CN105952422A - Perforating method for hydraulic fracturing experiment and hydraulic fracturing experiment method - Google Patents
Perforating method for hydraulic fracturing experiment and hydraulic fracturing experiment method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105952422A CN105952422A CN201610397732.8A CN201610397732A CN105952422A CN 105952422 A CN105952422 A CN 105952422A CN 201610397732 A CN201610397732 A CN 201610397732A CN 105952422 A CN105952422 A CN 105952422A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- perforating
- hydraulic fracturing
- perforation
- fracturing experiments
- methods
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 44
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003978 infusion fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006101 laboratory sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a perforating method for a hydraulic fracturing experiment and a hydraulic fracturing experiment method, and relates to a hydraulic fracturing production increasing technology in oil and gas field development, wherein the perforating method for the hydraulic fracturing experiment comprises the following steps: step A: determining the penetration depth required by perforation operation according to a hydraulic fracturing experimental scheme, wherein the penetration depth is less than or equal to 30 cm; and B: designing and manufacturing a perforating charge according to the penetration depth, and mounting the perforating charge on a perforating gun; and C: and (3) perforating the rock sample for the hydraulic fracturing experiment by using a perforating bullet and a perforating gun. The invention can carry out real perforation on the rock sample for the hydraulic fracturing experiment, ensure the integrity of the sample and smoothly carry out the subsequent fracturing experiment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Fracturing in oil-gas field development, particularly to one for hydraulic fracturing experiments
Perforating methods and a kind of hydraulic fracturing experiments method.
Background technology
Fracture technology is the important technical realizing the economical and efficient exploitation of unconventionaloil pool field, exists from nineteen forty-seven
Since the success of Kan. pressure break first, reconstruction of oil and gas pools and the important measures increased production and improved productivity are had become as.
Fracturing utilizes ground high-pressure pump exactly, is had the fracturing fluid of viscosity higher to oil reservoir squeezing by pit shaft.When
When the speed of injection fracturing fluid exceedes the absorbability of oil reservoir, then on the oil reservoir of shaft bottom, form the highest pressure, when this
When pressure exceedes the fracture pressure of reservoir rock near shaft bottom, oil reservoir will be pressed off and be produced crack.At this moment, continue not
Squeezing fracturing fluid to oil reservoir with stopping, crack will continue to oil reservoir interior expansion.Open to keep the crack pressed off to be in
Open state, then clamp-ons the load fluid with proppant (usual quartz sand) to oil reservoir, after load fluid enters crack,
On the one hand crack can be made to continue to extend forward, on the other hand can support the crack pressed off so that it is be unlikely and close
Close.Followed by injecting displacement fluid, the load fluid of pit shaft is all replaced entrance crack, with quartz sand, fracture support is risen
Come.Finally, the high viscosity fracturing fluid of injection can be degraded outside discharge pit shaft automatically, leaves one or more in oil reservoir
The crack that length does not waits, makes to set up a new fluid passage between oil reservoir and pit shaft.After pressure break, oil
Gas well yield typically can increase substantially.
Wherein, perforating technology is as the important step of oil gas well completion engineering, to hydraulically created fracture crack initiation be expanded with
Important impact.Perforation refers in Completion Operations, uses special cumulative equipment to enter well predetermined level and explodes
Perforate allows the activity of fluid-entering aperture eye in down-hole formation, is the important process getting through oil flow channel.Perforation
Directly affect hydraulically created fracture crack initiation and extension.Perforating parameter mainly include perforating depth (also referred to as penetration depth),
Aperture, Kong Mi, phase place and arrangement mode etc..About perforating parameter for hydraulically created fracture crack initiation and the impact of extension,
Years of researches and optimization are carried out.
In succession have employed numerical simulation and physical simulation experiment two ways both at home and abroad, the different perforating parameter of research is to waterpower
Fracturing stratum fracture pressure and the impact of fracture pattern.Wherein, numerical simulation study is mainly based upon the mechanics reason of classics
Opinion, but lack effective laboratory facilities and verified.Recent domestic scholar starts with physical simulation experiment, comes
Investigate the impact that perforation fracture crack initiation extends.Physical simulation experiment is primarily referred to as indoor hydraulic fracturing experiments, in experiment
Simulation stratum condition in room, the actual physics process of fracture extension is monitored, and carries out actual sight to forming crack
Examine.
In current indoor hydraulic fracturing experiments, simulate the method for perforation in Oil/gas Well, mainly use steel pipe,
The hard materials such as pvc pipe are prefabricated carrys out analogue perforation eyelet in cement rock sample.Owing to the duct of perforation is to have above-mentioned steel
The hard materials such as pipe are formed, it is impossible to true analogue perforation eyelet contacts situation with rock sample；Simultaneously when experiment,
Crack needs through above-mentioned hard material, and the mechanical property of these hard materials and rock exists huge difference, pole
The big crack initiation that have impact on crack and extension, also cannot simulate the impact of true perforation blasting effect fracture crack initiation, because of
This, be unfavorable for the observation of experimental phenomena, and its experimental result there is also larger difference with scene is actual.
Use perforating gun that the cement rock sample poured is carried out true perforation, it is possible to reduce prefabricated hard material is to testing
Journey and the impact of result.But cannot directly true perforation be applied at present on the sample of indoor hydraulic fracturing experiments, because of
It has a unsurmountable technological deficiency: although perforating technology itself is highly developed, but perforating parameter is all on-the-spot
Rank, when using on-site parameters to carry out perforation, its perforating depth all physics in more than 0.5m, laboratory is real
Testing sample and cannot resist the strongest impulsive force, after perforation, sample is easily broken, and ultimately results in and cannot be carried out next step in fact
Test.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of can have the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments, it is possible to realize in the sample
True perforation, and ensure the integrity of sample and follow-up fracturing experiments can be carried out smoothly.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide and a kind of can more truly reflect the perforation blasting effect shadow for fracture initiation
The hydraulic fracturing experiments method rung.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments, wherein, described side
Method includes:
Step A: determine the penetration depth that perforating job need to reach, described penetration depth according to hydraulic fracturing experiments scheme
Less than or equal to 30cm；
Step B: according to the design of described penetration depth and manufacture perforating bullet, and described perforating bullet is arranged on perforating gun；
Step C: utilize described perforating bullet and described perforating gun, is carried out the rock sample of described hydraulic fracturing experiments
Perforation.
The perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, described perforating bullet include shell case, powder column and
Cavity liner, in described powder column is arranged at described shell case and is compressed by described cavity liner, and described step B includes:
Step B1: the structure of described cavity liner is carried out numerical simulation according to described penetration depth；
Step B2: carry out true perforation experiment, according to the result of described true perforation experiment and described numerical simulation
Result determines the final structure of described cavity liner；
Step B4: manufacture described cavity liner according to described final structure；
Step B5: described powder column and described cavity liner are press-fited in described shell case, completes the manufacture of described perforating bullet.
Perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, described step B4 includes: according to described
Final structure selects to form the material of described cavity liner, and ensures that the granule grain class distribution of described material is uniform；Utilize number
Control automatic rotary powder equipment carries out revolving powder and is made into powder part the granule of described material；By secondary pressing process by institute
State powder part and be pressed into described cavity liner.
The perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, described step B1 is particularly as follows: based on stream
The broken first engineering calculation of body distortion of elastic-plastic theory and experiment basis data, set up numerical simulation based on Finite Element Method,
Preforation tunnel form is simulated.
Perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, described method also includes being arranged on step C
Step D before:
Be processed the rock sample of fracturing experiments and hole formation well, is fixed in described well by pit shaft.
Perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, the external diameter of described perforating gun is less than described well
The internal diameter of cylinder, described perforating gun is connected by adapter with the well head of described pit shaft and fixes.
Perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, the external diameter of described pit shaft is 73mm, institute
The well cementation section degree of depth stating pit shaft is 530mm.
Perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, the described rock sample after processing is hexahedro
Body block, its length, width and height are respectively 762mm, 762mm and 914mm.
The perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, with described perforating gun gradually perforation, once
Perforation ignites a described perforating bullet, then rotate or on carry described perforating gun to next perforating site.
Perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as above, wherein, uses plane perforating modes or spiral perforation
Mode carries out perforation to described rock sample.
The invention allows for a kind of hydraulic fracturing experiments method, wherein, described experimental technique includes:
Step S100: use perforating methods as above that the rock sample of experiment is carried out perforation；
Step S200: put into by described rock sample in stress loading framework, is simulated hydraulic fracturing experiments；
Step S300: after experiment, injection pressure curve is analyzed, research perforation phase place, penetration depth and Kong Mi
On operation pressure and the impact of fracturing form.
Hydraulic fracturing experiments method as above, wherein, real to described rock sample by described stress loading framework
The independent loads of existing three-dimensional confined pressure, maximum stress is 69MPa.
Hydraulic fracturing experiments method as above, wherein, the highest injection discharge capacity of fracturing fluid is 12L/min.
Hydraulic fracturing experiments method as above, wherein, the highest injection pressure of well head is 82MPa.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the characteristics that and advantage:
The perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments of present invention proposition and hydraulic fracturing experiments method, pass through numerical simulation
Test with scene and perforation snapped into row targeted design and processing, it is ensured that perforation penetration is within 30cm, it is achieved
The rock sample of the hydraulic fracturing experiments being smaller in size than 1m can be carried out real perforation, and can guarantee that rock
The integrity of stone sample so that the follow-up fracturing experiments carried out can simulate true perforation blasting effect more really to water
Defeat the impact splitting fracture initiation, it is ensured that the result of hydraulic fracturing experiments, closer to on-site actual situations, can be not only
Fracturing technology well completion design and optimization provide experiment to support, it is also possible to the perforation tool for the applicable field demand of research and development provides
Experiment is supported.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described here is only used for task of explanation, and is not intended to limit model disclosed by the invention by any way
Enclose.It addition, the shape of each parts in figure and proportional sizes etc. are only schematically, it is adapted to assist in the reason to the present invention
Solve, be not shape and the proportional sizes specifically limiting each parts of the present invention.Those skilled in the art is the present invention's
Under teaching, various possible shape and proportional sizes can be selected as the case may be to implement the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments that the present invention proposes；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the hydraulic fracturing experiments method that the present invention proposes；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the top view of rock sample of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation after rock sample perforation of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-rock sample；2-pit shaft；3-eyelet.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with accompanying drawing and the description of the specific embodiment of the invention, it is possible to clearly understand the details of the present invention.But
It is, the detailed description of the invention of invention described herein to be only used for explaining the purpose of the present invention, and can not be with any side
Formula is understood as being limitation of the present invention.Under the teachings of the present invention, technical staff it is contemplated that based on the present invention appoint
Anticipating possible deformation, these are regarded as belonging to the scope of the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, Fig. 1 is the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments that the present invention proposes
Flow chart；Fig. 4 is the top view of rock sample of the present invention；Fig. 5 is that the perforating methods using the present invention to propose is penetrated
Rock sample structural representation behind hole.As it is shown in figure 1, the present invention proposes a kind of perforation for hydraulic fracturing experiments
Method comprises the steps:
Step A: determine the penetration depth that perforating job need to reach according to hydraulic fracturing experiments scheme, this penetration depth is little
In equal to 30cm；
Step B: according to penetration depth design and manufacture perforating bullet, and perforating bullet is arranged on perforating gun；
Step C: utilize perforating bullet and perforating gun, carries out perforation to the rock sample of hydraulic fracturing experiments.
The perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments that the present invention proposes, by snapping into row targeted design and adding to perforation
Work, it is ensured that perforation penetration, within 30cm, overcomes that existing perforating methods wherein penetration depth is the deepest (to be penetrated
The degree of depth is more than 50cm) cause rock sample fragmentation, and cannot be carried out the defect of follow-up test, it is ensured that rock after perforation
The integrity of stone sample；And then the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments that proposes of the present invention achieve can be to waterpower
The rock sample of fracturing experiments carries out real perforation so that the follow-up fracturing experiments carried out can be simulated more really
The true perforation blasting effect impact on hydraulically created fracture crack initiation, it is ensured that the result of hydraulic fracturing experiments is closer to scene
Practical situation can be not only fracturing technology well completion design and optimizes offer experiment support, it is also possible to be suitable for now for research and development
The perforation tool of field demand provides experiment to support.Wherein, the rock sample after perforation is completed as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
In one optional example of the present invention, perforating bullet includes shell case, powder column and cavity liner, and powder column is arranged at shell case
In and compressed by cavity liner, step B specifically includes:
Step B1: the structure of cavity liner is carried out numerical simulation according to penetration depth；
Step B2: carry out true perforation experiment, determines according to the result of true perforation experiment and the result of numerical simulation
The final structure of cavity liner；
Step B4: manufacture cavity liner according to this final structure；
Step B5: press-fit in shell case by powder column and cavity liner, completes the manufacture of perforating bullet.
From above-mentioned steps, the perforating methods that the present invention proposes, true by the structure of perforating bullet is carried out numerical simulation
Determine tentative programme, then use indoor cement target piece to carry out true perforation experiment.By preforation tunnel morphological Simulation arrive
Analog result, contrast with the true form of the eyelet of cement target piece perforation gained, by numerical simulation combine and
The comparing result of on-the-spot test aperture parameters, logarithm value analog parameter is optimized adjustment so that it is analog result closer to
Actual.On the basis of method for numerical simulation maturation, according to different design requirements, Numerical-Mode draws up different perforations
Play parameter, thus reach perforating bullet structure is optimized and revised, it is ensured that the structure of perforating bullet disclosure satisfy that fracturing
The requirement of the perforating parameter designed by experimental program, it is ensured that perforation precision.
In an optional example, step B4 includes: select the material of composition cavity liner according to final structure, and
Ensureing that the granule grain class distribution of above-mentioned material is uniform, utilizing numerical control automatic rotary powder equipment that selected material carries out revolve powder will
It makes powder part, by secondary pressing process, this powder part is pressed into cavity liner.Wherein, density is selected to be higher than
8.5g/cm3The material of main part that metal material is cavity liner, as jet energy carrier；Select the fusing point of good moldability
Low melting material less than 500 degree is auxiliary material, keeps cavity liner jet stretching continuity and stability.Further,
Become the grain size distribution of the granule of the material of cavity liner, screening material particle size range by seminar, control grain class distribution equal
Even property, to improve the global density of cavity liner.By secondary pressing process, improve cavity liner density uniformity and
Stability, overcomes powder part and produces bounce-back after pressing, and then lowers the uniformity of the density of cavity liner and size
Progress, the follow-up pressing powder technology of final impact and the defect of perforating charge capability.
In an optional example, step B1 is particularly as follows: based on the theoretical broken first engineering calculation of fluid distortion of elastic-plastic
With experiment basis data, set up numerical simulation based on Finite Element Method, preforation tunnel form is simulated.Wherein,
The broken first engineering calculation of fluid distortion of elastic-plastic theory i.e. has explosion center outwards successively to rock medium under broken first state
The Deformation Theory carried out under fluid state, moulding state and elastic stage characterizes.By preforation tunnel morphological Simulation arrive
Analog result, contrast with the true form of the eyelet of indoor cement target piece perforation gained, tied by numerical simulation
Closing and the comparing result of on-the-spot test aperture parameters, logarithm value analog parameter is optimized adjustment so that it is analog result is more
Close to actual.On the basis of method for numerical simulation maturation, according to different design requirements, Numerical-Mode is drawn up different
Perforating bullet parameter, thus reach perforating bullet structure is optimized and revised, thus ensure perforation precision.
In one optional example of the present invention, this perforating methods being used for hydraulic fracturing experiments also includes step D, step
Rapid D includes: be processed the rock sample of fracturing experiments and hole formation well, and pit shaft is fixed on this well
Ophthalmic.Typically it is drilled with well in the centre of rock sample, lower going-into-well cylinder in the wellbore, and this pit shaft is fixed.
Wherein, before step D is arranged on step C, i.e. step D can be any one step before step C；Concrete,
Before step D can be arranged on step A, or step D can be arranged between step A and step B, step
D can also be arranged between step B and step C.
In an optional example, the external diameter of pit shaft is 73mm, and the well cementation section degree of depth of pit shaft is 530mm.So,
Owing to the length of well cementation section is sufficiently large, it is therefore prevented that perforation is to the impact of pit shaft and destruction, it is ensured that follow-up fracturing experiments
It is smoothed out.
In an optional example, the external diameter of perforating gun is less than the internal diameter of pit shaft.So, perforating gun can vertically under
Enter in pit shaft, it is achieved to pit shaft and the true perforation of rock sample.Further, perforating gun is by adapter and pit shaft
Well head connects and fixes.
In one optional example of the present invention, the rock sample after processing is hexahedron block, its length, width and height
Degree is respectively 762mm, 762mm and 914mm.The volume of the rock sample after processing is less than 1m3, it is simple in room
In can carry out hydraulic fracturing experiments.
In one optional example of the present invention, use plane perforating modes or spiral perforating modes to described rock sample
Carry out perforation.
In one optional example of the present invention, using perforating gun gradually perforation, one time perforation ignites a perforating bullet,
Then rotate or on carry perforating gun to next perforating site, plane perforation or spiral perforation can be realized.
The invention allows for a kind of hydraulic fracturing experiments method, wherein, as in figure 2 it is shown, this experimental technique includes:
Step S100: use perforating methods as above that the rock sample of experiment is carried out perforation；
Step S200: put into by described rock sample in stress loading framework, is simulated hydraulic fracturing experiments；
Step S300: after experiment, injection pressure curve is analyzed, research perforation phase place, penetration depth and Kong Mi
Deng on operation pressure and the impact of fracturing form.
The hydraulic fracturing experiments method that this experiment proposes, is for large-sized rock sample on the premise of true perforation
Carry out fracturing physical simulation experiment, evaluate gun perforation process for hydraulically created fracture crack initiation by interpretation
The impact extended, it is possible to be suitable for the perforation tool of field demand for research and development, and be fracturing technology well completion design and optimization
There is provided experiment to support and instruct.
In one optional example of the present invention, by stress loading framework, rock sample is realized the independence of three-dimensional confined pressure
Loading, maximum stress is 69MPa.Wherein, stress loading frame is complete three-dimensional large scale experimental framework, it is possible to pass through
Three directions load confined pressure, simulated ground stress field condition to rock surface simultaneously.By the well to rock sample center
Mouth injects fracturing fluid, until fracture initiation stable extension, can record infusion pressure curve in experimentation in real time
And infusion liquid measure.
In one optional example of the present invention, the highest injection discharge capacity of fracturing fluid is 12L/min.
In one optional example of the present invention, the highest injection pressure of well head is 82MPa, and high confining pressure is 69
MPa。
In an optional example of the present invention, in step S300, combine pressure break by different perforating parameters
The pressure data that experiment collects, can directly investigate perforation phase place, and penetration depth and shot density etc. are to operation pressure
And the impact of hydraulic fracture form.
In one optional example of the present invention, as it is shown on figure 3, the detailed process of the method for hydraulic fracturing experiments is:
A) by numerical simulation and on-the-spot test, perforating gun structure and perforating bullet are carried out targeted design, meet waterpower pressure
Split the requirement of the perforating parameter of experimental designs.When being embodied as, must be with pit shaft external diameter to the design of perforating gun structure
Size 73mm matches, to ensure the requirement of perforating appliances lower going-into-well cylinder.Perforating bullet design is according to " fluid-bullet
The broken first engineering calculation of the theory of plasticity " method, first perforating bullet design structure is carried out numerical simulation and determine tentative programme,
Based on fluid bullet plastic deformation, theoretical and experiment basis data, set up numerical simulation based on Finite Element Method, to perforation
Eyelet form is simulated.Then use cement target piece to carry out true perforation experiment, combined by numerical simulation and on-the-spot
The comparing result of test aperture parameters, logarithm value analog parameter is optimized adjustment so that it is analog result is closer to reality.
On the basis of method for numerical simulation maturation, according to different design requirements, Numerical-Mode draws up different perforating bullet parameters,
Thus reach perforating bullet is optimized and revised, thus ensure perforation precision.
B) fracturing experiments rock sample is processed into hexahedron block, and cements the well；During processing rock sample, rock
Sample needs to be processed into hexahedron block in strict accordance with the requirement of fracturing experiments, and length, width and height are 762mm × 762mm respectively
×914mm.Rock sample centre is drilled with well, under the borehole size that enters need to match with perforating gun, simultaneously
Well cementation segment length is sufficiently large, prevents the perforation impact failure to pit shaft, generally 500mm.
C) specific perforating appliances (perforating appliances is the perforating gun and perforating bullet manufactured and designed) is utilized, according to perforation
Scheme carries out perforating job to rock sample；To described rock sample according to perforating scheme, carry out true perforation experiment.Use
Perforating gun carries out perforation, can realize plane perforation and 2 kinds of modes of spiral perforation.Concrete grammar is to use perforating gun gradually
Perforation, ignites 1 perforating bullet for 1 time, then rotate or on carry perforating gun to next perforating site, can realize putting down
Face or spiral perforation.
D) laboratory sample is put in stress loading framework, complete to simulate fracturing experiments；When being embodied as, to rock-like
Product carry out fracturing physical simulation experiment, and specific experiment process is, are placed on by large-scale rock sample complete three-dimensional big
In scale experiment framework, load confined pressure, simulated ground stress field condition to rock surface by three directions simultaneously.Pass through
Well head at rock center injects fracturing fluid, until fracture initiation stable extension, can remember in real time in experimentation
Record infusion pressure curve and infusion liquid measure.Usually, the highest injection pressure of well head is 82MPa, confined pressure Gao Kejia
Carry as 69MPa.
E) after experiment being analyzed injection pressure curve, research perforation phase place, penetration depth and Kong Mi etc. are to construction pressure
Power and the impact of hydraulic fracture form.When being embodied as, by designing different perforating parameters and combining fracturing experiments and adopt
The pressure data that collection arrives, can intuitively investigate perforation phase place, penetration depth and Kong Mi etc. to operation pressure and hydraulic fracture
The impact of form.
Explaining in detail for the respective embodiments described above, its purpose be only that the present invention is explained in order to be able to
It is more fully understood that the present invention, but, these describe can not be limitation of the present invention with any explanation one-tenth, especially
Be, each feature described in various embodiments can also mutual combination in any, thus form other embodiment party
Formula, except there being the most contrary description, these features should be understood can be applied in any one embodiment,
And it is not limited merely to described embodiment.
Claims (14)
1. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments, it is characterised in that described method includes:
Step A: determine the penetration depth that perforating job need to reach, described penetration depth according to hydraulic fracturing experiments scheme
Less than or equal to 30cm；
Step B: according to the design of described penetration depth and manufacture perforating bullet, and described perforating bullet is arranged on perforating gun；
Step C: utilize described perforating bullet and described perforating gun, is carried out the rock sample of described hydraulic fracturing experiments
Perforation.
2. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described perforation
Bullet includes that shell case, powder column and cavity liner, described powder column are arranged in described shell case and are compressed by described cavity liner, described
Step B includes:
Step B1: the structure of described cavity liner is carried out numerical simulation according to described penetration depth；
Step B2: carry out true perforation experiment, according to the result of described true perforation experiment and described numerical simulation
Result determines the final structure of described cavity liner；
Step B4: manufacture described cavity liner according to described final structure；
Step B5: described powder column and described cavity liner are press-fited in described shell case, completes the manufacture of described perforating bullet.
3. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step
B4 includes: selects to form the material of described cavity liner according to described final structure, and ensures the particle of described material
Level is evenly distributed；Utilize numerical control automatic rotary powder equipment that the granule of described material carries out revolve powder and be made into powder part；Logical
Cross secondary pressing process and described powder part is pressed into described cavity liner.
4. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step
B1 includes: the broken first engineering calculation theoretical based on fluid distortion of elastic-plastic and experiment basis data, sets up based on finite element
The numerical simulation of method, is simulated preforation tunnel form.
5. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described method
Also include step D before being arranged on step C: be processed the rock sample of fracturing experiments and hole formation
Well, is fixed on pit shaft in described well.
6. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described perforation
The external diameter of rifle is connected and consolidates by adapter with the well head of described pit shaft less than the internal diameter of described pit shaft, described perforating gun
Fixed.
7. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that described
The external diameter of pit shaft is 73mm, and the well cementation section degree of depth of described pit shaft is 530mm.
8. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that after processing
Described rock sample is hexahedron block, and its length, width and height are respectively 762mm, 762mm and 914mm.
9. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that penetrate described in
Hole rifle gradually perforation, perforation ignites a described perforating bullet, then rotate or on carry described perforating gun to next
Perforating site.
10. the perforating methods for hydraulic fracturing experiments as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that use plane
Perforating modes or spiral perforating modes carry out perforation to described rock sample.
11. 1 kinds of hydraulic fracturing experiments methods, it is characterised in that described experimental technique includes:
Step S100: use the rock to experiment of the perforating methods as described in any one in claim 1 to 10
Sample carries out perforation；
Step S200: put into by described rock sample in stress loading framework, is simulated hydraulic fracturing experiments；
Step S300: after experiment, injection pressure curve is analyzed, research perforation phase place, penetration depth and Kong Mi
On operation pressure and the impact of fracturing form.
12. hydraulic fracturing experiments methods as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that by described stress loading
Framework realizes the independent loads of three-dimensional confined pressure to described rock sample, and maximum stress is 69MPa.
13. hydraulic fracturing experiments methods as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that the highest injection of fracturing fluid
Discharge capacity is 12L/min.
14. hydraulic fracturing experiments methods as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that the highest injection pressure of well head
Power is 82MPa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610397732.8A CN105952422A (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | Perforating method for hydraulic fracturing experiment and hydraulic fracturing experiment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610397732.8A CN105952422A (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | Perforating method for hydraulic fracturing experiment and hydraulic fracturing experiment method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105952422A true CN105952422A (en) | 2016-09-21 |
Family
ID=56908815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610397732.8A Pending CN105952422A (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | Perforating method for hydraulic fracturing experiment and hydraulic fracturing experiment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105952422A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106593384A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Hydraulic-fracturing physical simulation method for horizontal well provided with spiral jet hole |
| CN107288589A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-24 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of optimization method for preventing perforation from triggering casing failure |
| CN108318528A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-07-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining working parameters of electric pulse fracturing |
| CN109339778A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of acoustic detecting well method of quantitative assessment perforation penetration |
| CN112267865A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Fixed-area controllable staggered directional perforation horizontal well hydraulic fracturing physical simulation method |
| CN115522920A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2022-12-27 | 西南石油大学 | Test device for measuring gas-water double-layer perforation exploitation of tight sandstone gas reservoir |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050139352A1 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-06-30 | Mauldin Sidney W. | Minimal resistance scallop for a well perforating device |
| CN204267003U (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-04-15 | 山东北方民爆器材有限公司 | Oil/gas Well is with penetrating face oriented perforating device |
| CN104563978A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Perforating device and method for hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment |
-
2016
- 2016-06-07 CN CN201610397732.8A patent/CN105952422A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050139352A1 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-06-30 | Mauldin Sidney W. | Minimal resistance scallop for a well perforating device |
| CN204267003U (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-04-15 | 山东北方民爆器材有限公司 | Oil/gas Well is with penetrating face oriented perforating device |
| CN104563978A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Perforating device and method for hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 崔秉贵: "《目标毁伤工程计算》", 31 January 1995 * |
| 陆大卫: "《油气井射孔技术》", 30 April 2012 * |
| 雷鑫等: ""射孔对致密砂岩气藏水力压裂"", <东北石油大学学报> * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106593384A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Hydraulic-fracturing physical simulation method for horizontal well provided with spiral jet hole |
| CN107288589A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-24 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of optimization method for preventing perforation from triggering casing failure |
| CN108318528A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-07-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining working parameters of electric pulse fracturing |
| CN109339778A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of acoustic detecting well method of quantitative assessment perforation penetration |
| CN112267865A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Fixed-area controllable staggered directional perforation horizontal well hydraulic fracturing physical simulation method |
| CN115522920A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2022-12-27 | 西南石油大学 | Test device for measuring gas-water double-layer perforation exploitation of tight sandstone gas reservoir |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105952422A (en) | Perforating method for hydraulic fracturing experiment and hydraulic fracturing experiment method | |
| CN109992864A (en) | Unconventional dual media reservoir volume fracturing numerical simulation and parameter optimization method | |
| RU2663847C2 (en) | System and method for simulation and planning of fracture network using pulse reservoir fracturing | |
| CN115639083B (en) | True triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method and device for mine field level | |
| CN109209332B (en) | Acid slickwater composite fracturing method for shale gas horizontal well | |
| CN106321069A (en) | Method for testing laboratory simulation stratum rock delay fracture | |
| CN109357921A (en) | A kind of fracture hole oil reservoir Artificial Core Making method that parameter is controllable | |
| CN113255175A (en) | Layered soft rock blasting numerical simulation method | |
| CN104654941B (en) | A kind of dam foundation Rapid Excavation explosive forming method based on explosives mix-load truck | |
| CN106555575A (en) | A kind of computational methods of the stratum initial cracking pressure of deep layer shale | |
| CN104239637A (en) | Method for simulating discrete element muck pile form | |
| CN113982568A (en) | Dense oil-gas multi-crack competition initiation bottom hole pressure prediction method | |
| CN114278263B (en) | Method for efficiently developing deep geothermal reservoir through liquid nitrogen circulating fracturing | |
| Liu et al. | A new investigation on optimization of perforation key parameters based on physical experiment and numerical simulation | |
| CN114372428A (en) | Extension and trans-scale simulation method for multiple clusters of fracturing fractures in horizontal well section of glutenite reservoir | |
| Liu et al. | Analysis of FEM-SPH coupling for perforation penetration variation under different geology-engineering conditions | |
| CN109458214A (en) | A kind of low air permeability coal seam static blasting permeability-increasing gas pumping method | |
| CN112096359B (en) | Pitching temporary blocking steering fracturing test device, system and manufacturing method | |
| CN115705454A (en) | Crack propagation simulation fracturing design optimization method based on phase field method | |
| CN104594898A (en) | Hard top plate waterflooding pressure relief treatment method | |
| CN102444410B (en) | Method for positioning and forming hidden and buried grotto in geomechanical model test | |
| CN105069269B (en) | A kind of tunnel excavation Whole Process Simulation method | |
| Yabo et al. | Application of controlled blasting demolition technology in ultra-high coaxial thin-walled steel inner cylinder reinforced concrete chimney | |
| CN102477852A (en) | Perforating method for improving fracturing effect of casing inclined shaft | |
| CN203626790U (en) | Horizontal-well staged fracturing device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20160921 |