CN113764894B - Three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna - Google Patents

Three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna Download PDF

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CN113764894B
CN113764894B CN202111064433.XA CN202111064433A CN113764894B CN 113764894 B CN113764894 B CN 113764894B CN 202111064433 A CN202111064433 A CN 202111064433A CN 113764894 B CN113764894 B CN 113764894B
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CN113764894A (en
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朱诚
谭玉龙
岳琴棉
胡靓亮
李冰琪
梁航
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 

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Abstract

A three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna comprises a slotted metal patch, a dielectric substrate, a ground plate and a monopole antenna; the plurality of slotted metal patches are non-periodically arranged on the upper surface of the medium substrate, and the slotted metal patches are not arranged at the center of the upper surface of the medium substrate to form a unit defect; the ground plate is attached to the lower surface of the medium substrate, and the monopole antenna is arranged at the unit defect. The square slotted metal patch units are arranged non-periodically, so that the volume and the weight of the antenna are reduced, the section height is reduced, and the antenna is easy to realize conformal with a carrier. The feed network part of the invention is relatively simple, the design difficulty is reduced, and the loss is reduced.

Description

Three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna.
Background
At present, communication technology is rapidly developed, various wireless communication enters the daily life of people, a plurality of new technologies are generated, and meanwhile, huge challenges are brought. In the military field, whether an airplane or a ship, the RCS of the antenna needs to be reduced to ensure the stealth performance of the antenna besides high requirements on indexes such as gain and polarization of the antenna. Under the condition, a new antenna form is applied, and the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna not only has high gain, but also has the characteristics of low profile and easiness in conformity, can well control the propagation of surface waves and has high flexibility.
The holographic artificial impedance surface antenna is an extension and expansion of an optical holographic technology in the microwave field, and the design method thereof follows the thought of the physical optical holographic technology and converts object waves in optical holographic reproduction into required radiation beams. According to the holographic technology, based on surface impedance modulation, a radiation beam with any design can be obtained under the condition of adding a proper feed source. In the aspect of processing and manufacturing, the antenna does not need a complex feed network, the design difficulty is greatly reduced, the introduction loss is also reduced, and the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna has strong potential advantages.
The prior art discloses a four-beam holographic artificial impedance surface antenna designed by utilizing a scalar impedance modulation surface, wherein four linearly polarized beams are respectively generated by dividing a wave front into four parts, so that the beam forming effect is good; however, the antenna adopts a scalar impedance unit, so that the regulation and control effect on surface waves is limited, the polarization of each beam cannot be independently controlled, and only four beams with the same linear polarization are generated.
The prior art discloses a linearly polarized dual-beam holographic impedance surface antenna, which can generate two beams with the same polarization by a holographic impedance modulation principle. The antenna has the defects that only two wave beams are generated, the polarization of the two wave beams is the same and is linear polarization, and the regulation and control of the polarization characteristic of the wave beams are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna to solve the above problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna comprises a slotted metal patch, a dielectric substrate, a ground plate and a monopole antenna; the plurality of slotted metal patches are non-periodically arranged on the upper surface of the medium substrate, and the slotted metal patches are not arranged at the center of the upper surface of the medium substrate to form a unit defect; the grounding plate is attached to the lower surface of the medium substrate, and the monopole antenna is arranged at the unit defect.
Furthermore, the slotted metal patches are square, 100 × 100 slotted metal patches are non-periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the four slotted metal patches at the unit defect positions are not provided.
Furthermore, the dielectric substrate has a side length of 300mm, a thickness of h =1.6mm, and a relative dielectric constant epsilon r ＝2.2。
Furthermore, a through hole is dug in the center of the dielectric substrate at the unit defect position, the monopole antenna penetrates through the through hole and is connected with an SMA connector.
Furthermore, the sizes of the square slotted metal patches at different positions are different, the slotted angles are also different, and the gap between two adjacent metal patches is g.
Further, the gap g between two adjacent metal patches satisfies the corresponding relationship with the equivalent scalar impedance:
g＝(-3.482×10 -7 )Z 3 +(3.023×10 -4 )Z 2 -0.092×Z+10.04
Figure BDA0003257651520000021
therein
Figure BDA0003257651520000022
Representing equivalent scalar impedance values, X representing the mean impedance, M representing the modulation depth, im representing the imaginary part, and superscript denotes the conjugate.
Furthermore, the periods of the slotted metal patches are all a =3mm, the operating frequency is 20GHz, the number of rows and columns of the non-periodically arranged square slotted metal patches is 100, and the slotted width is 0.2mm.
Furthermore, the monopole antenna is 3.8mm high and 0.375mm in radius.
Further, the side length of all the slotted metal patch matrixes arranged non-periodically is less than the side length of the dielectric substrate = the side length of the grounding plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the square slotted metal patch units are arranged aperiodically, the side length of the whole antenna is 30cm, the thickness is 1.6mm, the volume and the weight of the antenna are small, meanwhile, the source antenna and the impedance surface are positioned on the same plane, a feed source does not need to be placed at the front end of the surface, the section height is reduced, and integration and conformity are easy to realize.
According to the invention, the monopole is used as the source antenna, the SMA head is used for directly feeding the monopole antenna, a complex feeding network is not required to be designed, the design difficulty is reduced, meanwhile, some unnecessary loss is reduced, and the antenna efficiency is improved.
The invention realizes three-beam and independent polarization directional radiation, so that one antenna has channels with different polarizations, can realize the simultaneous receiving and transmitting of different channels, and has potential advantages in the aspects of communication and radar detection.
The square slotted metal patch units are arranged non-periodically, so that the volume and the weight of the antenna are reduced, the section height is reduced, and the antenna is easy to realize conformal with a carrier.
The feed network part of the invention is relatively simple, the design difficulty is reduced, and the loss is reduced.
The invention realizes three-beam and independent polarization directional radiation and has potential advantages in the aspects of communication and radar detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of an antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a return loss plot of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an XOZ plane radiation pattern of the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna at 20GHz according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a YOZ plane radiation pattern of the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna at 20GHz according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna at 20GHz according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna for overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art. The antenna generates directional radiation of three-beam independent polarization by using a monopole antenna center feed through a tensor holographic impedance surface modulation technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna comprises four parts, namely a square slotted metal patch, a medium substrate, a ground plate and a monopole antenna, wherein one surface of the medium substrate is pasted with square slotted metal patch units which are arranged aperiodically, a wave array surface formed by the square slotted metal patch units is arranged into three parts which are respectively used for generating different beams, the other surface of the medium substrate is pasted with the ground plate, a through hole is formed in the center of the medium substrate, and one monopole antenna penetrates through the medium substrate to feed the whole holographic artificial impedance surface.
The three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna is characterized in that: the period of each square slotted metal patch unit is a =3mm, the working frequency is 20GHz, the number of rows and columns of the non-periodically arranged square slotted metal patches is 100, the slotted width is fixed and is 0.2mm
The three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna is characterized in that: all the square slotted metal patches are non-periodically arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and the grounding plate is attached to the other surface of the dielectric substrate.
The three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna is characterized in that: the dielectric substrate adopts F4B with the dielectric constant of 2.2, the thickness h =1.6mm, and the length and the width are both 300mm.
The three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna is characterized in that: the feeding of the whole antenna is completed by the monopole antenna at the center. And a through hole is formed in the center of the dielectric substrate, so that the designed monopole antenna passes through the through hole, and one side of the monopole antenna is connected with the grounding plate. The monopole antenna is 3.8mm high and 0.375mm in radius.
The sizes of the square slotted metal patches at different positions are different, the slotted angles are also different, the gap between two adjacent metal patches is g, and g changes along with the working frequency and the position of the square slotted metal patch.
The method for obtaining g comprises the following steps:
step 1, extracting impedance of a metal patch unit, wherein the metal patch unit comprises a square slotted metal patch, a dielectric substrate and a grounding plate, and the side lengths of the dielectric substrate and the grounding plate are respectively a unit period a =3mm.
Obtaining the corresponding relation between the patch unit gap g and the equivalent scalar impedance:
g＝(-3.482×10 -7 )Z 3 +(3.023×10 -4 )Z 2 -0.092×Z+10.04
step 2, holographic impedance surface wave psi according to monopole antenna r And the radiation wave field J of the antenna surf 、Ψ o1 、Ψ o2 、Ψ o3 The expressions are respectively:
Figure BDA0003257651520000051
Figure BDA0003257651520000052
Figure BDA0003257651520000053
Figure BDA0003257651520000054
step 1, extracting impedance of a metal patch unit, wherein the metal patch unit comprises a square slotted metal patch, a dielectric substrate and a grounding plate, and the side lengths of the dielectric substrate and the grounding plate are respectively a unit period a =3mm.
Where x and y are the abscissa and ordinate of the square slotted patch element,
Figure BDA0003257651520000055
representing the vector position of each cell on the anisotropic surface,
Figure BDA0003257651520000056
for the designed lateral propagation constant on the holographic artificial impedance surface,
Figure BDA0003257651520000057
representing propagation constants of free space, of which
Figure BDA0003257651520000058
Indicating the azimuth and elevation angles of the designed right-hand circularly polarized beam,
Figure BDA0003257651520000059
to indicate psi o1 The wave vector of (a) is,
Figure BDA00032576515200000510
indicating the azimuth and elevation angles of the designed left-handed circularly polarized beam,
Figure BDA00032576515200000511
to indicate psi o2 The wave vector of (a) is,
Figure BDA00032576515200000512
to indicate psi o3 (X-ray polarized beam, exit angle
Figure BDA00032576515200000513
The wave vector of (2). And calculating surface impedance values of the patch units at different positions through holographic surface impedance modulation:
Figure BDA00032576515200000514
therein are
Figure BDA00032576515200000515
Representing equivalent scalar impedance values, X representing average impedance, M representing modulation depth, im representing taking the imaginary part, and superscript denotes taking the conjugate.
And 3, substituting the equivalent scalar impedance value obtained in the step 2 into the step 1, and obtaining the corresponding value of g at each position according to the equivalent scalar impedance values at different positions.
Example (b):
the embodiment provides a three-beam multi-independent-polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna, the top view of which is shown in fig. 1, and the side view of which is shown in fig. 2, and the three-beam multi-independent-polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna comprises square slotted patch units which are arranged non-periodically, a dielectric substrate, a ground plate and a monopole antenna. Wherein:
the holographic artificial impedance surface comprises square slotted metal patches 1 which are arranged in a 100 multiplied by 100 non-periodic mode, a medium substrate 2 with a through hole in the center, a grounding plate 3 and a monopole antenna 4; four square slotted metal patch units of the non-periodically arranged square slotted metal patches 1 at the center of the antenna are defective; the square slotted metal patch 1 is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and the ground plate 3 is attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2; the dielectric substrate 2 has a side length of 300mm, a thickness h =1.6mm, and a relative dielectric constant ε r =2.2; the size of the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna array surface is 300mm multiplied by 300mm, the number of the initial units is 100 multiplied by 100, 4 square slotted metal patches are damaged at the center feed position, and the number of the final units is 9996.
The feed is connected by a monopole antenna 4 and an SMA joint, and the monopole feed source 4 is positioned at the center of the holographic artificial impedance surface array surface, namely the defect positions of the four square slotted metal patch units.
The sizes and the slotting angles of the square slotted metal patches at different positions are different, the gap between different adjacent units is g, and the slotting angle of the patches is equal to the included angle between the long axis of the ellipse where the maximum value of the equivalent scalar impedance is located and the x axis.
Step 1, extracting impedance of a metal patch unit, wherein the metal patch unit comprises a square slotted metal patch, a dielectric substrate and a grounding plate, and the side lengths of the dielectric substrate and the grounding plate are respectively a unit period a =3mm.
Obtaining the corresponding relation between the patch unit gap g and the equivalent scalar impedance:
g＝(-3.482×10 -7 )Z 3 +(3.023×10 -4 )Z 2 -0.092×Z+10.04
step 2, holographic impedance surface wave psi according to monopole antenna r And the radiation wave field J of the antenna surf 、Ψ o1 、Ψ o2 、Ψ o3 The expressions are respectively:
Figure BDA0003257651520000061
Figure BDA0003257651520000062
Figure BDA0003257651520000063
Figure BDA0003257651520000064
x and y in the above formula are respectively the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the square slotted patch unit,
Figure BDA0003257651520000065
representing the vector position of each element on the anisotropic surface,
Figure BDA0003257651520000071
for the designed lateral propagation constant on the holographic artificial impedance surface,
Figure BDA0003257651520000072
representing propagation constants of free space, of which
Figure BDA0003257651520000073
Indicating the azimuth and elevation angles of the designed right-hand circularly polarized beam,
Figure BDA0003257651520000074
to indicate psi o1 The wave vector of (a) is,
Figure BDA0003257651520000075
indicating the azimuth and elevation angles of the designed left-handed circularly polarized beam,
Figure BDA0003257651520000076
to indicate psi o2 The wave vector of (a) is,
Figure BDA0003257651520000077
to indicate psi o3 (X-ray polarized beam, exit angle
Figure BDA0003257651520000078
The wave vector of (2). And calculating surface impedance values of the patch units at different positions through holographic surface impedance modulation:
Figure BDA0003257651520000079
therein
Figure BDA00032576515200000710
Representing equivalent scalar impedance values, X representing average impedance, M representing modulation depth, im representing taking the imaginary part, and superscript denotes taking the conjugate.
And 3, substituting the equivalent scalar impedance value obtained in the step 2 into the step 1, and obtaining the corresponding value of g at each position according to the equivalent scalar impedance values at different positions.
The return loss of the embodiment of the invention is simulated, and the result is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from the return loss curve chart of fig. 3, the return loss S11 of the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna of the invention working at 20GHz is less than-15 dB, and the working state of the antenna is good.
Fig. 4 shows the radiation pattern of 20GHz XOZ plane of the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the main beam direction is normal 28.5 degrees, the gain is 10.61Db, and the linear polarization characteristic is good. Here, the 30 degrees is not strict to be the coupling effect between the patches
Fig. 5 is a radiation pattern of a YOZ plane of the holographic artificial impedance surface antenna at 20GHz, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that there are two main beams, and the right-hand circular polarization component is greater than the left-hand circular polarization component by 21.33dB at the position where the gain of the left-hand beam is maximum, so that the axial ratio is good, and the right-hand circular polarization characteristic is good. The left-hand circular polarization component at the position with the maximum right-side wave beam gain is larger than the right-hand circular polarization component 22.73Db, the axial ratio is good, and the left-hand circular polarization characteristic is good.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of a 20GHz holographic artificial impedance surface antenna, three beams can be seen, and the multi-beam design is verified.

Claims (7)

1. A three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna is characterized by comprising a slotted metal patch (1), a dielectric substrate (2), a ground plate (3) and a monopole antenna (4); the plurality of slotted metal patches (1) are non-periodically arranged on the upper surface of the medium substrate (2), and the slotted metal patches (1) are not arranged at the center of the upper surface of the medium substrate (2) to form a unit defect; the grounding plate (3) is attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (2), and the monopole antenna (4) is arranged at the position of the unit defect;
the sizes of the square slotted metal patches at different positions are different, the slotted angles are also different, and the gap between two adjacent metal patches is g;
the gap g between two adjacent metal patches satisfies the corresponding relation with the equivalent scalar impedance:
g＝(-3.482×10 -7 )Z 3 +(3.023×10 -4 )Z 2 -0.092×Z+10.04
Figure FDA0003834730280000011
therein
Figure FDA0003834730280000012
Representing an equivalent scalar impedance value, X representing an average impedance, M representing a modulation depth, im representing taking an imaginary part, and superscript X representing taking a conjugate; Ψ 0 Representing the radiation wave field of the antenna, split into Ψ according to the polarization o1 、Ψ o2 、Ψ o3 Respectively representing antenna radiation field waves corresponding to right-hand circular polarization, left-hand circular polarization and linear polarization;
Figure FDA0003834730280000013
Figure FDA0003834730280000014
Figure FDA0003834730280000015
Figure FDA0003834730280000016
to indicate psi o1 The wave vector of (a) is,
Figure FDA0003834730280000017
indicating the azimuth and elevation angles of the designed left-handed circularly polarized beam,
Figure FDA0003834730280000018
to indicate psi o2 The wave vector of (a) is,
Figure FDA0003834730280000019
to indicate psi o3 (X-ray polarized beam, exit angle
Figure FDA00038347302800000110
The wave vector of (2).
2. The holographic artificial impedance surface antenna with three independent beam polarizations as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slotted metal patches (1) are square, 100 x 100 slotted metal patches (1) are non-periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate (2), and four slotted metal patches (1) at the cell defect are not provided.
3. The three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate has a side length of 300mm, a thickness of h =1.6mm, and a relative dielectric constant ∈ r ＝2.2。
4. The holographic artificial impedance antenna with three independent beam polarizations as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate at the defect of the element is centrally perforated, the monopole antenna is arranged through the perforated hole, and the monopole antenna (4) is connected with an SMA connector.
5. The holographic artificial impedance surface antenna with three independent beam polarizations as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slot metal patch (1) has a period of a =3mm, an operating frequency of 20GHz, the number of rows and columns of non-periodically arranged square slot metal patches is 100, and the slot width is 0.2mm.
6. A three-beam independently polarized holographic artificial impedance surface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the monopole antenna (4) is 3.8mm high and 0.375mm radius.
7. A three-beam independent polarization holographic artificial impedance surface antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the side length of the front of all non-periodically arranged slotted metal patches (1) < the side length of the dielectric substrate (2) = the side length of the ground plane (3).
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