CN1059385C - 具有反馈回路控制的挤压机 - Google Patents

具有反馈回路控制的挤压机 Download PDF

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CN1059385C
CN1059385C CN97104914A CN97104914A CN1059385C CN 1059385 C CN1059385 C CN 1059385C CN 97104914 A CN97104914 A CN 97104914A CN 97104914 A CN97104914 A CN 97104914A CN 1059385 C CN1059385 C CN 1059385C
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extruder
cam
casing
control valve
spicules
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CN1165734A (zh
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T·A·墨列
B·J·特纳
M·D·本纳斯
M·G·马歇尔
G·R·伯格
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68—Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/687—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having projections with a short length in the barrel direction, e.g. pins
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    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/56—Screws having grooves or cavities other than the thread or the channel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/685—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/686—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having grooves or cavities
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B29C2948/92466—Auxiliary unit, e.g. for external melt filtering, re-combining or transfer between units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885—Screw or gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

挤压相关材料的挤压机包括一个机壳，该机壳具有一材料馈送区，一个包含调节区的中心区，以及一个出口区，而且在挤压机的机壳内安置有一个挤压螺杆。挤压机在调节区还有一个调节阀。调节阀具有径向伸进机壳、可用绕着挤压机机壳分布的凸轮进行调节的针形物。该凸轮具有带有一些可与这些针状物接触的凸轮表面的内壁。这些针状物都由一弹簧沿径向向外推以便与凸轮的内壁接触。该凸轮可被一装置转动。

Description

具有反馈回路控制的挤压机
本发明涉及的是一种挤压如象橡胶这样材料的方法和装置，更具体地说，涉及的是在基本上恒定的温度，尺寸(gauge)，或重量上，挤压机以可变的运作速度挤压材料的方法和装置。
过去，挤压机也都有可调节的调节阀，以便在挤压机运作过程中能提供理想的温度。但是，这些挤压机和调节阀在挤压机运作过程中却不能进行动态调节。另外，尽管挤压机的速度和调节阀的变化可能影响挤压机的产量，但过去的挤压机要是不停机来调节节流阀和挤压机的速度，则便不可能对这些变化进行补偿。
申请者们认识到，在挤压机运作时需要对挤压机速度和调节阀的位置进行些改变，而且需要自动地进行这些改变，这些改变是随一些变量，如材料温度，尺寸，重量以及其它材料性质而定的。
本发明想出了一种在设计上很简单，使用很有效而且克服了前述困难和其它缺陷的新型的改进挤压机，提供了更好的和更为有利的综合效果。
本发明提出了一个在可变的运作条件下能使被挤压的材料保持基本恒定的温度，尺寸(gauge)和重量的新型的改进挤压机。
更具体地说，按照本发明，挤压相关材料的挤压机包括挤压机的机壳，该机壳具有一送料区，一个包括调节区(throttle section)在内的中心区，和一个出口区。挤压机还包括一个安置在挤压机机壳内的挤压机螺杆，它有一核心部分和一个螺旋部分，螺旋部分是绕纵轴呈螺旋状的。挤压机还包括围绕着部分调节区的调节阀。该调节阀具有许多针状物，这些针状物围绕着挤压机的螺杆纵轴沿径向伸进机壳中。这些针状物可用一凸轮沿径向进行调节，该凸轮环绕挤压机机壳分布。该凸轮有一中心，一内壁和一外壁，内壁上有许多与这些针状物相应的部分，这些部分的每一个，从凸轮中心到内壁都有一径向距离。这些部分每一个的径向距离都是渐渐地从最大径向距离减小到最小径向距离。这些针状物都有一弹簧沿径向向外来推动这些针，以便使这些针与凸轮内壁接触。当朝第一方向转动凸轮，使得这些针以一比凸轮转动前小的径向距离与内壁接触时，凸轮就把这些针推进调节区以减小调节区的横截面积。当凸轮朝反方向转动，使得这些针以一比转动前大的径向距离与内壁接触时，由于弹簧的作用，这些针就可从调节区向外沿径向移动，以便增大调节区的横截面积。挤压机还包含一个转动凸轮的凸轮转动装置。
从本发明的一个方面来看，用挤压机挤压相关材料的方法包括。把相关材料送进挤压机机壳的送料区的步骤以及转动挤压机的螺杆，以便磨嚼相关材料并使其移动通过挤压机的步骤。该方法还包括利用温度检测装置来测量处于挤压机机壳的出口区的相关材料的温度和利用检测装置来测量处于挤压机机壳出口区的相关材料的尺寸和重量的步骤。最后，该方法还包括在挤压材料变化时，为了补偿相关材料的温度，尺寸和重量方面的变化而对调节阀进行调节的步骤。这些温度，尺寸和重量的变化是用温度检测装置和其它相应测量装置对处在挤压机机壳的出口区中的相关材料测得的。
本发明的一个优点是当材料离开挤压机时，挤压机可用温度传感器来测量原材料如橡胶的温度。
本发明的另一优点是挤压机可以利用如象激光这样的测量装置来测量被挤压机加工的如象橡胶这样的材料的尺寸。
本发明的另一优点是挤压机可以利用如象秤这样的测量装置来测量被挤压机加工的如橡胶这样的材料的重量。
本发明的另一优点是挤压机的调节阀可以进行动态调节而勿需停机。
本发明的另一优点是挤压机的控制装置可以控制挤压机螺杆的速度和调节阀。
本发明的另一优点是挤压机的控制装置在综合考虑材料温度，尺寸，重量和产品要求后，再对挤压机螺杆的速度和调节阀进行控制。
对于本行业的行家来说在阅读和理解了下面的详细说明以后还会发现一些另外的好处和优点。
本发明可采取某些部件和部件组合的实物形式，在本说明中详细描述了一个优选实施例将，并用附图加以图示，这些附图构成本说明的一部分。其中，
图1是实施本发明的挤压机和辅助设备的侧视横切面示意图；
图2是沿图1中2-2线切取的挤压机调节阀的断面图；以及
图3是挤压机调节阀的针形物的切面图。
现在请参阅附图，画这些附图仅只为说明本发明的一个优选实施例而并不是为了限制本发明。图1画出了一个具有机壳16和一个螺杆22的挤压机10的一个侧视图。材料24，如象橡胶，通过在挤压机10后面的送料孔28被送进挤压机10。当螺杆22把橡胶24推过挤压机10时，螺杆就对橡胶24进行捏合处理。然后在出口34处橡胶24就从挤压机10中被挤出。在本发明这个优选实施例中，橡胶24可通过一辊式模42施加到滚轮40上形成产品46，再由传送带52带走。
如果产品46的生产由于被迫，如在传送带52之前减少了需求，而必须减少，那么就可将螺杆22的转动速度降低。但是，在螺杆22减慢捏合和挤压过程时，某些材料将冷却到最佳温度以下。对于象橡胶这样的材料而言，这尤其是一个问题。为了保持橡胶24在挤压机10中的温度，使用了一个调节阀58。这个调节阀58最好安置在挤压机10的中心的周围。螺杆22最好有一个圆柱区64，为了防止损坏螺杆22的螺旋66，调节阀58就安置在这个圆柱区中。该调节阀包括许多的针形物70，这些针被放置在挤压机10的机壳16内的空间中。这些针阻碍了被螺杆22强迫通过挤压机10的橡胶。使橡胶24的阻力增大就使橡胶24变热，因而使得挤压机10既能运行在较低的速度上而又可保持大体恒定的温度。
图2画出了沿着图1中的2-2线切取的调节阀58和挤压机10的横断面。这些针70被安置在围绕螺杆22的圆周上的一些间隔开的位置上。这些针被如象弹簧76这样的弹力机构推离螺杆22。尽管现在优选的是弹簧76，但弹力机构也可是水力或气动系统，或者是一转动型机构。这些针70被一凸轮82所包围，这个凸轮82可使这些针70保持在一适当的位置上。这个凸轮一般是圆形的，而且具有一带凸轮表面89的内壁88。它可有一任何适当形状的外壁90。该内壁88有许多凸轮表面89，凸轮表面数最好与针状物70的数目相应。内壁88的每一个凸轮表面89都从最大半径94倾斜到最小半径100。因为这些针70都与内壁88的凸轮表面89接触，所以沿着内壁88的凸轮表面89的斜坡的接触位置就决定这些针70在挤压机10内的位置。例如，当这些针70与内壁88的凸轮表面89在最大半径94处接触时，则这些针就被弹簧76沿径向向外移动。当转动凸轮82，使得这些针70与内壁88的凸轮表面89在最小半径100处接触时，则这些针70就被移动进挤压机10的腔膛102中。这些针70伸进挤压机10的腔膛102的距离决定了在橡胶24被螺杆22的螺旋66推过挤压机10时对橡胶所产生的阻力。增大阻力就会使橡胶24的温度升高。如橡胶24的温度是在最佳温度上，则可这样转动凸轮82，使得这些针70与内壁88接触在接近最大半径94或就在最大半径94处，这样，就可把这些针从挤压机10中退出来，因而减小对橡胶的阻力，同时就降低了橡胶的温度。画在图2中的挤压机10的实施例具有12根针，凸轮82的内壁88上具有12个凸轮表面89。但是，也可使用任意适当数目的针和凸轮表面89。例如，已表明六根针70和六个凸轮表面89就很满意了。
图3更为详细地画出了这些针70中的一根的组合情形103的视图。这些针70的每一根都被一弹簧76所支撑，该弹簧朝着箭头A的方向推动这些针沿径向向外运动。这些弹簧76最好是一些盘形弹簧。内壁88上的每一凸轮表面89都朝着箭头B的方向沿径向向里推动一根针70。当转动凸轮82时，内壁88上的凸轮表面89是倾斜的，因而使针70的位置发生变化。如果转动凸轮82，使得凸轮表面89的半径增大，则针70朝箭头A的方向运动。如果转动凸轮82，使得凸轮表面89的半径减小，则针70就会朝箭头B的方向运动。在与内壁88上的一凸轮表面89接触的地方每一根针70都有一针头滚轮136，它能使凸轮82自由转动而不致使这些针70损坏。
进一步参考图1，凸轮82最好是由一套活塞和缸装置106来转动，但任何适当的方法或形式(fashion)也可用来转动凸轮82。活塞和缸装置106转动凸轮82是较好的。为了转动调节阀58的外壁90，并不一定要将挤压机10停下来。
橡胶24的温度可用安置在挤压机10的出口34的温度传感器112来检测。根据材料的挤压特性，可以将计算机118编程来控制挤压过程，以便能在希望的温度上挤压，生产出想要重量，尺寸和其它特性的挤压材料。将温度传感器112与适当的控制器，如象计算机118相连，控制器进一步控制活塞和缸装置106和螺杆22的转动速度。当计算机18根据从温度传感器112来的数据定出橡胶24是处在最佳水平以下的温度上时，计算机118就启动活塞和缸装置106来转动凸轮82，以便将那些针70沿径向向内移动到挤压机10中。计算机118还可减慢挤压机10的螺杆22的转动速度。那时计算机118就可增大调节阀58的阻力来保持在橡胶24内的最佳温度。
计算机118最好与一尺寸测量装置124和象称重秤的重量测量装置126相连。尺寸测量装置124最好包括一激光束。当产品在传送带52上离开挤压机时，这激光束可用来进行产品46的尺寸或大小的精细测量。称重秤126可作产品46重量的精细测量。调节阀58的位置可影响挤压机10的输出，并要求对螺杆22的转动速度进行适当调节，以便保持最后产品46的规定的尺寸和重量。计算机118还可用来对与橡胶24和产品46的温度，尺寸，重量以及其他的特性相关的所有数据进行解释。计算机118可控制螺杆22的转动速度和调节阀58的位置。之所以要优先选用计算机是因为橡胶24和成品46的温度，尺寸，重量和其它特性与调节阀58的位置，螺杆22的转动速度之间的关系是非线性的。
应该明白，也可使用另一类型的调节阀58来控制橡胶24通过挤压机10。
所选出的实施例在上面已经描述过了。技术行家都明白，上述的一些装置和方法都可加以改变和改进而并不偏离本发明的总的范围。本发明还企图包括所有属于所附的权利要求书的范围之内或与之等效的这种改进和变化。
已对本发明作了这样的描述，现在应提出如下权利要求。

Claims (8)

1.挤压相关材料的挤压机，它包括：
一挤压机机壳，该机壳具有一个送料区，一个包含调节区在内的中心区，和一出口区；
一挤压机螺杆，它是可转动地安装在挤压机的机壳中，该挤压机螺杆有一核心部分和螺旋部分，螺旋部分的螺旋是绕纵轴呈螺旋状的；
一个调节阀，围绕着调节阀区的一部分，该调节阀有一些沿径向伸进机壳并围绕着螺杆的纵轴分布的针状物，其特征在于：这些针状物可由一围绕着该挤压机机壳分布的圆形凸轮来进行径向调节，该凸轮具有一中心，一内壁和一外壁，该内壁又具有一些凸轮表面与所说的一些针状物接触，每一凸轮表面具有一个从中心算起的半径，该半径逐渐地由最大半径减小到最小半径；所说的那些针状物都具有一弹力机构来沿径向向外推动这些针状物，以便与凸轮表面接触，当该凸轮朝第一方向转动，使得这些针状物在比转动前小的半径位置上与凸轮表面接触时，凸轮表面就把这些针状物沿径向向里推进调节区，以减小调节区的横横截面积，当凸轮朝反方向转动，使得这些针状物在比转动前大的半径位置处与凸轮表面接触时，这些针就可被弹力机构沿径向从调节区向外推出，以增大该调节区的横截面积，以及
一个转动该凸轮的机构。
2.如权利要求1所述的的挤压机，其特征还在于：该凸轮转动机构包含一个活塞和缸装置，该活塞和缸装置与该凸轮相连，以便朝该第一方向和该相反方向转动该凸轮。
3.如权利要求2所述的的挤压机，其特征还在于：温度传感装置用于在挤压机机壳出口区检测相关材料的温度，而且该凸轮转动装置是随温度传感器测定的温度变化而动作。
4.如权利要求3所述的的挤压机，其特征还在于：控制装置用于控制该挤压机和该调节阀，该控制装置是同该活塞和缸装置及该温度传感装置相连，该控制装置启动活塞和缸装置以便在温度传感器感知到温度变化时驱动调节阀。
5.如权利要求4所述的的挤压机，其特征还在于：测量装置用来测量在机壳的出口处挤出的相关材料的尺寸，该测量装置是同该控制装置相连的，该控制装置在该测量装置检测到相关材料的尺寸变化时便启动调节阀。
6.如权利要求4所述的的挤压机，其特征还在于：重量测量装置用来测量在机壳的出口处挤出的相关材料的重量，该重量测量装置同该控制装置相连，该控制装置在该重量测量装置检测到相关材料的重量有变化时便启动调节阀。
7.如权利要求4所述的的挤压机，其特征还在于：该控制装置与挤压机的螺杆的转动装置相连，由它控制该挤压机螺杆的转动速度。
8.如权利要求2所述的的挤压机，其特征还在于：在运作该挤压机的过程中，可以运作活塞和缸装置来转动该凸轮。
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