CN105928798B - A kind of compost material compression property measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of compost material compression property measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105928798B CN105928798B CN201610518531.9A CN201610518531A CN105928798B CN 105928798 B CN105928798 B CN 105928798B CN 201610518531 A CN201610518531 A CN 201610518531A CN 105928798 B CN105928798 B CN 105928798B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/14—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by springs tension
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
This application involves a kind of compost material compression property measurement device and measuring methods, wherein compost material compression property measurement device includes that sample contains room, compression piston, compress poor metering device and load, it is the internal structure with cavity and open at one end that sample, which contains room, sample contains room for containing material, compression piston corresponds to cavity setting and one end of compression piston is arranged in cavity, load is arranged on compression piston, load can apply active force straight down to compression piston, and compressing compression piston moves downward it in cavity, compress the displacement that poor metering device is used to measure compression piston.Compost material compression property measurement device and measuring method provided herein contains indoor sample to be compacted sample by carrying out compression to piston using load come the compression property of response sample, the measurement of effective compression property is carried out to compost material using compost material compression property measurement device, to reasonably select conditioner and its proportion.
Description
Technical field
This application involves environmental technology fields, more particularly to a kind of device and survey that can measure compost material compression property
Determine method.
Background technique
Compost is the process that organic solid castoff solid fermentation is carried out using aerobic microbiological.Composting treatment mode master
It to include strip style, forced ventilation static pile formula and reactor type etc..In these processing modes, upper materials are for lower layer's object
Material generates apparent compression, in turn results in the parameters such as porosity, oxygen content and the temperature of different levels material in the presence of aobvious
The difference of work.Especially in forced ventilation static pile formula system, relatively high heap height improves the treatment effeciency of compost, together
When also result in the apparent compaction of heap body.
Control upper materials include heap height, the compression of composting material and conditioner for the factor of lower layer's material compaction
Characteristic, the proportion of compost material and initial water content etc..Wherein, the compression property of composting material and conditioner determines compost heap body
Height, and reasonably select conditioner and its proportion, suitable initial water content is arranged can influence mixture in turn again
The compression property of material.
Lack the device that can effectively measure compost material compression property in existing research, and uses three traditional axis pressures
The result that contracting experiment cannot be substantially satisfied with.
Therefore, it needs to develop a kind of new device and measurement side that can effectively carry out compost material compression property measurement
Method.
Summary of the invention
This application provides a kind of compost material compression property measurement device and measuring methods, efficiently solve existing
Triaxial compression test can not effectively obtain the problem of measurement result of compost material compression property.
The application provides a kind of compost material compression property measurement device, including to contain room, compression piston, compression poor for sample
Metering device and load, it is the internal structure with cavity and open at one end that the sample, which contains room, and the sample contains room
For containing material, the compression piston corresponds to the cavity setting and one end of the compression piston is arranged in the cavity
Interior, the load is arranged on the compression piston, and the load can apply effect straight down to the compression piston
Power, and compressing the compression piston moves downward it in the cavity, the poor metering device of the compression is described for measuring
The displacement of compression piston.
It preferably, further include load supporting devices, the load supporting devices are connected with the top of the compression piston, institute
It states load and the bottom compression for making the compression piston contain room towards the sample is set on the load supporting devices.
It preferably, further include bottom plate, the bottom that the sample contains room is arranged in the bottom plate.
It preferably, further include several first gag lever posts, first gag lever post is distributed in the surrounding that the sample contains room,
One end of first gag lever post is fixed on the bottom plate, and the other end of first gag lever post is filled across the load support
It sets and the load supporting devices is enable to move up and down along first gag lever post.
It preferably, further include the second gag lever post, one end of second gag lever post is fixed on the load supporting devices,
The load passes through second gag lever post and is arranged on the load supporting devices.
Preferably, the number of first gag lever post is four and is evenly distributed on the surrounding that the sample contains room.
Preferably, the poor metering device of the compression includes one or more graduated scales, and the graduated scale is relative to the pressure
The fixed setting of contracting piston, and be arranged along the axial direction that the sample contains room, multiple graduated scales are uniformly circumferentially distributed
In the outside of the compression piston.
It preferably, further include compressing poor observation area, the position setting that the poor observation area of compression corresponds to the graduated scale exists
The sample contains on room.
A kind of compression property measuring method is measured using above-mentioned compost material compression property measurement device, including
Following steps:
A. the indoor addition material is contained to predetermined altitude to the sample, stand to material sedimentation and reach steady
It is fixed；
B. continue to reach predetermined altitude above-mentioned to the indoor addition material to the material of sample splendid attire；
C. the sample is calculated according to the weight that the sample contains the indoor material and contains the indoor material
Initial bulk density；
D. the load is added on the compression piston, the weight of the load and the sample contain indoor material
Deng weight, stand；
E. reach stable to the material sinking, multiple decrements are read according to the poor metering device of the compression, are calculated flat
Mean value；
F. according to formulaWherein, Δ Mi+1To need sample weight to be added when i+1 time measurement
Amount, i value are the natural number of 0-9；MiThe weight of tested material when being measured for i-th；ΔhiBefore height is when measuring for i-th
The compressed distance of the material for the predetermined altitude stated；The weight of material added again is calculated, is compressed it to aforementioned predetermined altitude
When, Compression Settlement no longer occurs after continuing measurement to material compression according to abovementioned steps.
Preferably, in step a, the predetermined altitude is 300-500mm.
Technical solution provided by the present application can achieve it is following the utility model has the advantages that
Compost material compression property measurement device and measuring method provided herein is by living to compression using load
It fills in row compression and contains the compression property that indoor sample carrys out response sample to be compacted sample, utilize compost material compression property
Measurement device carries out the measurement of effective compression property to compost material, to reasonably select conditioner and its proportion.
It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, this can not be limited
Application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of compost material compression property measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 2 is that the different compost of the measurement of compost material compression property measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present application simulate height
Decrement under degree changes schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the different compost of the measurement of compost material compression property measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present application simulate height
Bulk density distribution schematic diagram under degree.
1, sample contains room；2, compression piston；3, poor metering device is compressed；4, load；5, load supporting devices；6, bottom
Plate；7, the first gag lever post；8, the second gag lever post；9, material.
The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and forms part of this specification, and shows the implementation for meeting the application
Example, and together with specification it is used to explain the principle of the application.
Specific embodiment
The application is described in further detail below by specific embodiment and in conjunction with attached drawing." preceding " in text,
" rear ", "left", "right", "upper", "lower" are using the placement status of the compost material compression property measurement device in attached drawing as reference.
In compost treatment mode, upper materials generate apparent compression for lower layer's material, in turn result in difference
There are significant differences for the parameters such as porosity, oxygen content and the temperature of level material.Upper materials are controlled for lower layer's material
The factor of compaction includes heap height, the compression property of composting material and conditioner, the proportion and initial water content of compost material
Deng.It studies the compression property of compost material and its with the relationship of material proportion and water content for improving Reactor structure, obtains most
Excellent compost environment has important meaning.Lack the device that can effectively measure compost material compression property in existing research,
And the result that cannot be substantially satisfied with using traditional triaxial compression test.
Based on the above reasons, as shown in Figure 1, this application provides a kind of compost material compression property measurement devices, including
Sample contains room 1, compression piston 2, compresses poor metering device 3 and load 4, and sample, which contains room 1, to be had for containing material 9
Cavity, and it is uncovered structure that sample, which contains one end of room 1, and the corresponding cavity of compression piston 2 is arranged and one end of compression piston 2 is set
It sets in cavity, load 4 is arranged on compression piston 2, and load 4 can apply active force straight down to compression piston 2, and
Compression compression piston 2, which moves downward it in cavity, is compacted the material 9 in cavity to simulate material 9 under certain compost height
Compression property, compress the displacement that poor metering device 3 is used to measure compression piston 2.
For better support loads 4, the application further includes load supporting devices 5,4 support construction of load and compression piston
2 top is connected, and load 4 is arranged in 4 support construction of load the bottom for making compression piston 2 contain room 1 towards sample and compresses.
In order to contain sample, 1 holding of room is horizontal, and the application further includes bottom plate 6, and bottom plate 6 is arranged in sample and contains room 1
Bottom.
In order to be evenly distributed to the power that load 4 is applied to load supporting devices 5 on compression piston 2, the application is also wrapped
Several first gag lever posts 7 are included, the first gag lever post 7 is distributed in the surrounding that sample contains room 1, and one end of the first gag lever post 7 is fixed on
On bottom plate 6, the other end of the first gag lever post 7 passes through load supporting devices 5 and enables load supporting devices 5 along the first gag lever post
7 move up and down.Due to the limit of the first gag lever post 7, in the power applied by load 4 a left side will not occur for load supporting devices 5
Right bank, but moved along the first gag lever post 7, thus guarantee power that load 4 applies can stepless action in compression piston 2
On.The application preferred embodiment can be set as four with gag lever post and be evenly distributed on the surrounding that sample contains room 1.
For constantly acting load 4, make it that left and right offset not occur on load supporting devices 5, the application further includes the second limit
Position bar 8, one end of the second gag lever post 8 are fixed on load supporting devices 5, and load 4 passes through the second gag lever post 8 and is arranged in load branch
On support arrangement 5.
The load supporting devices 5 of the application can preferred support plate, the principal plane area of support plate is greater than sample and contains room 1
Open area in order to being limited in the first gag lever post 7 to support plate.
In order to which the decrement preferably to material 9 is measured, the compression difference metering device 3 of the application include one or
Multiple graduated scales, graduated scale are fixedly installed relative to compression piston 2, and are arranged along the axial direction that sample contains room 1, multiple
Graduated scale is uniformly circumferentially distributed in the outside of compression piston 2, and graduated scale can carry out the decrement of 2 different directions of compression piston
Measurement, help to obtain the mean value of decrement.
In order to preferably observe the variation that sample contains 9 decrement of material in room 1, the application further includes compressing poor observation area
(not shown) compresses poor observation area and corresponds to the position setting of graduated scale on sample splendid attire room 1.Pass through compression difference observation
Area can clearly observe the compression situation of each material 9, convenient for judging whether the decline of material 9 reaches stable state.By
Different in compost material complicated component, moisture, pH value, compost material contains room to sample and causes to corrode in order to prevent, this Shen
Sample splendid attire chamber interior please can also coat protective layer (not shown) and sample splendid attire room is protected not corroded by compost material.
Present invention also provides a kind of compression property measuring method, this method is measured using above-mentioned compost material compression property
Device is measured the compression property of material 9, comprising the following steps:
A. it is contained in room 1 to sample and adds materials 9 to predetermined altitude 300-500mm, stand 1 hour until material 9 settles
Reach stable, sample contains 9 height of material in room 1 less than predetermined altitude at this time；
B. continue to sample contain room 1 in add materials 9 until addition material 9 and initial material 9 add up reach again
Predetermined altitude in step a；
C. sample contains the example weight in room 1 in measuring process b, and the weight of the material 9 in room 1 is contained according to sample
Calculate the initial bulk density that sample contains material 9 in room 1；
D. load 4 is added on compression piston 2, the weight and sample of load 4 contain the weights such as the material 9 in room 1, and ensure
Compression piston 2 is impartial, standing 1 hour, the simulation 300- in heap body of material 9 in all directions to the power that material 9 applies
The compaction for the upper materials 9 that the depths 500mm is subject to；
E. after the sinking of material 9 reaches and stablizes, eight decrements is read according to poor metering device 3 is compressed, calculate average value；
F. in order to make compaction in next compression processing inside tested material 9 uniformly and supplement material with it is original
The cumulative height of material is equal with the predetermined altitude in step a, and this application provides following calculation formula to calculate supplement material
Additive amount:Wherein, Δ Mi+1To need example weight to be added when i+1 time measurement, i value is
The natural number of 0-9；MiThe weight of tested material 9 when being measured for i-th；ΔhiHeight is predetermined height above-mentioned when measuring for i-th
The compressed distance of material 9 of degree；9 weight of material added again is calculated according to formula, and cumulative material 9 is compressed to step
When predetermined altitude in rapid a, continue that Compression Settlement no longer occurs after measurement is compressed to material 9 according to abovementioned steps.
Using the above method, compression suffered by the material 9 under the conditions of the application analog difference compost height.This
The material 9 of application can be municipal sludge, paper mill sludge, cow dung, sawdust, corn stover, wheat straw, leaf or above-mentioned each material 9
The mixed material being mixed to get according to different proportion.Pass through power function y=AxB, wherein A characterizes the initial of compressed material 9
Bulk density size, the anti-compression properties size of the tested material 9 of B reflection, B value is bigger, and the easier compression of material 9, B value is smaller, gets over
It is difficult to compress.
Below by taking paper mill sludge as an example, decrement variation and bulk density distribution situation under different compost simulated altitudes are such as
Shown in Fig. 2-3.
Compression performance test is carried out by the material 9 to different moisture content, obtains different power functions, to realize to not
With the measurement of the compression property under different heap high states of material 9 of water content.
The compost material compression property measurement device and measuring method of the application can be also used for household garbage-compressing characteristic
Measurement.During consumer waste filling and embedding, needs to be designed the compacted density of garbage loading embeading, above-mentioned apparatus and survey can be used
Determine method to be measured garbage-compressing characteristic, consequently facilitating the model and power of rolling apparatus are determined, to meet house refuse
The requirement of heap body compacted density is filled, and then is conducive to the formation of landfill heap body anaerobic processes, promotes the generation of methane gas.
Compost material compression property measurement device and measuring method provided herein is by living to compression using load
It fills in row compression and contains the compression property that indoor sample carrys out response sample to be compacted sample, utilize compost material compression property
Measurement device carries out the measurement of effective compression property to compost material, to reasonably select conditioner and its proportion.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for those skilled in the art
For member, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, it is made it is any modification,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of compression property measuring method, which is characterized in that surveyed using a kind of compost material compression property measurement device
It is fixed；
The compost material compression property measurement device includes that sample contains room, compression piston, compresses poor metering device and load
Lotus, it is the internal structure with cavity and open at one end that the sample, which contains room, and the sample splendid attire room is for containing material, institute
It states compression piston and corresponds to the cavity setting and one end setting of the compression piston in the cavity, the load setting exists
On the compression piston, the load can apply active force straight down to the compression piston, and compress the compression
Piston moves downward it in the cavity, the displacement for compressing poor metering device and being used to measure the compression piston；
The compression property measuring method the following steps are included:
A. the indoor addition material is contained to predetermined altitude to the sample, stand to material sedimentation and reach stable；
B. continue to reach predetermined altitude above-mentioned to the indoor addition material to the material of sample splendid attire；
C. the sample is calculated according to the weight that the sample contains the indoor material and contains the initial of the indoor material
Bulk density；
D. the load is added on the compression piston, the weight of the load and the sample contain indoor material etc.
Weight is stood；
E. reach stable to the material sinking, multiple decrements are read according to the poor metering device of the compression, calculate average value；
F. according to formulaWherein, Δ Mi+1To need example weight to be added when i+1 time measurement, i is taken
Value is the natural number of 0-9；MiThe weight of tested material when being measured for i-th；ΔhiHeight is above-mentioned pre- when measuring for i-th
Determine the compressed distance of material of height；The weight of material that adds again is calculated, when compressing it to aforementioned predetermined altitude, according to
After continuing measurement to material compression Compression Settlement no longer occurs for abovementioned steps；
G, pass through power function y=AxBJudge the anti-compression properties of tested material, wherein A characterizes the initial appearance of compressed material
It is great small, B value reflect tested material anti-compression properties size, B value is bigger, the easier compression of tested material, B value it is smaller then by
Material is surveyed to be more difficult to compress.
2. compression property measuring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step a, the predetermined altitude is
300-500mm。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610518531.9A CN105928798B (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2016-07-04 | A kind of compost material compression property measuring method |
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| CN201610518531.9A CN105928798B (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2016-07-04 | A kind of compost material compression property measuring method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107389449B (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-09-24 | 中南大学 | A kind of filling in mine material compression property experimental provision and its experimental method |
| CN110031326A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-19 | 益阳艾华富贤电子有限公司 | It is a kind of to compress askew test fixture and test method |
| CN113252550B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-05-26 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Roadbed filler compression tester and use method thereof |
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| CN205749149U (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-30 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of compost material compression property determinator |
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2016
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Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4333142A1 (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-03-30 | Hommel Rolf | Device of a portal design for compacting solids in containers |
| CN101271098A (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-24 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method and device for measuring sedimentation and volume weight of compost pile |
| CN205749149U (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-30 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of compost material compression property determinator |
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| "The behavior of compression and degradation for municipal solid waste and combined settlement calculation method";Jianyong Shi et al.;《Waste Management》;20151106;第55卷;第160页第5节，图7 |
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