JP2000341027A - Patch antenna system - Google Patents
Patch antenna systemInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000341027A JP2000341027A JP11147512A JP14751299A JP2000341027A JP 2000341027 A JP2000341027 A JP 2000341027A JP 11147512 A JP11147512 A JP 11147512A JP 14751299 A JP14751299 A JP 14751299A JP 2000341027 A JP2000341027 A JP 2000341027A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- patch
- liquid crystal
- antenna
- crystal layer
- electric field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、電波の送受信装
置のアンテナに係り、特に、パッチアンテナ装置に関す
るものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an antenna of a radio wave transmitting / receiving device, and more particularly to a patch antenna device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】パッチアンテナ装置は、従来より衛星放
送受信用の平面アンテナ（例えば、村田孝雄，王丸謙
治：“２層構造による衛星放送受信用平面アンテナ",Ｎ
ＨＫ技研Ｒ＆Ｄ，No.7，pp.45 −55，Nov.1989) や、人
工衛星への送信用平面アンテナ（例えば、T.Murata,H.M
itsumoto, H.Fujita,S.Tanaka, k.Takano, k.Imai and
N.Toyama: “Portable Digital Satellite News Gathe
ring(SNG) RF Terminal using a Flat Antenna" ,IEIC
E Trans.on Communications,vol.E77-B,No.12,pp.1501-
1510,Dec.1994)などとして利用されている。図２には、
従来装置のパッチアンテナ部分の構造を示す。誘電体基
板６の両面には、銅箔などの導体薄膜が張り付けられて
おり、裏面の導体薄膜はグランド部３、表面の導体薄膜
はエッチングなどの方法により矩形あるいは円形に加工
されて、アンテナ素子として働くパッチ部２となる。パ
ッチ部２へは給電線を通して高周波を給電する。パッチ
部２の寸法ａは、使用周波数の共振波長λｇの約１／２
に設定され、放射効率を決める寸法ｂもほぼλｇ／２に
設定されている。このようにパッチアンテナは、パッチ
部２を使用する周波数に共振させて効率良く空間に電波
を放射させるために、使用する高周波の波長に合わせた
寸法で形成されており、広い周波数帯を１つのアンテナ
でカバーすることは難しい。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a patch antenna device has been used as a planar antenna for receiving satellite broadcasting (for example, Takao Murata, Kenji Oomaru: "Planar antenna for receiving satellite broadcasting with a two-layer structure", N.
HK Giken R & D, No. 7, pp. 45-55, Nov. 1989) and a planar antenna for transmission to an artificial satellite (for example, T. Murata, HM
itsumoto, H. Fujita, S. Tanaka, k. Takano, k. Imai and
N.Toyama: “Portable Digital Satellite News Gathe
ring (SNG) RF Terminal using a Flat Antenna ", IEIC
E Trans.on Communications, vol.E77-B, No.12, pp.1501-
1510, Dec. 1994). In FIG.
2 shows a structure of a patch antenna portion of a conventional device. A conductive thin film such as a copper foil is adhered to both surfaces of the dielectric substrate 6, the conductive thin film on the back surface is processed into a rectangular or circular shape by a method such as etching, and the conductive thin film on the front surface is processed into a rectangular or circular shape by etching or the like. The patch unit 2 works as a patch. High-frequency power is supplied to the patch section 2 through a power supply line. The dimension “a” of the patch section 2 is about の of the resonance wavelength λg of the operating frequency.
, And the dimension b that determines the radiation efficiency is also set to approximately λg / 2. As described above, the patch antenna is formed to have a size corresponding to the wavelength of the high frequency used in order to resonate the patch section 2 at the frequency used and efficiently radiate radio waves into space. It is difficult to cover with an antenna.
【０００３】この問題を解決するための手段としては、
一般に、パッチアンテナを構成する誘電体基板の厚さを
厚くしたり、誘電率の低い誘電体基板を用いて、パッチ
の共振Ｑ値を小さくしパッチアンテナを広帯域化する方
法が考えられる。またあるいは、パッチ部周辺に第２の
平面導体を配置し、これをパッチ部とスイッチ素子で接
続し、スイッチを電気的にオン／オフ制御することによ
って、複数の周波数に対応できるようにしたパッチアン
テナ（例えば、特開平１０−１９０３４７号）も提案さ
れている。[0003] As a means for solving this problem,
In general, a method of increasing the thickness of the dielectric substrate constituting the patch antenna or using a dielectric substrate having a low dielectric constant to reduce the resonance Q value of the patch and broaden the band of the patch antenna can be considered. Alternatively, a second planar conductor is arranged around the patch section, connected to the patch section by a switch element, and electrically controlled to turn on / off the switch, so that the patch can cope with a plurality of frequencies. An antenna (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-190347) has also been proposed.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】パッチアンテナは使用
する周波数に共振させるように構成されているため、あ
る特定の周波数でしか使うことができない。従って、広
い周波数帯あるいは複数の周波数を１つのアンテナでカ
バーすることは難しい。Since the patch antenna is configured to resonate at the frequency to be used, it can be used only at a specific frequency. Therefore, it is difficult to cover a wide frequency band or a plurality of frequencies with one antenna.
【０００５】そこで本発明の目的は、広い周波数帯ある
いは複数の周波数を１つのアンテナで容易にカバーでき
るパッチアンテナ装置およびかかるパッチアンテナをア
レイ状に配列したアレイアンテナ装置を提供せんとする
ものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a patch antenna device capable of easily covering a wide frequency band or a plurality of frequencies with one antenna, and an array antenna device in which such patch antennas are arranged in an array. .
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】この目的を達成するた
め、本発明パッチアンテナ装置は、パッチ部とアース電
位にセットされたグランド基板との間に介在される誘電
体基板としての液晶層と、該液晶層に可変電界を印加す
るための可変電界印加手段とを具え、該可変電界印加手
段により前記液晶層に印加する電界の大きさおよび／ま
たは方向を変化させ、前記液晶層の誘電率を変化させ、
前記パッチアンテナが複数の周波数に対応できるよう構
成されたことを特徴とするものである。また、本発明パ
ッチアレイアンテナ装置は、前記パッチアンテナを複数
個アレイ状に配列してアレイアンテナとし、任意の周波
数に同調できるよう構成されたことを特徴とするもので
ある。In order to achieve this object, a patch antenna device according to the present invention comprises a liquid crystal layer as a dielectric substrate interposed between a patch portion and a ground substrate set to a ground potential; Variable electric field applying means for applying a variable electric field to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the magnitude and / or direction of the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer is changed by the variable electric field applying means, and the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer is changed. Change
The patch antenna is configured to be compatible with a plurality of frequencies. Further, the patch array antenna device according to the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the patch antennas are arranged in an array to form an array antenna and can be tuned to an arbitrary frequency.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明装置によれば、従来装置の
パッチアンテナ部分の誘電体基板６が、印加電界により
その誘電率が変化する液晶層１で置換された形態になっ
ており、さらに可変電界印加手段を具えているので、広
い周波数帯あるいは複数の周波数を１つのアンテナで容
易にカバーできるパッチアンテナ装置を提供することが
できる。パッチアンテナのパッチ部の寸法ａは、使用周
波数ｆの共振波長λｇの約１／２に設定され、放射効率
を決める寸法ｂもほぼλｇ／２に設定される。つまり、
一度パッチの寸法を決めてしまうと従来装置ではλｇも
決まってしまう。ここでｆとλｇとの関係は光の速度を
Ｃとすると、According to the device of the present invention, the dielectric substrate 6 in the patch antenna portion of the conventional device is replaced with the liquid crystal layer 1 whose dielectric constant changes by an applied electric field. The provision of the variable electric field applying means makes it possible to provide a patch antenna device that can easily cover a wide frequency band or a plurality of frequencies with one antenna. The dimension a of the patch portion of the patch antenna is set to about の of the resonance wavelength λg of the operating frequency f, and the dimension b that determines the radiation efficiency is also set to about λg / 2. That is,
Once the dimensions of the patch are determined, the conventional device also determines λg. Here, the relationship between f and λg is given assuming that the speed of light is C.
【数１】 で表わされる。εeff はパッチの等価誘電率で、パッチ
の形状、誘電体基板の厚さや誘電率εにより決まる。 λ
ｇを一定に保ったまま使用周波数f を変化させるために
は、(1)式よりεeff を変化させればよいことがわかる。
従って基板の誘電率εを変化させればよいことがわか
る。ところで、液晶の誘電率には異方性があるため、分
子の配向が変化するとパッチアンテナに励振される電波
が感じる誘電率が変化する。そこで従来のパッチアンテ
ナの誘電体基板部分に液晶を用いれば、液晶分子の配向
を変化させることにより、パッチアンテナの共振周波数
が変化し、使用周波数ｆを変えることができる。液晶分
子の配向は、パッチに直流あるいは低周波電圧を重畳さ
せ、その方向や大きさを変化させることにより制御でき
る。(Equation 1) Is represented by ε eff is the equivalent permittivity of the patch and is determined by the shape of the patch, the thickness of the dielectric substrate, and the permittivity ε. λ
From equation (1), it can be seen that ε eff should be changed in order to change the working frequency f while keeping g constant.
Therefore, it is understood that the dielectric constant ε of the substrate should be changed. By the way, since the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is anisotropic, when the orientation of the molecule changes, the dielectric constant felt by the radio wave excited by the patch antenna changes. Therefore, if liquid crystal is used for the dielectric substrate portion of the conventional patch antenna, the resonance frequency of the patch antenna changes by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, and the used frequency f can be changed. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by superimposing a DC or low-frequency voltage on the patch and changing the direction and size thereof.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下添付図面を参照し実施例により本発明の
実施の形態を詳細に説明する。液晶を用いた本発明パッ
チアンテナ装置の構成例を図１に示す。本発明パッチア
ンテナ装置は、液晶層１、パッチ部２、グランド基板
３、ガラス基板４および可変電界印加手段としての可変
電源５を含む。ガラス基板４の裏面には、辺の長さａ、
ｂとした矩形のパッチ部２がつけられている。このパッ
チ部２は、蒸着などの方法によりガラス板に付けられた
導体薄膜で、エッチングなどの方法で加工される。液晶
層１をグランド基板３とガラス基板４の隙間に封入する
ことにより、液晶層１を誘電体基板の代案とした本発明
パッチアンテナ装置が構成できる。制御電源５は、本発
明パッチアンテナ装置の使用周波数に応じて調整された
直流、あるいは低周波電圧信号を、パッチ部２とグラン
ド基板３の間に印加する。この電圧に応じて液晶層１の
誘電率εが変化しパッチ部２の共振周波数が変化し、
（１）式に示したようにパッチアンテナの使用周波数ｆ
を調整することができる。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of the patch antenna device of the present invention using a liquid crystal. The patch antenna device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal layer 1, a patch unit 2, a ground substrate 3, a glass substrate 4, and a variable power source 5 as a variable electric field applying unit. On the back surface of the glass substrate 4, a side length a,
A rectangular patch portion 2 is attached. The patch section 2 is a conductive thin film attached to a glass plate by a method such as vapor deposition and is processed by a method such as etching. By enclosing the liquid crystal layer 1 in the gap between the ground substrate 3 and the glass substrate 4, the patch antenna device of the present invention in which the liquid crystal layer 1 is used as an alternative to the dielectric substrate can be configured. The control power supply 5 applies a DC or low-frequency voltage signal adjusted according to the operating frequency of the patch antenna device of the present invention between the patch section 2 and the ground substrate 3. The dielectric constant ε of the liquid crystal layer 1 changes according to this voltage, and the resonance frequency of the patch section 2 changes,
As shown in equation (1), the operating frequency f of the patch antenna
Can be adjusted.
【０００９】液晶層１で使用される液晶は、高周波に対
して誘電率異方性を有し、細長い液晶分子の長軸方向の
誘電率は短軸方向のものに比べて高い。その誘電率異方
性は可能な限り使用周波数の範囲を大きく変化できるた
め、誘電率異方性が大きなネマティック液晶、コレステ
リック液晶、スメクティック液晶、またはこれら液晶の
混合液晶を選択して用いることができる。ただし、高速
性を得るには低粘性かつ高弾性のネマティック液晶が適
している。特に、屈折率異方性の大きなシアノビフェニ
ル系、ターフェニル系、ピリジン系、ピリミジン系およ
びトラン系のネマティック液晶が最適である。一方、ス
メクティック液晶を用いる場合には、自発分極を有して
高速応答を示す強誘電性液晶が有用である。一方、これ
らの液晶を包含するための樹脂としては、アクリル樹
脂、メタクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、ポ
リスチレン、ポリビニールアルコール、またはこれらの
共重合体（例えばアクリル・ウレタン共重合体）などが
適当である。The liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal layer 1 has a dielectric anisotropy with respect to a high frequency, and the dielectric constant in the long axis direction of the elongated liquid crystal molecules is higher than that in the short axis direction. Since the dielectric anisotropy can change the range of the frequency of use as much as possible, a nematic liquid crystal, a cholesteric liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal, or a mixed liquid crystal of these liquid crystals having a large dielectric anisotropy can be selected and used. . However, a nematic liquid crystal having low viscosity and high elasticity is suitable for obtaining high speed. In particular, cyanobiphenyl-based, terphenyl-based, pyridine-based, pyrimidine-based and tolan-based nematic liquid crystals having large refractive index anisotropy are most suitable. On the other hand, when a smectic liquid crystal is used, a ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization and exhibiting a high-speed response is useful. On the other hand, as a resin for containing these liquid crystals, an acrylic resin, a methacrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, or a copolymer thereof (for example, an acrylic urethane copolymer) is suitable. It is.
【００１０】なお、本実施例ではパッチ部の形を矩形と
したが，本発明によるパッチアンテナのパッチ部の形は
矩形に制限されることなく、円形、その他の形でも本発
明を適用することができる。また、使用する液晶層は、
本実施例で示した純粋な液晶のみならず、液晶が小滴状
もしくは連通状態で樹脂に分散された構造の液晶・樹脂
複合体（J.W.Doane,N.A.Vaz,B.G.Wu and S.Zumer:"Fiel
d controlled light scattering from nematic microdr
oplets",Appl.Phys.Lett.,vol.48,no.4,pp.269-271(198
6)) とすることもできる。また、図３に示すように、本
発明によるパッチアンテナを配列してアレイアンテナを
構成することによって、任意の周波数に同調できるアレ
イアンテナ装置を容易に実現することもできる。図３図
示の液晶層１、パッチ部２、グランド基板３、ガラス基
板４、可変電源５、バイアスＴ７および送信機８は図１
図示のそれらと同一の作用をするものであり、パッチ部
２がアレイ状に多数配列されている点および給電線９が
配線されている点のみが図１と異なるものである。In this embodiment, the shape of the patch portion is rectangular. However, the shape of the patch portion of the patch antenna according to the present invention is not limited to a rectangle, and the present invention is applicable to a circular shape and other shapes. Can be. The liquid crystal layer used is
In addition to the pure liquid crystal shown in this embodiment, a liquid crystal / resin composite (JWDoane, NAVaz, BGWu and S. Zumer: "Fiel") having a structure in which the liquid crystal is dispersed in a resin in the form of droplets or communication.
d controlled light scattering from nematic microdr
oplets ", Appl.Phys.Lett., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 269-271 (198
6)). Also, as shown in FIG. 3, by arranging the patch antennas according to the present invention to form an array antenna, an array antenna device that can be tuned to an arbitrary frequency can be easily realized. The liquid crystal layer 1, patch section 2, ground substrate 3, glass substrate 4, variable power supply 5, bias T7 and transmitter 8 shown in FIG.
It has the same function as those shown in the figure, and differs from FIG. 1 only in that a large number of patches 2 are arranged in an array and that a feeder line 9 is wired.
【００１１】以上いくつかの簡潔な実施例構成について
図面を参照し、本発明の実施の形態について説明してき
たが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されることなく、特
許請求の範囲に記載された発明の要旨内で各種の変形、
変更の可能なことは自明であろう。While the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings for some simple embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments but is described in the claims. Various modifications within the gist of the invention,
It is obvious that changes are possible.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の効果】本発明パッチアンテナ装置によれば、可
変電源の電圧を調整することで液晶の誘電率を変化させ
ることにより、パッチの共振周波数を調整して、アンテ
ナの使用周波数を所望の周波数に合わせることができ
る。その結果、従来のように別個のアンテナを用いるこ
となく、広い周波数帯あるいは複数の周波数に対応する
ことができる。また、パッチの共振周波数を調整する機
能を積極的に用いれば、アンテナを所望の周波数に同調
させ、それ以外の周波数の電波（妨害波、スプリアス
波）をアンテナの段階で除去することができる。According to the patch antenna apparatus of the present invention, the resonance frequency of the patch is adjusted by changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal by adjusting the voltage of the variable power supply, and the operating frequency of the antenna is changed to the desired frequency. Can be adjusted to As a result, it is possible to cope with a wide frequency band or a plurality of frequencies without using a separate antenna as in the related art. If the function of adjusting the resonance frequency of the patch is used positively, the antenna can be tuned to a desired frequency, and radio waves (interference waves and spurious waves) of other frequencies can be removed at the stage of the antenna.
【図１】 本発明パッチアンテナ装置実施例の構成図FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a patch antenna device of the present invention.
【図２】 従来のパッチアンテナ構成例FIG. 2 shows an example of a conventional patch antenna configuration
【図３】 本発明のパッチアンテナを用いたアレイアン
テナ装置実施例の構成図FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of an array antenna device using the patch antenna of the present invention.
１ 液晶層 ２ パッチ部 ３ グランド基板 ４ ガラス基板 ５ 可変電源 ６ 誘電体基板 ７ バイアスＴ ８ 送信機 ９ 給電線 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Liquid crystal layer 2 Patch part 3 Ground substrate 4 Glass substrate 5 Variable power supply 6 Dielectric substrate 7 Bias T8 Transmitter 9 Feeding line
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 5J021 AA01 AA05 AA09 AB06 CA03 FA32 HA05 JA02 JA03 5J045 AA02 AA03 DA10 EA07 FA02 GA03 GA05 HA03 LA01 MA07 NA01 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 5J021 AA01 AA05 AA09 AB06 CA03 FA32 HA05 JA02 JA03 5J045 AA02 AA03 DA10 EA07 FA02 GA03 GA05 HA03 LA01 MA07 NA01
Claims (2)
ランド基板との間に介在される誘電体基板としての液晶
層と、該液晶層に可変電界を印加するための可変電界印
加手段とを具え、該可変電界印加手段により前記液晶層
に印加する電界の大きさおよび／または方向を変化さ
せ、前記液晶層の誘電率を変化させ、前記パッチアンテ
ナが複数の周波数に対応できるよう構成されたことを特
徴とするパッチアンテナ装置。1. A liquid crystal layer serving as a dielectric substrate interposed between a patch section and a ground substrate set to a ground potential, and a variable electric field applying means for applying a variable electric field to the liquid crystal layer. The magnitude and / or direction of the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer by the variable electric field applying means is changed to change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer, so that the patch antenna can cope with a plurality of frequencies. A patch antenna device characterized by the above-mentioned.
アレイ状に配列してアレイアンテナとし、任意の周波数
に同調できるよう構成されたことを特徴とするパッチア
レイアンテナ装置。2. A patch array antenna device, wherein a plurality of patch antennas according to claim 1 are arranged in an array to form an array antenna, and tuned to an arbitrary frequency.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11147512A JP2000341027A (en) | 1999-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Patch antenna system |
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| JP11147512A JP2000341027A (en) | 1999-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Patch antenna system |
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| JP2000341027A true JP2000341027A (en) | 2000-12-08 |
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