CN105928979A - Method and equipment for measuring friction stir welding holes - Google Patents
Method and equipment for measuring friction stir welding holes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of defects control of friction stir welding and particularly discloses a method and equipment for measuring friction stir welding holes. The equipment comprises a detection module and a calculation module which are mutually connected, wherein the detection module is used for acquiring an image and temperature of an actual weld joint and determining whether holes exist by making comparison on the results of the temperatures according to temperature data of a singular point of finite element calculation. According to the method and equipment, the online detection of holes of the welding joints can be realized, and the positions of the holes can be determined, so that the welding scheme can be amended, and the holes of the welding joints can be controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agitating friction welding hole hole measuring method and equipment, more particularly, be to utilize in fact
The method that border test and FEM calculation combine determines the method and apparatus whether weld seam hole exists.
Background technology
Hole is to be not connected with part in weld seam, and property of welded joint will be caused to decline or joint fails.Weld seam
The inspection of hole generally uses ray film making method.For important welding point, the inspection of hole is indispensable.
The detection method of joint hole has offline inspection and on-line checking two class at present.Offline inspection is to connect
Head has welded and has detected afterwards, and current most of detection methods are offline inspection, such as surface can be visual
Detection, Magnetic testing, Liquid penetrant testing, EDDY CURRENT, the ultrasound examination of inside, ray detection etc..Off-line
Detection operating process is simple, but there is the problem that can not find hole defect in time in welding process.?
Line detection refers to that welding point completes the detection of hole defect in the case of hot, and be widely used at present penetrates
Line film making method or ultrasonic Detection Method are all difficult to on-line checking.
The on-line testing method of welding hole, mainly by the thermophysical property of metal material, is adding according to it
Hole is detected by the slight change in heat or cooling procedure, be most widely used for spectroscopic methodology.Spectrum
When method is to interact with radiation based on material, measures and occurred between quantized energy level by material is internal
Transition and produce transmitting, absorb or scatter radiation wavelength and intensity and be analyzed detection method.
Through finding the retrieval of prior art, the detection of existing welding point hole is based primarily upon characteristic spectrum
Method, the control method of hole is mainly by engineer testing sample analysis, then carries out technique adjustment to realize hole
The control in hole.Add as Chinese patent CN 102615423A (43) provides the galvanized steel laser of feature based spectrum
The inline diagnosis method of powder weld defect.More than welding hole can be made accurately measurement by invention,
But cost is high, or it it is non-online detection.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to deficiencies of the prior art, disclose a kind of agitating friction welding hole hole measurement side
Method and equipment, use the computational analysis of infrared spectrum image and singular point cooling rate, overcome existing spectrum test
The deficiency of method, and multiple spot hole can be measured simultaneously.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that: a kind of agitating friction welding hole hole
Measurement equipment, including interconnective detection module and computing module, it is characterised in that: described calculating mould
Block includes: acquisition module, sample contrast module, finite element calculating unit and data processing module, detects mould
The stirring-head edge cells central temperature of block reading test plate (panel) and stirring-head edge cells cooling curve data general are believed
By above-mentioned information output to computing module after breath screening, computing module obtains the Temperature Distribution cloud of test plate (panel) tested point
Figure, cooling curve also carry out calculating contrast.
Described detection module includes: infrared spectrum sensor, crossover sub, hole identification module, servo-actuated little
Car and computer, wherein: infrared spectrum sensor is fixed on rear side of stirring-head, by crossover sub and calculating
Machine is connected；Described hole identification module in computer is used for extraction and the identification of void shape, servo-actuated
Dolly is for realizing the synchronous walking of infrared spectrum sensor and stirring-head；Described infrared spectrum sensor is adopted
Realize the sensing of face of weld temperature and void shape with infra-red sepectrometry, using temperature range is 400～650 DEG C.
The cooling curve of described test plate (panel) tested point obtains in the following manner: obtained by infrared spectrum sensor
The stirring-head edge cells central temperature of test plate (panel), image pick-up card is connected with computer by translation interface and is adopted
Collection sample in stirring-head edge cells shape image and obtain tested point Temperature Distribution and cooling data, adopt
Collection module is for receiving Temperature Distribution and cooling data, the image recording module record tested point of sample tested point
Temperature Distribution and cooling data；Agitating friction weld in, by calculate and with ir data sample pair
Ratio determines whether agitating friction test plate (panel) surface and near surface exist hole.
A kind of agitating friction welding hole hole measuring method, obtains image and the temperature of actual welds by detection module
Distribution, and the temperature data of singular point is calculated by finite element calculating unit, true by comparing the result of the two
Determine whether hole exists；Specifically comprise the following steps that
The first step: be fixed on rear side of stirring-head by infrared spectrum sensor, opens while starting agitating friction welding
Dynamic infrared spectrum temperature measuring device, it is judged that whether welding reaches stable state；After welding reaches stable state,
Start acquisition module, image recording module, data processing module, the chilling temperature data of record weld seam；
Second step: using initial as FEM calculation of the temperature on rear side of stirring-head that image recording module record obtains
Temperature, sets up the FEM model of weld seam cooling；
3rd step: judged the position of singular point by the view data obtained by record, and compare the reality of singular point
Chilling temperature data and by finite element calculating unit calculated chilling temperature data, when the reality of singular point
When border cooling data are with calculated cooling data fit, then it is assumed that there is hole at this.
A kind of agitating friction welding hole hole measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
The first step, test plate (panel) pre-processes: fix infrared spectrum sensor on rear side of stirring-head；Infrared spectrum sensor is adopted
The information of collection enters image pick-up card；Image pick-up card is connected by crossover sub and computer, infrared spectrum
Just test plate (panel) position to stirring-head edge, the center of sensor；
Second step, edge cells central point temperature survey: after infrared spectrum sensor is placed in sample pretreatment
Top position, infrared spectrum sensor is connected with computer, and opens examination of infrared spectrum mould in a computer
Block (is equivalent to infrared spectrum sensor start working), is then stirred friction welding (FW), measures the stirring of sample
The temperature of head edge unit, and judge whether sample reaches stable welding shape by edge cells central point temperature
State；After specimen temperature reaches stable welded condition, start image recording module and data processing module；Figure
As logging modle record is passed to the shape image of stirring-head edge cells in the sample of computer by image pick-up card
And obtain Temperature Distribution and the cooling data of tested point；
3rd step, data process: acquisition module reads Temperature Distribution and the cooling data of sample sample tested point, and
Data are passed to data processing module and obtains actual cooling curve；By the temperature of welding region on rear side of stirring-head
Degrees of data is as the initial temperature condition of FEM calculation, and using the temperature of ambient-temp-stable state as environment temperature
Degree；
4th step, characteristic parameter extraction: judge whether hole according to the cooling data of view data and singular point,
Concretely comprise the following steps:
1) obtain image and carry out the identification of singular point shape in image, marking singular point position；
2) obtain the cooling data of singular point, follow the tracks of and obtain cooling velocity data；
3) by the contrast of cooling velocity, the feature of singular point is determined；
5th step, it is thus achieved that result: the cooling velocity curve simulated when cooling velocity curve and the sample of singular point meets,
Then it is believed that this singular point is hole；The cooling velocity curve negotiating finite element calculating unit meter of sample simulation
Obtain.
Relative to prior art, the invention have the benefit that spectrum test method that other are single is for surveying
Metering-orifice hole is the most difficult, and the present invention measures for the cooling velocity of hole sample, reduces hole
Erroneous judgement.By weld seam hole real-time detecting system of the present invention, it is possible to achieve the online inspection of weld seam hole
Survey, determine the position at hole place, in order to amendment welding scheme, butt welded seam hole is controlled.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1: weld seam hole on-line detecting system composition schematic diagram；
Accompanying drawing 2: hole decision flowchart.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention made concrete introduction.
According to Fig. 1, the measurement equipment in a kind of agitating friction welding hole hole, including interconnective detection module and meter
Calculate module, it is characterised in that: described computing module includes: ir data sample, FEM calculation
Unit and data processing module, acquisition module, detection module reads the stirring-head edge cells center temperature of test plate (panel)
Degree and edge cells cooling curve data and will after information sifting by the output of above-mentioned information to computing module, calculate
Module obtains the Temperature Distribution figure of tested point on sample, cooling curve and carries out calculating contrast.Stirring of test plate (panel)
Mix the position that head edge unit refers to that on test plate (panel), stirring-head edge and test plate (panel) contact with each other, owing to welding generation is shaken
This position contacted with each other of reason can occur micro fluctuation to adjust, and stirring-head edge cells central temperature refers to shake
The temperature of the center in the whole region that the position contacted with each other in Dong is constituted.
Image and the temperature information of infrared spectrum sensor collection are sent to image pick-up card, and image pick-up card is again
Send information to image recording module, acquisition module, finite element calculating unit.
Described detection module includes: infrared spectrum sensor 3, crossover sub 4, hole identification module, with
Dynamic dolly 6 and computer 7, wherein: infrared spectrum sensor is fixed on rear side of stirring-head, passes through crossover sub
It is connected with computer；Described hole identification module in computer is used for extraction and the identification of void shape,
It is synchronization with stirring-head that follow-up trolley is used for realizing examination of infrared spectrum instrument (including: infrared spectrum sensor)
Walking；Described infrared spectrum sensor uses infra-red sepectrometry to realize face of weld temperature and hole surface shape
The sensing of shape, using temperature range is 400～650 DEG C.
The cooling curve of described sample obtains in the following manner: for aluminium alloy test plate (panel), pass through infrared light
Spectrum sensor obtains stirring-head edge cells central temperature on sample, and image pick-up card passes through translation interface and meter
Calculation machine is connected and gathers the image of stirring-head edge cells on sample and obtain Temperature Distribution and the cooling of tested point
Data；In agitating friction welds, by calculating and determining on agitating friction test plate (panel) surface with master sample contrast
Whether hole is there is with near surface.
Described crossover sub realizes the transmission of image.Described follow-up trolley uses motor to drive, it is ensured that with
Agitating friction weldering gait of march is consistent.
According to Fig. 2, concretely comprising the following steps of weld seam hole online test method:
(1) sample pretreatment.Infrared spectrum sensor is fixed on rear side of stirring-head；By crossover sub and meter
Calculation machine connects, just test plate (panel) position to stirring-head edge, the center of infrared spectrum sensor, examination of infrared spectrum
The size of instrument is Φ 12.7mm.Examination of infrared spectrum instrument includes infrared spectrum sensor.
(2) edge cells central point temperature survey.After infrared spectrum sensor is placed in sample pretreatment
Top position, is connected with computer, and opens acquisition module, data processing module in a computer, then
Being stirred friction welding, (tested point is sample or test plate (panel) to measure the tested point at stirring-head edge on sample
The random point of stirring-head edge cells) temperature, and whether judge sample by edge cells central point temperature
Reach stable welded condition.After agitating friction welding starts, region that test plate (panel) contacts with stirring-head and near
Regional metal temperature is gradually increasing, when, after 5s, the temperature in the region that test plate (panel) contacts with stirring-head reaches
550 DEG C, and keep stable, sample frequency is 50Hz.After specimen temperature reaches stable welded condition, start
Image recording module, finite element calculating unit.
(3) data acquisition.Acquisition module 8 read sample from start temperature fall time respectively through 20 milliseconds,
The cooling velocity data in 40 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds moment, and process mould by data
Block 9 obtains actual cooling curve.This cooling velocity DS is as the check sample of FEM calculation.Will
On rear side of test plate (panel), the temperature data of welding region is as the initial temperature condition of FEM calculation.By ambient-temp-stable
The temperature of state is as environment temperature.The cooling number that sample data acquisition obtained is simulated with FEM model
It is that sample contrasts module 10 according to the module carrying out contrasting.
(4) characteristic parameter extraction.Adjust simulation cooling curve that the undetermined parameter in FEM model obtains (as
Shown in accompanying drawing 2) and step (3) in data acquisition obtain actual cooling curve between error be less than
The error tolerance (depending on measuring accuracy, such as 3%) that error is allowed, then it is believed that numerical computations institute
The singular point assumed is hole.
Measurement result such as table 1:
Table 1 singular point cooling velocity is poor
Simulation cooling curve is 7.5 DEG C/s with actual measurement cooling curve maximum temperature error, and middle-temperature error is 5.9 DEG C/s.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill of the art
For personnel, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to make some improvement and equivalents
Replacing, the technical scheme that these improve and equivalent obtains also should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the measurement equipment in an agitating friction welding hole hole, including interconnective detection module and computing module, it is characterized in that: described computing module includes: acquisition module, sample contrast module, finite element calculating unit and data processing module, detection module reads the stirring-head edge cells central temperature of test plate (panel) and stirring-head edge cells chilling temperature curve will be by above-mentioned information output to computing module after information sifting, and computing module obtains the Temperature Distribution cloud atlas of test plate (panel) tested point, cooling curve also to carry out calculating contrast.
The measurement equipment in a kind of agitating friction welding hole hole the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described detection module includes: infrared spectrum sensor, crossover sub, hole identification module, follow-up trolley and computer, wherein: infrared spectrum sensor is fixed on rear side of stirring-head, is connected with computer by crossover sub；Described hole identification module in computer is used for identification and the extraction of void shape, and follow-up trolley is for realizing the synchronous walking of infrared spectrum sensor and stirring-head；Described infrared spectrum sensor uses infra-red sepectrometry to realize the sensing of face of weld temperature and void shape, uses temperature range to be 400-650 DEG C.
The measurement equipment in a kind of agitating friction welding hole hole the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cooling curve of described test plate (panel) tested point obtains in the following manner: obtained the stirring-head edge cells central temperature of test plate (panel) by infrared spectrum sensor, image pick-up card is connected with computer by translation interface and gathers the shape image of stirring-head edge cells in sample and obtain Temperature Distribution and the cooling data of tested point, acquisition module is for reading Temperature Distribution and the cooling data of sample tested point, the Temperature Distribution of image recording module record tested point and cooling data；In agitating friction welds, by calculating and determining whether agitating friction test plate (panel) surface and near surface exist hole with the contrast of ir data sample.
4. an agitating friction welding hole hole measuring method, it is characterised in that obtained image and the Temperature Distribution of actual welds by detection module, and by the temperature data of finite element calculating unit calculating singular point, determine whether hole exists by the result comparing the two；Specifically comprise the following steps that
The first step: be fixed on rear side of stirring-head by infrared spectrum sensor, starts infrared spectrum temperature measuring device, it is judged that whether welding reaches stable state while starting agitating friction welding；After welding reaches stable state, start acquisition module, image recording module, data processing module, the chilling temperature data of record weld seam；
Second step: using the temperature on rear side of stirring-head that image recording module record obtains as the initial temperature of FEM calculation, set up the FEM model of weld seam cooling；
3rd step: judged the position of singular point by the view data obtained by record, and compare the actual chilling temperature data of singular point and by finite element calculating unit calculated chilling temperature data, when the actual cooling data of singular point do not meet with calculated cooling data, then it is assumed that there is hole at this.
5. an agitating friction welding hole hole measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
The first step, test plate (panel) pre-processes: fix infrared spectrum sensor on rear side of stirring-head；The information that infrared spectrum sensor gathers enters image pick-up card；Image pick-up card is connected by crossover sub and computer, just test plate (panel) position to stirring-head edge, the center of infrared spectrum sensor；
Second step, edge cells central point temperature survey: infrared spectrum sensor is placed in the top position after sample pretreatment, infrared spectrum sensor is connected with computer, and open examination of infrared spectrum module in a computer, then friction welding (FW) it is stirred, measure the temperature of the stirring-head edge cells of sample, and judge whether sample reaches stable welded condition by edge cells central point temperature；After reaching stable welded condition, start image recording module and data processing module；Image recording module record is passed to the shape image of stirring-head edge cells in the sample of computer and obtains Temperature Distribution and the cooling data of tested point by image pick-up card；
3rd step, data process: acquisition module reads Temperature Distribution and the cooling data of sample tested point, and data is passed to data processing module and obtains actual cooling curve；Using the temperature data of welding region on rear side of stirring-head as the initial temperature condition of FEM calculation, and using the temperature of ambient-temp-stable state as environment temperature；
4th step, characteristic parameter extraction: judge whether hole according to the cooling data of view data and singular point, concretely comprise the following steps:
1) obtain image and carry out the identification of singular point shape in image,
Mark singular point position；
2) obtain the cooling data of singular point, follow the tracks of and obtain cooling velocity data；
3) by the contrast of cooling velocity, the feature of singular point is determined；
5th step, it is thus achieved that result: when the cooling velocity curve of singular point does not meets with the cooling velocity curve of sample simulation, then it is believed that this singular point is hole；The cooling velocity curve negotiating finite element calculating unit of sample simulation is calculated.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108359947A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-03 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Sputtering target material method for sealing, device and electronic equipment |
| CN109570729A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-04-05 | 湘潭大学 | A method of stirring friction welding seam penetration quality dynamic is detected based on torque |
| CN114433996A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-06 | 山东大学 | Method and system for predicting hole defects in friction stir welding |
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