which is the parallel plate mode by coaxial pin feeding transmitting.
In following discussion, many details are set forth to provide more thorough explanation of the invention.But for ability The technical staff in domain will be apparent that the present invention can practice without these specific details.In other cases, it is The present invention that avoids confusion, well known construction and device in block diagram form rather than be illustrated in detail.
The some parts of subsequent specific embodiment in computer storage to the algorithm and symbol of the operation of data bit It indicates to provide.These algorithm descriptions and indicate be data processing field technical staff use with by they work essence most Effectively send the means of other technical staff in the field to.Here it is to generate expected result that algorithm, which is generally contemplated to be, Sequentially self-consistent step.The step of these steps are the physical operations for needing physical quantity.Although in general, unnecessary, This tittle take can by storage, transmission, in conjunction with, the form of electric signal or magnetic signal that compares and manipulate in other ways. It has been proved that the reason of primarily for Common usage, facilitate sometimes these signals are known as position, numerical value, element, symbol, character, Item, number etc..
It should be borne in mind, however, that all these and similar terms are all related with physical quantity appropriate and are only to answer Facilitate label for this tittle.Unless otherwise specific statement, such as very clear from the description below, otherwise understand, In the whole instruction, begging for for " processing " or " being calculated with computer " or " calculating " or the terms such as " determination " or " display " is utilized By the movement and processing for referring to computer system or similar computing electronics, the deposit of computer system will be indicated as The data manipulation and being converted to of physics (electronics) amount in device and memory be similarly represented as computer system memory or Person's register or other data of other this information storages, transmitting or the physical quantity in display device.
The exemplary general introduction of antenna system
Embodiment of the description for the metamaterial antenna system of communication-satellite earth station.In one embodiment, aerial system System is the component or subsystem of the ground satellite station (ES) operated on mobile platform (such as aviation, navigation, land etc.), Middle mobile platform uses the Ka frequency band or Ku frequency band operation for civilian commercial satellite communications.It is noted that the reality of antenna system Applying example can also be used for earth station (such as fixed or can transport formula earth station) not on a mobile platform.
In one embodiment, antenna system is formed using surface scattering Meta Materials technology and by separated antenna Manipulation sends and receives beam.In one embodiment, with use Digital Signal Processing with electric forming and the aerial system of controlling beam System (such as phased array antenna) is compared, which is simulation system.
In one embodiment, antenna system is passed by three functional subsystems (1) by the wave that cylindrical wave feeding framework forms Broadcast structure；(2) array of scattering of wave metamaterial unit structure cell；(3) using principle of holography order by Meta Materials dispersing element shape It is formed at the control structure of adjustable radiation field (beam).
The example of wave transmission structure
Fig. 1 illustrates the top view of the one embodiment in the coaxial feeding portion for providing cylindrical wave feeding.Referring to Fig.1, together Axis feed part includes center conductor and outer conductor.In one embodiment, cylindrical wave feeding framework is presented using excitation from central point Antennas, the excitation is from feed point to external diffusion in a manner of cylinder.That is, cylinder feed antenna generates the concentric feeding traveled out Wave.Even so, the shape of the cylinder feed antenna around cylinder feed part can be round, rectangular or any shape. In another embodiment, cylinder feed antenna generates the feeding wave inwardly advanced.In this case, feeding wave most comes naturally From in circular configuration.
Fig. 2A illustrates the side view of one embodiment of cylinder feed antenna structure.Antenna uses the double-deck feed structure (i.e. Double-deck feed structure) generate inside traveling wave.In one embodiment, antenna includes circular outer shape, but this is not It is required.That is, the non-circular structure inwardly advanced can be used.In one embodiment, the antenna structure in Fig. 2A includes Fig. 1's Coaxial feeding portion.
Referring to Fig. 2A, field of the coaxial pin 201 on the lower level of active antenna.In one embodiment, coaxially draw Foot 201 is 50 Ω coaxial pins being conveniently easy to get.It is conductive earthing plane that coaxial pin 201, which is coupled to (such as being bolted to), The bottom of 202 antenna structure.
Gap conductor (interstitial conductor) 203 is separated with conductive earthing plane 202, is inner conductor. In one embodiment, conductive earthing plane 202 and gap conductor 203 are parallel to each other.In one embodiment, ground plane The distance between 202 and gap conductor 203 are 0.1-0.15 ".In another embodiment, which can be λ/2, and wherein λ is Wavelength of the traveling wave at operating frequency.
Ground plane 202 is separated by spacer portion 204 with gap conductor 203.In one embodiment, spacer portion 204 is Foam-like or air shape spacer portion.In one embodiment, spacer portion 204 includes plastic spacers portion.
It is dielectric layer 205 on the top of gap conductor 203.In one embodiment, dielectric layer 205 is plastics.Fig. 5 explanation The example of dielectric material, wherein feeding wave is transmitted in dielectric material.The purpose of dielectric layer 205 be to make traveling wave relative to Velocity in free space slows down.In one embodiment, dielectric layer 205 makes traveling wave slow down 30% relative to free space.One In a embodiment, the range of the refractive index suitable for Wave beam forming is 1.2-1.8, wherein according to definition, the refraction of free space Index is equal to 1.For example, other dielectric spacer portion materials of such as plastics can be used to obtain this effect.It is noted that can make With material besides plastic, as long as they, which obtain desired waves, slows down effect.Optionally, with the material of distributed frame It can be used as dielectric section 205, such as can such as be machined or the period of lithographic definition time wave length metallic structure.
RF array 206 is in the top of dielectric section 205.In one embodiment, gap conductor 203 and RF array 206 it Between distance be 0.1-0.15 ".In another embodiment, which can be λeff/ 2, wherein λeffTo be situated between at design frequency Effective wavelength in matter.
Antenna includes side 207 and 208.Side 207 and 208 is at an angle so that the traveling wave from coaxial pin 201 Reflection is fed through above the regional spread to gap conductor 203 (dielectric layer) below gap conductor 203 (spacer portion layer) Region.In one embodiment, side 207 and 208 is in 45° angle.In an alternate embodiment of the invention, side 207 and 208 is available continuous Radius replacement is to realize reflection.Although Fig. 2A shows the angled side with 45° angle, can be used realize signal from compared with Low layer feeding is sent to other angles of upper layer feeding.I.e., it is assumed that generally fed with relatively upper in the effective wavelength of lower feeding Effective wavelength it is different, can be used and deviate ideal 45 ° of angle to assist being transmitted to from lower feeding and relatively upper feed layer.For example, In another embodiment, 45° angle single stepped part replacement shown in such as Figure 20.Referring to Figure 20, around dielectric layer 2005, Stepped part 2001 and 2002 is shown on one end of the antenna of gap conductor 2003 and spacer portion layer 2004.Identical two stepped parts At other ends of these layers.
In operation, when feeding wave from 201 feed-in of coaxial pin, wave is between ground level 202 and gap conductor 203 It is traveled out in region from 201 concentric orientation of coaxial pin.Concentrically output wave is reflected by side 207 and 208 and in gap It inwardly advances in region between conductor 203 and RF array 206.The reflection at the edge from circular circumference makes wave keep same phase (that is, it is with mutually reflection).Traveling wave is slowed down by dielectric layer 205.At this point, the element in traveling wave and RF array 206 Start to interact and motivate to obtain desired scattering.
In order to terminate traveling wave, end portion 209 is included in the antenna at the geometric center of antenna.In one embodiment In, end portion 209 includes pin end portion (such as 50 Ω pins).In another embodiment, end portion 209 is absorbed including RF Device, the RF absorber terminate not used energy to prevent not used energy to be reflected back through the feed structure of antenna.These It can be used at the top of RF array 206.
Fig. 2 B illustrates another embodiment of the antenna system with output wave.Referring to Fig. 2 B, two 210 Hes of ground plane 211 and the dielectric layer 212 (such as plastic layer etc.) between ground plane 210 and 211 be substantially parallel to each other.RF absorber Two ground planes 210 and 211 are coupled together by 213 and 214 (such as resistors).Coaxial pin 215 (such as 50 Ω) feedback Antennas.RF array 216 is in the top of dielectric layer 212.
In operation, feeding wave is fed and is traveled out with one heart and the member with RF array 216 by coaxial pin 215 Part interaction.
Cylinder feeding in two kinds of antennas of Fig. 2A and 2B improves the service angle of antenna.Instead of positive or negative 45 degree of azimuths The service angle (service angle) of (± 45 ° of Az) and positive or negative 25 degree of elevations angle (elevation) (± 25 ° of El), in a reality It applies in example, antenna system has the service angle of 75 degree (75 °) in whole directions from sight line.As by many individual radiation device groups At any beam formed antenna, entire antenna gain depend on constituent element gain, and they depend on angle.When using public Altogether when radiating element, as wave beam further offsets from sight line, entire antenna gain is usually reduced.Deviateing 75 degree of sight line When, it is contemplated that there is the significant gain reduction of about 6dB.
The embodiment of antenna with cylinder feeding solves the problems, such as one or more.These include with the distributor net that cooperates The antenna of network feeding is compared, and feed structure is significantly simplified, therefore reduces required main aerial and antenna feed volume；Pass through benefit High wave beam performance is maintained with rougher control to reduce foozle and control the sensitivity of error and (always extend with simplification Binary system control)；Compared with straight line feeding, more useful secondary lobe mode (side lobe pattern) is obtained, because cylinder is fixed To feed waveguide cause far field in secondary lobe it is spatially different；And it is dynamic for allowing to polarize, including allows left-handed entelechy Change, right-handed circular polarization and linear polarization, without polarizer.
The array of scattering of wave element
The RF array 206 of Fig. 2A and the RF array 216 of Fig. 2 B include scattering of wave subsystem comprising one as radiator Group paster antenna (i.e. scatterer).This group of paster antenna includes the array for scattering Meta Materials element.
In one embodiment, each dispersing element in antenna system is a part of unit structure cell, the unit structure cell It is made of lower conductor, dielectric substrate and upper conductor, upper conductor insertion is etched in upper conductor or is deposited on mutual on upper conductor Mend electrical inductor-capacitor resonators (" complementary electrical LC " or " CELC ").
In one embodiment, liquid crystal (LC) injection is surrounded in the interval of dispersing element.Liquid crystal is encapsulated in each unit It is separated in structure cell and by lower conductor associated with gap from upper conductor associated with its patch.Liquid crystal has dielectric normal Number, be include liquid crystal molecule orientation function, the orientation (therefore dielectric constant) of molecule can be by adjusting across liquid crystal Bias voltage control.Using the property, liquid crystal is used as that will measure the off/on switches for being emitted to CELC from guided wave.When beating When opening, the electromagnetic wave of the similar small dipole antenna of electricity of CELC transmitting.
The thickness for controlling LC increases beam switchover speed.It reduces at interval (thickness of liquid crystal) between lower conductor and upper conductor 50 (50%) percent causes speed to increase by four times.In another embodiment, the thickness of liquid crystal leads to about 14 milliseconds The beam switchover speed of (14ms).In one embodiment, adulterate LC with mode as known in the art is made with improving responsiveness Obtain the requirement that can meet seven milliseconds (7ms).
CELC element responds are in the plane for being parallel to CELC element and the magnetic field applied perpendicular to the interval CELC.Work as voltage When the liquid crystal being applied in Meta Materials scattering unit structure cell, the magnetic pumping of the magnetic-field component induction CELC of guided wave, in turn Generate electromagnetic wave identical with guided wave frequency.
It can be selected by position of the CELC on the vector of guided wave by the phase of the single CELC electromagnetic wave generated.Each list Wave of the guided wave with phase member generation and be parallel to CELC.Because CELC is less than wavelength, when output wave passes through below CELC When, output wave has phase identical with the phase of guided wave.
In one embodiment, the cylinder feeding geometry of this antenna system allows CELC element to be positioned in and wave At 45 degree of (45 °) angles of the vector of wave in feeding.This position of element, which can control, to be generated by element or is received by element Free space wave polarization.In one embodiment, arrange that CELC, the inter-element spacing are less than antenna with inter-element spacing The free space wavelength of operating frequency.For example, if member of every wavelength there are four dispersing elements, in 30GHz transmitting antenna Part will be about 2.5mm (that is, 1/4 of the 10mm free space wavelength of 30GHz).
In one embodiment, CELC is realized with paster antenna, and paster antenna includes with liquid crystal between the two in gap Top is with the patch of position, and wherein liquid crystal is therebetween.In this respect, Super-material antenna is used as similar gap (scattering) waveguide. For gap waveguide, the phase of output wave depends on the position in gap related with guided wave.
Fig. 3 illustrates the top view of one embodiment of a paster antenna or dispersing element.Referring to Fig. 3, paster antenna packet It includes with the liquid crystal (LC) 303 among patch 301 and gap 302 above gap 302 with the patch 301 of position.
Fig. 4 illustrate be the paster antenna of a part of cyclic feeding antenna system side view.Referring to Fig. 4, patch day In the top of dielectric section 402 (such as plastic insertion piece etc.), gap conductor 203 of the dielectric section 402 in Fig. 2A (or such as exists line The earth conductor in the case where antenna in Fig. 2 B) top.
Iris plate 403 is flat with the ground connection in multiple gaps such as 402 top of dielectric section and the gap 403a of top Face (conductor).Gap is referred to alternatively as iridial part of retina here.In one embodiment, the gap in iris plate 403 is produced by etching It is raw.It is noted that in one embodiment, gap or the most high-density for its structure cell of a part are λ/2.In one embodiment In, gap/structure cell density is λ/3 (that is, every λ has 3 structure cells).It is noted that other density of structure cell can be used.
Patch plate 405 including multiple patches such as patch 405a is located at the top of iris plate 403 and is situated between by centre Electric layer separation.The same position in a gap in each of patches such as patch 405a and iris plate 403.In one embodiment In, the intermediate dielectric layer between iris plate 403 and patch plate 405 is crystal liquid substrate layer 404.Liquid crystal be used as each patch and it With the dielectric layer between the gap of position.It is noted that the substrate layer other than LC can be used.
In one embodiment, patch plate 405 includes printed circuit board (PCB), and each patch includes the gold on PCB Belong to, wherein having been removed the metal around patch.
In one embodiment, patch plate 405 includes the via hole for each patch, with patch towards it with position On the side of the opposite patch plate in the side in gap.Via hole is used to one or more tracks being connected to patch to provide to patch Voltage.In one embodiment, matrix driving portion is used to apply voltage to patch to control them.Voltage is for tuning or demodulating Each element is to realize that beam is formed.
In one embodiment, patch, which can be deposited on glassy layer, (such as is commonly used for the glass of LC display (LCD) Glass, such as such as healthy and free from worry hawk glass (Corning Eagle glass)), without the use of circuit patch plate.Figure 17 illustrates that cylinder is presented The part of antennas, the cylinder feed antenna include the glassy layer containing patch.Referring to Fig.1 7, antenna includes conductive base or connects Stratum 1701, dielectric layer 1702 (such as plastics), iris plate 1703 (such as circuit board), crystal liquid substrate layer 1704 including gap With the glassy layer 1705 including patch 1710.In one embodiment, the shape of patch 1710 is rectangle.In one embodiment In, gap and patch embark on journey with it is arranged in columns, and the orientation of patch is all identical for every row or each column, while with position gap Orientation for row or column be oriented respectively relative to each other it is identical.
In one embodiment, the top of cover (such as radome) covering paster antenna heap is to provide protection.
Fig. 6 illustrates one embodiment of iris plate 403.This is the lower conductor of CELC.Referring to Fig. 6, iris plate includes gap Array.In one embodiment, each gap is relative to the impact feeding wave of the center position in gap with+45 degree or -45 Degree orientation.In other words, the layout pattern of dispersing element (CELC) is arranged into the vector of wave with ± 45 degree.The lower section in each gap It is circular open 403b, is substantially another gap.Gap is on the top of iris plate and round or oval opening It is on the bottom of iris plate.It is noted that these openings are optionally that depth can be about 0.001 " or 25mm.
Orientable tuning ground load gap array.By closing or opening respective gaps, each gap is tuned to provide In the desired scattering (that is, it is tuned to operate with given frequency) of the operating frequency of antenna.
Fig. 7 illustrates the mode for determining iris (gap)/patch combination orientation.Referring to Fig. 7, alphabetical A indicates solid Black arrow indicates the power feed vector at the center from cylinder feed position to element.Letter b expression is shown relative to " A " The dotted line cross line of vertical axis, letter C indicate to rotate 45 degree of dashed rectangle relative to " B " around gap.
Fig. 8 illustrates to be divided into two groups of iris (gap), wherein first group is spent relative to power feed Vector Rotation -45, the Two groups relative to power feed Vector Rotation with+45 degree.Referring to Fig. 8, group A includes being equal to -45 ° relative to feeding Vector Rotation Gap, and organizing B includes the gap for being equal to+45 ° relative to feeding Vector Rotation.
It is noted that the mark of global coordinate system is inessential, thus only because they describe element with each other and feeding The rotation of wave direction relative rotation, positive negative angle is just important.In order to generate circular polarisation, two set of pieces from two groups of wire type polarization elements Perpendicular to each other and at the same time having equal amplitude excitations.They are rotated +/- 45 degree relative to feeding wave excitation to obtain at once Obtain desired feature.By one group of 0 degree of rotation, another group is rotated by 90 °, and will realize vertical purpose, rather than equal amplitudes swash The purpose encouraged.
Fig. 9 illustrates the embodiment of patch plate 405.This is the upper conductor of CELC.Referring to Fig. 9, patch plate includes rectangular patch, It covers gap and completes the wire type polarized patch/gap resonance pair that will be turned off and on.By using controller to patch It is right that piece application voltage closes or opens this.Required voltage depends on liquid crystal compound currently in use, it is desirable that resulting threshold value Voltage starts to tune liquid crystal and maximum saturation voltage that (the maximum saturation voltage of voltage more not higher than its is generated in addition to logical Cross liquid crystal finally and reduce or short circuit other than any effect).In one embodiment, matrix driving portion is used to apply to patch Voltage couples to control.
Antenna system control
Control structure has 2 main components；Controller comprising for the driving electronic device of antenna system, in wave The lower section of diffusing structure, and matrix driving switching array by not with radiation interference it is this in a manner of be dispersed in radiation RF array in. In one embodiment, for business ready-made LCD control that the driving electronic device of antenna system includes for CTV facility Device processed adjusts the bias for each dispersing element by adjusting the amplitude to the AC offset signal of that element.
In one embodiment, controller controls electronic device using software control.In one embodiment, polarized control System is the part of the software control of antenna, and polarization is programmed to match the signal of the satellite service communicated with from earth station Polarization, or be programmed to match the polarization of the receiving antenna on satellite.
In one embodiment, controller further includes the microprocessor for executing software.Control structure may also be combined with sensor Nominally (including GPS receiver, three axis compass and accelerometer) is to provide position and directed information to processor.Position and orientation Information can be supplied to processor by other systems in earth station and/or can not be the part of antenna system.
More particularly, which element controller control closes with operating frequency and opens which element.Element passes through application Voltage is selectively detuned to be operated for frequency.Voltage signal array is generated modulation supplied to RF radiation patch by controller Or control model.Control model is opened or closed element.In one embodiment, control model is similar to rectangular wave, Wherein along the element of a spiral (LHCP or RHCP) be " openings " and those of separate spiral element be " closing " (that is, Double modulation mode).In another embodiment, using multiposition control, wherein each element is opened and closed to variation level, Relative to rectangular wave, it is similar to sine wave control model (that is, sine wave gray modulation mode).Some elements are than other elements Radiate it is stronger, rather than some elements radiation and some element non-radiatings.Radiation of variable, which passes through, applies specific voltage level realization, Liquid crystal dielectric constant is adjusted to knots modification by it, to changeably detune element and radiate some elements than other elements It obtains more.
Generate focused beam acts by the Meta Materials array of element can be by explaining the phenomenon that constructive interference and destructive interference.Such as Fruit is identical when the phase of their individual electromagnetic waves when free space meets, then they sum it up (constructive interference) and if work as it Their opposite in phase when meeting in free space, then wave offsets each other (destructive interference).If the seam in slot antenna Gap is located such that the excitation point of each continuous gap and guided wave at a distance from different, then from the scattered wave of that element To there is the phase different from the scattered wave in previous gap.If gap length opens the 1/4 of guide wavelength, each gap will dissipate Penetrate the wave for the phase delay for having a quarter with previous gap.
Using array, the quantity that can increase the mode of the constructive interference and destructive interference that can generate makes using holography Principle, wave beam theoretically may point to any direction with the sight line of aerial array at positive or negative 90 degree (90 °).Therefore, lead to It crosses control and turns on or off which metamaterial unit structure cell (that is, by the mode that is opened of which unit structure cell of change and which A pent mode of unit structure cell), it can produce the different mode of constructive interference and destructive interference, and wavefront can be changed in antenna Direction.Time needed for opening and closing unit structure cell determines that wave beam can switch to the speed of another location from a position.
Polarization and wave beam sighting angle are all by modulating or specified opening or closing the mode which element is controlled and limit. In other words, it aims at wave beam and the frequency for the wave beam that polarizes in desired manner depends on control model.Because control model can be compiled Journey, so polarization can be programmed for antenna system.For major applications, desired polarized state is round or line.Circle Polarized state includes spiral polarized state, i.e., shows in Figure 16 A and 16B respectively for from center-fed and the feedback that travels out Send the right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization of wave.It is noted that identical wave beam switches feed direction (example simultaneously in order to obtain Such as, outgoing feeding is fed to from incidence), reverse orientation or induction or helical modulation mode.It is noted that when statement is opened When with the given helicon mode of closing element to generate left-hand circular polarization or right-handed circular polarization, also specify feeding wave direction (that is, Center or edge feeding).
To be stored in controller for the control model of each wave beam or awing calculate or some combination.When Antenna control system determine antenna be located at where and aim at where when, then it determines target satellite according to the sight line of antenna Positioned at where.Then the opening and closing mode of control order Individual cells structure cell in an array corresponds in antenna The pre-selection beam mode of the position of visual field Satellite.
In one embodiment, antenna system, which is generated, controlling beam and can be directed to downlink for one of uplink antenna One of link antennas can controlling beam.
Figure 10 illustrates that the example with the element for determining the patch in Fig. 9 that operating frequency is closed, Figure 11 explanation have Determine the example of the element of the patch in Fig. 9 that operating frequency is opened.Figure 12 illustrate all-wave modeling as a result, its show about The element of Figure 10 and Figure 11 is to the electric field response for opening and closing modulating mode.
Figure 13 illustrates Wave beam forming.Referring to Fig.1 3, the interference pattern corresponding with the beam modes selected that identification can be passed through Then it adjusts and interference pattern is adjusted to provide any antenna according to principles of holography generation wave beam across the voltage of dispersing element Radiation mode.The basic principle of known holography, including the term " object beam " such as relatively generally used with these principles " reference beam ".It is complete in the RF for using traveling wave to be formed in the context as desired " object beam " of " reference beam " Breath art is performed as follows.
Modulating mode is determined as follows.Firstly, generating the reference wave (beam) for sometimes referred to as feeding wave.Figure 19 A illustrates base The example of quasi wave.9A referring to Fig.1, ring 1900 are the phase fronts of the electric and magnetic fields of reference wave.When they show sinusoid Between change.Arrow 1901 illustrates the outside propagation of reference wave.
In this example, TEM or transverse-electromagnetic (Transverse Electro-Magnetic) wave are inwardly and outwardly gone Into.The direction of propagation is further defined, for the example, selection is propagated outward from center feed point.The plane of propagation is along antenna surface.
Generate the object wave for being sometimes referred to as object beam.In this example, object wave is that orthogonal antenna surface is deviateing The TEM wave that 30 degree of side travels upwardly, wherein declination-setter is at 0 degree.Polarization is further defined, for the example, selects dextrorotation circle Polarization.Figure 19 B illustrates the object wave generated.9B referring to Fig.1 shows the phase front for propagating the electric and magnetic fields of TEM wave 1904 1903.Electric field intensity of the arrow 1905 at each phase front, with 90 degree of time intervals.In this example, they abide by the right side Hand circular polarization selection.
Interference or modulating mode=Re { [A] x [B] * }
When sine wave is multiplied by the conjugate complex number of another sine wave and takes real part, resulting modulating mode is also sinusoidal Wave.Spatially, it when the maximum value of reference wave encounters maximum value (both of which is sine wave time variation amount) of object wave, adjusts Molding formula is maximum value, or radiation very strong position.In fact, this interference is calculated in each scattering position and is not only taken Certainly in the position of element but also depend on the rotation based on it element polarization and object wave at the position of element Polarization.Figure 19 C is the example of resulting Sine Modulated mode.
It is noted that can further select so that resulting sine wave gray modulation mode is simplified to rectangular wave modulation mould Formula.
It is noted that controlled across the voltage of dispersing element by the voltage applied patch and ground plane, this Wen Zhongqi is the metallization at the top of iris plate.
Optional embodiment
In one embodiment, patch and gap are positioned with honeycomb pattern.Figure 14 A and 14B show the example of this mode. 4A and 14B referring to Fig.1, honeycomb structure are to be moved to the left or right half of element spacing or optionally in every line, every a column Move up or down half of element spacing.
In one embodiment, patch and associated gap are oriented ring to generate radial layout.In this case, Slit centers are positioned on ring.Figure 15 A illustrates the example for the patch (and they with the gap of position) that positioning circularizes.Referring to figure The center in 15A, patch and gap is on ring and the ring is positioned concentrically relative to the feed part or terminal of aerial array.Pay attention to , the adjacent slits in identical ring are oriented almost 90 ° while assessing (at the centers at them) relative to each other.More Particularly, they are oriented at the angle for the angular displacement for adding the ring along the geometric center for including two elements equal to 90 °.
Figure 15 B is the example for the control model of the gap array based on ring described in such as Figure 15 A.Figure 15 C shows It is directed toward the near field and far field of the generation of 30 ° of wave beam for LHCP respectively out.
In one embodiment, feed structure is formed to control coupling to be ensured through complete 2D aperture radiation or scattering Power constant.This is by using the linear thickness taper in dielectric section, or with carinate feed network the case where is similar Taper complete, cause to couple near feed point it is less and more far from coupling at feed point.When traveling wave is separate By the way that energy to be included in smaller size smaller when feed point is propagated, the use for the linear taper of the height of feed part offsets 1/ R decaying, leads to the larger percentage dump energy in the feeding from each element scatters.This is to generation across the equal of aperture Even amplitude excitations are important.It, should for Non-radial symmetrics feed structures such as structures with rectangular or rectangle outside dimension Taper can be in a manner of Non-radial symmetric using so that passing through the power constant of aperture scattering.Complementary technology requires to be based on it Differently tuned cell in an array how far from feed point.
One example of taper is realized using the dielectric section in fish-eye of Maxwell lens shape, generates radiation intensity Inverse proportion increase with offset 1/r decaying.
Figure 18 illustrates the linear taper of dielectric section.Referring to Fig.1 8, the tapered dielectric portion with coaxial feeding portion 1800 is shown 1802 execute the element (patch/iris to) of RF array 1801 to provide feeding wave with one heart.Dielectric section 1802 (such as plastics) In height the lower height from the maximum high speed near coaxial feeding portion 1800 to the point farthest away from coaxial feeding portion 1800 at Taper.For example, height B is greater than height A when it is closer to coaxial feeding portion 1800.
According to this point, in one embodiment, dielectric section is formed non-radially symmetrical shape and concentrates on needing will measure Place.For example, in the case where feeding square antenna from single feed point as described herein, from rectangular center to rectangular The path length at angle is 1.4 times longer than the path length from rectangular center to the center on rectangular side.Therefore, with rectangular side 4 midpoints are compared, and have more energy to concentrate towards 4 angles, and the ratio of energy dispersive must be also different.Feed part Non-radially symmetrical shape and other structures can reach these requirements.
In one embodiment, different dielectric sections is stacked in given feed structure to control in wave direction external radiation When power from feed part to hole that scattered from.For example, when the different dielectric section medium of more than one is stacked on top of each other, electricity Energy or magnetic energy level can be concentrated in specific dielectric section.One particular example be using plastic layer and air shape froth bed, It is less than λ in operating frequency overall thicknesseff/ 2, so as to cause magnetic field energy concentration in the plastic than in air shape foam more It is high.
In one embodiment, it is detuned for patch/iris and spatially controls control model (for example, opening when starting few Number elements) with control coupling above aperture and according to feed direction and the scattering of desired aperture excitation weight more or more Few energy.For example, in one embodiment, the gap fewer than remaining time is opened in the control model started with.Example Such as, when beginning, will be opened to form wave beam, near the center of cylinder feed part some percentages (such as 40%, 50%) element (patch/iris gap to) is only opened during the first stage, then opens the residue far from cylinder feed part Element.In an alternate embodiment of the invention, when wave is propagated far from feed part, element can be continuously on from cylinder feed part.Another In one embodiment, carinate feed network replaces dielectric section spacer portion (such as plastics of spacer portion 205) and allows further control System propagates the orientation of feeding wave.Spine can be used to generate symmetrical propagate (that is, slope Yin Ting (Poynting) is sweared in feed part Amount is not parallel to wave vector) to offset 1/r decaying.In this way, it helps to guide energy using spine in feed part To in place of needing.By guiding the spine of more spines and/or alterable height to low energy region, generated more evenly at aperture Irradiation.This allows to deviate purely radial feed arrangement, the reason is that the direction of propagation of feeding wave can be no longer radially oriented.In spine The gap strength of side couples, and slot-coupled is weak those of between spine.Therefore, (desired to obtain according to desired coupling Wave beam), the use of spine and the setting in gap allow to control coupling.
In another embodiment, using the complicated feed structure for the aperture illumination for providing noncircular symmetry.This application can To be the square aperture or substantially non-circular aperture of Nonuniform illumination.In one embodiment, using to some regions than it The Non-radial symmetric dielectric section of its region conveying more energy.That is, dielectric section can have the region of different dielectric section control. One of example is to look like the dielectric section distribution of the big fish-eye lens of max.Different amounts of power is delivered to by this lens The different piece of array.In another embodiment, more to be conveyed to some regions than other regions using spine's feed structure Energy.
In one embodiment, multiple the type cylinders described herein feed secondary aperture antenna and are arranged in an array.? In one embodiment, the additional feed structure of one or more is used.And in one embodiment, including distributed amplification point (amplification point).For example, antenna system may include mutiple antennas shown in such as Fig. 2A or 2B in array. Array system can be 3x3 (9 antennas in total), 4x4,5x5 etc., it is possible that being other constructions.In this arrangement, often A antenna can have individual feed part.In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the quantity of amplification point is smaller than the quantity of feed part.
Advantage and benefit
Improved wave beam performance
One advantage of the embodiment of framework of the present invention is that have better wave beam performance than linear feed.Edge from So, embedded with conical can help to obtain good wave beam performance.
In array factor calculating, opening and closing element can be used only from the aperture 40cm and meet FCC masking.
It is fed using cylinder, the embodiment of the present invention does not have impedance swing near side, not by 1- wavelength period The band gap that structure generates.
The not no diffraction pattern problem when scanning side of the embodiment of the present invention.
Dynamic polarization
It is designed in the presence of the two kinds of elements that (at least) can be used for framework described herein: circular polarization element and pairs of linear pole Change element.It, can be by prolonging the phase modulation for being applied to a set of pieces relative to second group using pairs of linearly polarized element Late or phase shifts to an earlier date dynamic and changes circular polarisation induction.In order to realize linear polarization, one group (actually orthogonal relative to second group Group) phase in advance will be 180 degree.Linear polarization can also only use the variation synthesis of element fritter, provide linear for tracking Polarized mechanism.
The bandwidth of operation
The switching mode of operation has an opportunity to extend dynamic and transient state bandwidth, this is because operation mode does not need each element It is tuned to the special part of its resonance curve.In the case where no important performance influences, antenna can be by its range Amplitude and phase hologram part continuous operation.This makes opereating specification be closer to total adjustable extent.
It may be smaller with quartz/substrate of glass gap
Cylinder feed structure can utilize TFT framework, it means that working on quartz or glass.These substrates are than electricity Road plate much harder, and there is the better known technology of the gap size for obtaining about 3um.The gap size of 3um will Lead to the switch speed of 14ms.
Complexity is reduced
Disclosed framework described herein does not need machine work and only needs single combination stage in production.This Structure, which combines, switches to TFT driving electronic circuit, excludes expensive material and some difficult requirements.
Although many changes and modification of the invention are after reading description above for the ordinary skill people of this field Member will undoubtedly become apparent, it is to be understood that any specific embodiment for showing and describing by way of illustration It is never intended to and is considered to limit.Therefore, the details with reference to various embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and right is wanted It asks every itself only to quote to those of invention necessity feature.

Claims (22)

1. a kind of antenna comprising:
Antenna feed portion, input cylinder feed wave；
First layer, is coupled to the antenna feed portion and the feeding wave is outside from the feed part and concentrically propagates To in the first layer；
The second layer is coupled to the first layer so that the feeding wave is in the reflection of the edge of the antenna and from the day It is inwardly propagated by the second layer at the edge of line；
Controller is configured to application control mode to control multiple surface scattering antenna elements to generate wave beam；And
Radio frequency array, i.e. RF array, with the multiple surface scattering antenna element, the RF array is coupled to described second Layer, wherein multiple surface scattering antenna elements of the feeding wave and the RF array interact to generate wave beam,
Wherein by using the voltage from the controller dynamically to reconfigure the wave beam, the multiple surface scattering Each surface scattering antenna element of antenna element is tuned to provide desired scattering under given frequency,
Wherein the RF array includes gap array, and the gap array includes multiple patches and multiple gaps, the multiple seam Gap is located in multiple rings, and the multiple ring is positioned concentrically relative to the feed part or terminal of aerial array, and
Wherein each of the multiple patch and forms patch with position and separated above the gap in multiple gaps Piece/gap pair, based on applying a voltage in the patch in specified by the control model, each patch/gap is to quilt It closes or opens, and
Wherein associated patch of the dielectric layer of liquid crystal in each gap and the multiple patch in the multiple gap it Between.
2. antenna according to claim 1, wherein the gap array is tunable.
3. antenna according to claim 1, wherein the gap array is dielectric load.
4. antenna according to claim 1,
Wherein each of described patch is with position and separated by using liquid crystal layer above the gap in multiple gaps, And patch/gap pair is formed, based on the patch for applying a voltage to the centering specified by control pattern, each patch/ Gap is to being closed or opened.
5. antenna according to claim 1, wherein each gap in the multiple gap is relative in each seam The cylinder feeding wave of the center position impact of gap is with+45 degree or -45 degree orientations, so that the gap array includes relative to institute State first group of gap of+45 degree of direction of propagation rotation of cylinder feeding wave and the direction of propagation rotation relative to cylinder feeding wave Turn second group of gap of -45 degree.
6. antenna according to claim 1, wherein the control model is only opened for generating wave during the first stage Then the subset in the patch/gap pair of beam opens remaining patch/seam for generating the wave beam during second stage Gap pair.
7. antenna according to claim 1, wherein propagation of the multiple ring perpendicular to the feeding wave.
8. antenna according to claim 1, wherein the multiple patch is included in patch plate.
9. antenna according to claim 1, wherein the multiple patch is included in glassy layer.
10. antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second layer includes dielectric layer, the feeding wave is advanced through institute Give an account of electric layer.
11. antenna according to claim 10, wherein the dielectric layer includes plastics.
12. antenna according to claim 10, wherein the dielectric layer is taper.
13. antenna according to claim 10, wherein the dielectric layer includes the multiple regions with differing dielectric constant.
14. antenna according to claim 10, wherein the dielectric layer include influence the feeding wave propagation it is multiple Distributed frame.
15. antenna according to claim 10, further comprising:
Ground plane；
Coaxial pin is coupled to the ground plane the feeding wave is input to the antenna, wherein the dielectric layer Between the ground plane and the multiple surface scattering antenna element.
16. antenna according to claim 15, further comprising: end portion, terminates not used energy to anti- Only the not used energy passes back through the reflection of the second layer.
17. antenna according to claim 15, further comprising:
Gap conductor, wherein the dielectric layer is between gap conductor and the multiple surface scattering antenna element；
Spacer portion, between the gap conductor and the ground plane.
18. antenna according to claim 1, further comprising: lateral region, couples the first layer and second Layer.
19. antenna according to claim 18, wherein the lateral region includes two sides, in two lateral regions Each is angled so that dielectric Es-region propagations of the feeding wave from the spacer portion layer of the feed part to the feed part.
20. antenna according to claim 1 further comprises carinate feed network, the cylinder feeding wave is advanced to In the carinate feed network.
21. a kind of method for operating antenna comprising:
By radiofrequency signal, i.e. RF signal feeds the bottom of the antenna so that feeding wave is propagated with one heart from feed point；
Emit the RF signal by the bottom to the edge of the antenna, at the point at edge, the RF signal is anti-upwards It is incident upon top layer, the RF signal is made inwardly to advance from the edge of the antenna；
The control model that multiple surface scattering antenna elements are controlled in response to being applied passes through the RF signal and RF array The multiple surface scattering antenna element interaction is to generate wave beam；
Wherein by using the voltage from the controller dynamically to reconfigure the wave beam, the multiple surface scattering Each surface scattering antenna element of antenna element is tuned to provide desired scattering under given frequency,
Wherein the RF array includes gap array, and the gap array includes multiple gaps, and the multiple gap is located in more In a ring, the multiple ring is positioned concentrically relative to the feed part or terminal of aerial array, and
Wherein each of the multiple patch and forms patch with position and separated above the gap in multiple gaps Piece/gap pair, based on applying a voltage in the patch in specified by the control model, each patch/gap is to quilt It closes or opens, and
Wherein associated patch of the dielectric layer of liquid crystal in each gap and the multiple patch in the multiple gap it Between；And
The RF signal is terminated after the interaction of multiple surface scattering antenna elements of the RF signal and the RF array.
22. a kind of antenna comprising:
Antenna feed portion, input cylinder feed wave；
First layer, is coupled to the antenna feed portion and the feeding wave is outside from the feed part and concentrically propagates To in the first layer；
The second layer is coupled to the first layer so that the feeding wave is in the reflection of the edge of the antenna and from the day It is inwardly propagated by the second layer at the edge of line；And
Radio frequency array, i.e. RF array, with multiple surface scattering antenna elements, the RF array is coupled to the second layer, Wherein the RF array includes gap array, and the gap array includes multiple patches and multiple gaps, wherein each gap quilt Tuning under the operating frequency of the antenna to be operated, and the multiple gap is located in multiple rings, the multiple ring phase The feed part or terminal of aerial array are positioned concentrically；
Wherein each of the multiple patch and forms patch with position and separated above the gap in multiple gaps Piece/gap pair, based on applying a voltage in the patch in specified by control model, each patch/gap is to being closed Or open, and
Wherein associated patch of the dielectric layer of liquid crystal in each gap and the multiple patch in the multiple gap it Between；And
Wherein cylinder feedback of each gap in the multiple gap relative to the center position impact in each gap Send wave with+45 degree or -45 degree orientations, so that the gap array includes the direction of propagation rotation relative to cylinder feeding wave Second group of gap in first group of gap of+45 degree and -45 degree of direction of propagation rotation relative to cylinder feeding wave；
Controller, is attached to RF array and can operate and control the multiple surface scattering day to apply the control model Thread elements, wherein being based on the control model, multiple surface scattering antenna elements of the feeding wave and the RF array are mutual It acts on to generate wave beam,
Wherein by using the voltage from the controller dynamically to reconfigure the wave beam, the multiple surface scattering Each surface scattering antenna element of antenna element is tuned to provide desired scattering under given frequency.
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