CN107132271A - Structure light and magneto-optic imaging double-sensing appearance of weld and defect lossless detection method - Google Patents
Structure light and magneto-optic imaging double-sensing appearance of weld and defect lossless detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In actual production process, in addition to range estimation face of weld defect and forming defect, generally also need to detect weld defect using non-destructive testing technology, therefore a kind of effective weld defect lossless detection method has important practical significance.At present there are many deficiencies and shortcoming in the Non-Destructive Testing both at home and abroad for weld defect, in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing Weld Defect Testing Technology, the invention discloses a kind of structure light and magneto-optic imaging double-sensing appearance of weld and defect lossless detection method and device, there is provided a kind of accuracy of detection is high, reliable, easy to use, free of contamination weld defect Non-Destructive Testing.The present invention is demarcated using structure light sensor to the position of weld seam, the direction of regulation sensor movement, it is ensured that axis of a weld can realize simple curved welding seam detection perpendicular to the magnetic line of force and in the center of magneto-optical sensor detection window；Take the suitable dynamics that carries to obtain apparent the magneto optic images simultaneously, realize the magneto optic images amendment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the lossless detection method of weld defect in welding process, and in particular to structure light and magneto-optic imaging
Double-sensing appearance of weld and defect lossless detection method.
Background technology
Welding is the important process technology of manufacture field, with condition of work is severe, workload is big and quality requirement is high
The features such as.Due to the influence of the various random factors in welding process, weldment inevitably results from crackle, not sometimes
The weld defects such as through welding, incomplete fusion, stomata, slag inclusion.In order to ensure the product quality of weldment, it is necessary to detect in timely and efficient manner
Weld defect.In actual production process, except range estimation face of weld defect is with addition to forming defect, generally also needing to using lossless
Detection technique detects weld defect, therefore a kind of effective weld defect lossless detection method has important practical significance.
The Non-Destructive Testing both at home and abroad for weld defect is concentrated mainly on following several method at present：(1) Magnetic testing side
Method, i.e., be uniformly covered with magnetic on detected weldment, and weldment weld defect is tested after magnetization can produce the irregular magnetic line of force, this
A little defects will be shown by the distribution of magnetic.Magnetic testing is generally used for surface and the near surface flaw of ferromagnetism weldment
Detection, its cost is relatively low, and sensitivity is higher and to tested weldment amorphism requirement.But tested weldment requirement must be suitable
Magnetic material, before detection, it is necessary to which first butt-welding fitting surface is handled, to ensure that weldment surface is smooth, it is ensured that will not be because of table
Face is uneven or scar and influence the distribution of the magnetic line of force, influence testing result.(2) penetrant detecting method, its principle is to be based on liquid
The capillarity of body, is the lossless detection method for detecting weldment Surface-breaking defect, specifically includes two kinds of sides of fluorescence and coloring
Method.The principle of fluoroscopic examination is to immerse tested weldment in fluorescent liquid, and because of capillarity, fluorescence has been filled inside defect
Liquid.Surface liquid is removed, because photoelectric effect fluorescent liquid is under ultraviolet irradiation, visible ray is sent and shows defect.Coloring
The principle of detection is similar with fluoroscopic examination, and it does not need Special Equipment, simply will adsorb the coloring liquid in defect with toner
Suction out weldment surface and show defect.This method sensitivity when detecting weldment cracks with surface openings is high, to surface moisture or
There are the sample of coating, meeting extreme influence Detection results in person, and the judgement of this method is heavily dependent on detection person's
Experience.(3) ray detection method, is to have certain decline during passing through testee using ray (x-ray, gamma-rays etc.)
Subtract rule, a kind of method of weldment internal flaw is detected according to by the transmitted intensity after each position decay of weldment.Not jljl
Its attenuation degree of body is different, and the degree of decay is determined by the thickness of object, the species of the material category of object and ray.Penetrate
Line detection is difficult more than 80mm mainly for detection of weldment inside workpiece volume flaw, and the thickness of workpiece, can be according to material
Attenuation coefficient do and corresponding thicken or be thinned.This method testing cost is high, and detection device is larger, the ray radiation pair of generation
Greatly, the detection sensitivity to micro-crack defect is relatively low by human injury.(4) ultrasonic detection method, its principle is to utilize ultrasound
When ripple is propagated in measured workpiece, it can be influenceed by measured workpiece material acoustics characteristic and the change of its interior tissue, by super
The influence degree and status analysis of sound wave, to detect the change of material property and structure.The detection efficiency of the detection method
Higher, and cost is relatively low, but relatively other detection methods, the requirement to operating personnel is higher.This method is different for difference
The defect of species has certain difficulty, and its maximum shortcoming is exactly to need couplant when detecting.(5) eddy current detection method, it is examined
It is to be based on electromagnetic induction phenomenon to survey principle, and the magnetic field of change produces vortex in conductor workpiece, if within the workpiece existing defects,
Be mingled with, conductivity variations or during structure change, the flowing of vortex can be influenceed so that superposition magnetic field changes, according to magnetic field
Change may determine that the defect of welding.This method has detection efficiency height, suitable for on-line checking, without couplant and noncontact
The advantages of detection, and it is higher to the sensitivity of near surface or surface defect.But it is only suitable for conductive material surface and nearly table
The detection in face, it is difficult to judge species, the shapes and sizes of defect.(6) magneto-optic image checking：Magneto-optic imaging sensor is in the magnetic field
In the presence of produce magneto-optic effect, the polarised light in sensor is produced the different anglecs of rotation when by magneto-optic sensor information
Degree, contain weld defect Magnetic Field light reflected through polarization spectroscope after by charge coupling device receive and in real time into
Picture.(7) other detection methods.It is, by body surface and internal defect, to pass through external world's loading such as laser hologram Non-Destructive Testing
Method, makes it cause local deformation in corresponding body surface, is observed with holographic and compares this deformation, and recorded
The deformation of body surface under lower different extraneous loads effect, is observed and is analyzed, then inside judgment object whether
Existing defects.Acoustic emission testing technology, be object under extraneous conditioning, defect or object abnormal position stress concentrate and
It is deformed or is broken, and strain energy is discharged in elastic wave form, acoustic emission signal and determination sound is detected and analyzed with instrument
The technology of emission source.Infrared detection technology, can inject workpiece, if existed in workpiece in detection by a constant hot-fluid
Defect, because defect area is different from the thermal diffusion coefficient of nondefective zone, then will be variant in the Temperature Distribution of workpiece surface,
The internal defective surface temperature from corresponding to nondefective zone is just different, and the infrared waves (heat radiation) thus sent is just not yet
Together, with response infrared ripple and the function of correspondingly sized electric signal, point by point scanning workpiece table can be converted into using infrared detector
Face is obtained with the distribution situation of workpiece surface temperature, so as to find workpiece surface temperature abnormal area, determines inside workpiece
The position of defect.
To sum up analysis is understood, lossless detection method used above has it not enough.Magnetic testing is limited to ferrimagnet,
And have strict demand to workpiece surface；Liquid penetrant testing is limited to Surface-breaking defect；Ray detection testing cost is high, detection device compared with
Greatly, the ray Radiation On Human body injury of generation is very big；Requirement of the ultrasound examination to operating personnel is higher, distinguishes different types of
Weld defect has certain difficulty and needs couplant；EDDY CURRENT is only suitable for the detection of conductive material surface and near surface, and
It is difficult to species, the shapes and sizes for judging weld defect；Laser hologram Non-Destructive Testing depends on the defect of interior of articles in external force
Can effect is lower to cause the corresponding deformation of body surface；Acoustic emission testing technology is general very weak due to the intensity of acoustic emission signal,
Need to detect by sensitive electronic instrument；Infrared detection technology mainly measures weldment surface Warm status, it is impossible to it is determined that weldering
Warm status inside part, it is expensive compared with other detecting instruments or routine monitoring equipment.Magneto-optic image checking can only be detected
The size and shape of defect, it is impossible to determine the position being distributed in welded joints of defect.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned existing Weld Defect Testing Technology.A kind of detection essence is provided
High, reliable, easy to use, the free of contamination weld defect Non-Destructive Testing of degree.The present invention is the purpose one reached：Structure light
Magneto-optic imaging non-destructive detection under amendment.Purpose two：Magneto-optic under structure light sensor weld seam three-dimensional reconstruction and alternating magnetic field
Imaging nondestructive inspection method.
To reach above-mentioned purpose one, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：The structure light direction of motion is X, magneto-optic sensing
Device is Y, and X speed is adjustable, and when manual detection, Y speed is uneven, does not now allow structure light to move, structure light combination light
Electric direction sensor is used for demarcating the position of magneto-optic imaging sensor and detected workpiece weld seam, and double-sensing is adjusted according to calibration value
Device position makes axis of a weld vertical with the magnetic line of force, and is always positioned at the centre of magneto-optic imaging sensor imaging window, can be achieved
Simple curved welding seam detection, it may also be used for measurement magneto-optical sensor is carried apart from the height of workpiece as regulation magneto-optical sensor
The foundation of dynamics, for correcting magneto-optic imaging.
To reach above-mentioned purpose two, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：Using structure light sensor scan and magnetic
Photoimaging technology, the structure light direction of motion is X, and the magneto-optical sensor direction of motion is Y, and resultant motion curve is zigzag, can
Fit three-dimension curved surface, i.e. face of weld form configurations of surface such as (pit) splashing, undercut, reinforcements.Obtain face of weld point position
Put, be fitted, determine the beginning and end position of weld seam, three-dimensional reconstruction face of weld to weld seam actual form space of points position
Contour images；Low-and high-frequency alternating magnetic field gives weldment excitation simultaneously, and the magnetic line of force is distorted at weld defect, causes fault location
Perpendicular magnetic component changes, and magneto-optic imaging sensor produces magneto-optic effect in the presence of the magnetic field, makes in sensor
Polarised light produces the different anglecs of rotation when by magneto-optic sensor information, contains the light of weld defect Magnetic Field through inclined
Shake after dichroic mirror and to be received and real time imagery by charge coupling device.Computer is by the defective locations after identification three-dimensionally shaped
Location mark on weld seam comes out, and facilitates testing staff to obtain the distributing position of weldment defect in real time, and result of calculation is imaged.
The present invention uses magneto-optic imaging technique, and tested welding workpiece is sent out by the low-and high-frequency magnetic field being installed under sensor base plate
Raw device produces alternating magnetic field, and then induces magnetic field in welding workpiece, if with the presence of weld defect on the path of the magnetic line of force
When, its distribution can be affected, and will be distorted at weld defect, this distortion will cause the change of induced field, and draw
The perpendicular field profile at this is played to change.Magneto-optic imaging sensor produces magneto-optic effect in the presence of the magnetic field, makes magnetic
Polarised light in photoimaging sensor produces the different anglecs of rotation when by magneto-optic sensor information, contains weld defect magnetic
The light of field distribution information is received and real time imagery after being reflected through polarization spectroscope by charge coupling device, and generation magneto-optic welding lacks
Fall into image.
Weld defect the magneto optic images are transferred to computer control, computer control pair by above-mentioned magneto-optic imaging sensor
Weld defect image handled, recognize and the position of weld defect is calculated, and realizes the real-time accurate detection to weld defect.Meter
Calculation machine analyzing and processing shows defect on the weld seam of three-dimensionalreconstruction.
Compared with existing Weld Defect Testing Technology, the technical solution adopted by the present invention has following beneficial effects：
1) present invention is demarcated using structure light sensor to the position of weld seam, the direction of regulation sensor movement,
Ensure that axis of a weld perpendicular to the magnetic line of force and can realize simple curve in the center of magneto-optical sensor detection window
Weld seam detection；Take the suitable dynamics that carries to obtain apparent the magneto optic images simultaneously, realize the magneto optic images amendment.
2) data that the present invention is obtained with structure light sensor, using size and table of the three-dimensional reconstruction to weld seam
Region feature is reconstructed, and face of weld form is detected, the three-dimensional configuration and size of weld seam are showed on screen.
3) present invention is using structure light sensor, three-dimensional reconstruction, low-and high-frequency alternating magnetic field and magneto-optic imaging technique
Defects detection is carried out with reference to weld seam, will detect that obtained defect form and position indicate position in the weld seam life that reconstruct is obtained
Put, facilitate testing staff to quickly find place where defect.
4) present invention is imaged sensing technology using magneto-optic, in the detection process of weld defect, is occurred by low-and high-frequency magnetic field
Device (high-permeability material low frequency magnetic field generator, low magnetic permeability material high frequency magnetic field generator) excitation, the magnetic line of force is in quilt
Survey and distorted at weld defect, while generating weld defect image by magneto-optic imaging sensor, computer control realizes weldering
Connect defect image identification and the calculating of weld defect position.The Non-contact nondestructive detection of the small weld defect of workpiece can be achieved, no
Only accuracy of detection is high, and safe and reliable to operation, easy to use, pollution-free.
5) alternating magnetic field frequency-adjustable of the present invention, high frequency magnetic field can be used for detection low magnetic permeability and nonferromagnetic material
Material, low frequency magnetic field can be used for detection high-permeability material, expand the scope of detection.
6) due to the flexible cooperation of magneto-optic imaging sensor and computer control so that computer control can be real-time
Weld defect situation and defect location in welded joints are obtained, automatic detection can be achieved, imaging is directly perceived, automaticity
Height, detection speed is fast.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the general frame of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the bottom surface structure block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the weld seam detection block diagram of the present invention；
Each numbering implication in figure：1- positioning holes, 2- electro-optic direction sensors (optical mouse), 3- magneto-optical sensors, 4- points
Laser moving guide rail, 5-CMOS cameras, 6- semiconductor laser emission sources, 7- magnetic poles, 8- magneto-optic imaging windows, 9- dot lasers sensing
Device control line, 10- electromagnet power supply lines, 11- magneto-optical sensor control lines, 12- dot laser lines, 13- weldments, 14- weld seams.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below.
For purpose one：Detection means is fixed on stepper motor by positioning hole in detection process, passes through computer
Automatic detection is realized in control.X=0 is set, Y speed is indefinite, and structure light is demarcated to position while welding, realize that simple curve is welded
The detection of seam；Distance between magneto-optic imaging sensor and weld seam is adjusted, the magneto optic images become apparent from activity.
For purpose two：The present invention is applied to structure light Cleaning Principle, using laser triangulation principle, swashs from point
The light that light device is sent intersects one luminous point of generation with testee, the image point position of the luminous point is obtained by ccd video camera, such as
Really the vision system of the laser and a ccd video camera composition is after demarcation, it is possible to calculate the luminous point in space
Position.Three-dimensional reconstruction face of weld contour images are carried out with the information of the spatial point of acquisition.
Present invention application magneto-optic imaging technique, magnetic is induced by magnetic field generator with alternating magnetic field in welding workpiece
, and being distributed at weld defect for the magnetic line of force will be distorted, and cause the perpendicular magnetic component at this to change.Faraday
Magneto-optic effect principle, when a branch of polarised light is by medium, if there is an external magnetic field in direction of beam propagation, then this polarization
Light will be deflected by plane of polarization, and deflection angle depends on magnetic field intensity.Magneto-optic imaging sensor is produced in the presence of the magnetic field
Magnetisation luminous effect, makes the polarised light in magneto-optic imaging sensor produce the different anglecs of rotation when by magneto-optic sensor information,
Contain the Magnetic Field of weld defect light reflected through polarization spectroscope after by charge coupling device receive and real time imagery.
The work of whole weld defect magneto-optic imaging non-destructive detection is controlled by computer control system, is counted first
Calculation machine control magnetic field generator produces alternating magnetic field, is simultaneously emitted by instruction and starts structure light and the work of magneto-optic imaging sensor,
Synchronous coordination structure light sensor and magneto-optic imaging sensor collection weld data and the magneto optic images, and the information of acquisition is defeated
Enter to computer control.Then by corresponding three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm and image recognition algorithm obtain the three-dimensionally shaped form of weld seam and
The type and size of weld defect, and the position of defect is showed on the image of three-dimensional reconstruction, realize weld defect
The species detection corresponding with position.Computer control also has self-test capability, significantly improves real-time and the survey of system
The automaticity of control technology.The control system used can correct measurement error automatically, improve the accuracy of detection of weld defect.
The operation principle of system：Structure light sensor, magnetic field generator and magneto-optic imaging sensor are respectively by calculating
Machine controller is controlled, when measuring weld defect with the present apparatus and method, by the present apparatus be placed in welding workpiece and cause magneto-optic into
As sensor wafer aligns face of weld.Computer control control point structured light sensor gathered data, magnetic field generator production
Raw alternating magnetic field, synchronous coordination magneto-optic imaging sensor gather the magneto optic images of weld defect, and weld information and welding are lacked
Sunken the magneto optic images are delivered to computer control, and the image of the three-dimensional reconstruction of weld seam, weld defect is realized by computer control
Processing, weld defect position are calculated and weld defect type identification.The weld defect image of display detection in real time, classification, size
Etc. information.Because computer control arithmetic speed is fast and the development of image processing techniques, it is possible to achieve the reality of weld defect
When detect.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring the substantive content of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of structure light and magneto-optic imaging double-sensing appearance of weld and defect the cannot-harm-detection device, it is characterised in that possess：
Structure light sensor, its Scanning Detction face of weld form and position while welding demarcation；
Low-and high-frequency magnetic field generator, it gives workpiece excitation；
Magneto-optic imaging sensor, it gathers the magneto optic images of workpiece；
Computer control, it carries out data analysis and image procossing.
2. detection means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The structure light sensor will scan workpiece, the position of demarcation magneto-optic imaging sensor and detected workpiece weld seam, root
According to calibration value regulation dual sensor position, make axis of a weld vertical with the magnetic line of force, and be always positioned at magneto-optic imaging sensor into
As the centre of window, realize that simple curve weld seam detection and magneto-optic imaging sensor are adjusted with welding seam distance, for correcting magneto-optic
Imaging, obtains the data of face of weld form, is transferred to controller and carries out face of weld form three-dimensional reconstruction.
3. detection means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The low-and high-frequency magnetic field generator produces alternating magnetic field, computer control according to detection need to adjust the frequency in magnetic field and
Intensity size, makes fault location obtain optimal stray field, and high-permeability material low frequency magnetic field, high-permeability material high frequency magnetic
, expand the scope for being detected material.
4. detection means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The magneto-optic imaging sensor gathers the magneto optic images, and the leakage field perpendicular to workpiece surface occurs with workpiece intersection for defect
, magneto-optic imaging sensor produces magneto-optic effect in the presence of the magnetic field, makes the polarised light in magneto-optic imaging sensor logical
The different anglecs of rotation are produced when crossing magneto-optic sensor information, the light for containing weld defect Magnetic Field is anti-through polarization spectroscope
Received after penetrating by charge coupling device and to magnetic field distribution real time imagery, generate the magneto optic images of weld defect.
5. a kind of detection method of the detection means based on described in claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that：Computer first
Control magnetic field generator to produce alternating magnetic field, be simultaneously emitted by instruction and start structure light and the work of magneto-optic imaging sensor, it is synchronous
Focal point structured light sensor and magneto-optic imaging sensor collection weld data and the magneto optic images, and the information of acquisition is input to
Computer control；Then the three-dimensionally shaped form of weld seam and welding are obtained by corresponding three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm and image recognition algorithm
The type and size of defect, and the position of defect is showed on the image of three-dimensional reconstruction, realize the species of weld defect
The detection corresponding with position.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN107340328A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-11-10 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of weldment defect detecting system and detection method |
| CN107831211A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-23 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of method and device of metal weldment defects detection |
| CN107894217A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-10 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The recessed quantity measuring method of laser stitch welding weld seam based on line structure optical sensor |
| CN107984104A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-04 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of weld seam recognition tracks of device and automatic welding process equipment |
| CN108956758A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-07 | 北京西管安通检测技术有限责任公司 | A kind of pipe welding line detecting method and device |
| CN112816546A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-05-18 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Device and method for correcting sensor of complete machine of triaxial magnetic leakage internal detector |
| CN114243558A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-25 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司天台县供电公司 | Device and method for quickly identifying defects of power grid equipment |
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