CN102866077B - Device and method for measuring mass moisture content and volume density of soil by utilizing volume replacement measurement way - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring mass moisture content and volume density of soil by utilizing volume replacement measurement way Download PDFInfo
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- CN102866077B CN102866077B CN201210343248.9A CN201210343248A CN102866077B CN 102866077 B CN102866077 B CN 102866077B CN 201210343248 A CN201210343248 A CN 201210343248A CN 102866077 B CN102866077 B CN 102866077B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring mass moisture content and volume density of soil by utilizing a volume replacement measurement way. The device comprises a controller, a sampling vessel, a weighing device and a saturation system, wherein the controller is connected with the weighing device, and the saturation system comprises a pre-saturation pond and a water supply device. The method comprises the following steps that under the situation that the density of soil particles is known, a soil sample with a certain volume is taken, so initial mass of the soil sample can be measured, then pre-saturation treatment is conducted on the soil sample, water is continuously supplied to the soil sample so as to ensure the soil sample to be maintained at a saturated state, when the mass of the soil sample is constant, the mass of the soil sample at the saturation state is measured, and the mass moisture content of the soil sample can be calculated through a formula according to the volume of the soil sample, the soil particle density, the initial mass of the soil sample, the mass of the saturated soil sample and the water density. The volume replacement measurement way is used for directly measuring the mass moisture content and the volume density of the soil, so that simplicity and convenience in operation can be realized, the measurement precision is high, the instrument stability is good, time and labor can be saved, and the energy can be saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil quality water percentage and volume density fields of measurement, relate in particular to the device and method of a kind of volume displaced method survey soil quality water percentage and volume density.
Background technology
The direct measurement of soil quality water percentage and volume density is the basis of correlative study and application, very important in the research and practices such as soil mechanics, arable farming, field irrigation, ecologic environment.Particularly, along with water resources crisis becomes increasingly conspicuous, to water-saving agriculture, research is all paid close attention both at home and abroad, and soil quality water percentage has become the project of often measuring in water-saving agriculture research.In the engineerings such as production and construction, agricultural, water conservancy, need easy, Fast Measurement soil moisture content.
At present, the method for directly measuring soil moisture content mainly contains dries Weight or alcohol combustion method, and as the unique method of direct measurement soil water content, wherein drying Weight is standard method.These two kinds of bases that method is other all indirect measurement methods have the incomparable advantage of other indirect measurement method in measuring accuracy.The oven drying method of traditional measurement water percentage is more time-consuming and be not suitable for field work; Alcohol combustion method consumes the energy, and measuring accuracy is relatively low.Other indirect measurement methods (as TDR, FDR, gamma ray, capacitive transducer, Neutron etc.), must adopt one of above-mentioned two kinds of direct measuring method to calibrate and demarcate, exist simultaneously expensive, not easy to operate, may be to many-sided defects such as harm are larger.Therefore, direct measuring method is extremely important simply and easily.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The object of the invention is, a kind of method and device of measuring soil quality water percentage and volume density is provided, to overcome prior art much time power, waste resource, the defect such as expensive and not easy to operate.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of volume displaced method and survey the device of soil quality water percentage and volume density, the device that described volume displaced method is surveyed soil moisture content and volume density comprises controller, sampling container, weighing equipment and saturation system, controller is connected with weighing equipment, and described saturation system comprises presaturation pond and supply equipment.
Preferably, described sampling container bottom is provided with branch drain.
Preferably, described sampling container is sampling spoon.
Preferably, described controller is computing machine, is connected with weighing equipment by data line, in described computing machine, measurement control software is installed.
Preferably, described weighing equipment is electronic scales.
Preferably, the water level in described presaturation pond is lower than the upper surface of soil sample to be measured in sampling container.
Preferably, described supply equipment is weep pipe.
The present invention also provides a kind of volume displaced method to survey the method for soil quality water percentage and volume density, comprises the following steps:
S1, at known soil bulk density ρ
scondition under, the described soil sample of getting certain volume, records its initial mass;
S2, described soil sample is carried out to presaturation processing;
S3, the described soil sample through presaturation processing is continued to supply water, make it keep state of saturation, in the time that the constant mass of soil sample is constant, record its quality when saturated;
S4, according to volume V, the soil bulk density ρ of described soil sample
s, soil sample initial mass M
1, the mass M of soil sample when saturated
2and the density p of water
w, calculate quality water percentage and the volume density of described soil sample by formula.
Preferably, the soil bulk density ρ of described soil sample
sspan is 2600kg/m
3to 2800kg/m
3, the density of setting in the present invention conventional soil particle is 2653kg/m
3, the density of water is 1000kg/m
3.
Preferably, described formula is:
V
s×ρ
s+V
w×ρ
w=M
1
V
s×ρ
s+(V
w+V
a)×ρ
w=M
2
V
s+V
w+V
a=V
In formula, ρ
wrepresent the density of water, ρ
srepresent soil bulk density, V
arepresent gas volume in soil, V
wrepresent soil moisture volume, V
srepresent soil particle volume in soil, V represents soil cumulative volume, M
1represent initial mass, M
2represent the quality after saturated; Wherein ρ
s, ρ
wwith V be known, M
1and M
2also can obtain by weighing V
s, V
wand V
afor the unknown, can derive V by three formula above
s, V
wand V
athereby, obtain:
Soil quality water percentage=[(M
2-1000V
a)/(V
s× ρ
s)-1] × 100%;
Soil volume density=V
s× ρ
s/ V.
When the density of soil particle is 2653kg/m
3time;
Soil quality water percentage=[(M
2-1000V
a)/(V
s× 2653)-1] × 100%;
Soil volume density=V
s× 2653/V.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention utilizes volume displaced method directly to measure soil quality water percentage and volume density, simple to operation, measuring accuracy is high, stability of instrument is good, time saving and energy saving and save the energy, overcome the tradition of measuring for a long time soil moisture content and dry the problem such as much time power, waste resource that Weight and alcohol combustion method etc. exist.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the volume displaced method of the present invention is surveyed the device of soil quality water percentage and volume density;
Fig. 2 is presaturation of the present invention pond schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the three-phase separate Butut of soil sample of the present invention.
In figure, 1: computing machine; 2: electronic scales; 3: sampling spoon; 4: branch drain; 5: weep pipe; 6: data line; 7: presaturation pond.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but can not be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the controller of the present embodiment is computing machine 1, in described computing machine 1, measurement control software is installed; Sampling container is sampling spoon 3, and its bottom is provided with branch drain 4; Weighing equipment is electronic scales 2, and it is connected with computing machine 1 by data line 6; Supply equipment is weep pipe 5.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the course of work of the embodiment of the present invention is: first, the soil sample of soil quality water percentage to be measured and volume density is put into sampling spoon 3, or obtain undisturbed soil sample from field with sampling spoon 3, the soil bulk density of described soil sample is known, measure the initial mass of soil sample with electronic scales 2, and transmission is stored in computing machine 1, then, sampling spoon 3 is placed in to presaturation pond 7, the water level injecting in presaturation pond 7 is lower than the upper surface of sampling spoon 3 soil samples to be measured, the branch drain 4 of sampling spoon 3 bottoms can for 7 water flowings of presaturation pond, soil sample is by the state that reaches capacity of the capillary action between grogs, after presaturation a period of time, the sampling spoon 3 that soil sample to be measured is housed is taken out, dry sampling spoon 3 outer walls, be placed on electronic scales 2, for avoiding soil sample to form unsaturated state because of draining, adopt weep pipe 5 to continue to supply water to soil sample, make soil sample keep state of saturation to absorb water and reach relative equilibrium with draining, unnecessary water can be discharged by the branch drain 4 of sampling spoon 3 bottoms, when the gross mass of the water in sampling spoon 3 and soil sample no longer changes, be that electronic scales 2 registrations are stablized when constant, stop supplying water in soil sample, quality is now transferred in computing machine 1 by electronic scales 2, finally, according to the volume of soil sample, soil bulk density, soil sample initial mass and the quality of soil sample when saturated, and the quality of sampling spoon 3, automatically calculate and export soil quality water percentage by the measurement control software of installing in computing machine 1 and computing machine, also can calculate the volume density value of described soil sample simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 3, the three-phase separate Butut of soil sample, in the present invention, the Computing Principle of soil quality water percentage is: soil is the three-phase system of grogs, moisture and gas composition, the volume of soil and quality pack are containing volume and the quality of this three-phase.For the soil packing in certain volume sampling spoon 3, the shared quality of air is very little, measure in calculating negligible, the quality sum of the quality that the quality of moistening soil to be measured is water and soil particle.By keeping the skin wet soil is reached capacity to soil to be measured, with the volume of aeration porosity in the water displacement soil of certain volume, can obtain the volume of voids of unsaturated soil, i.e. V in figure
a.By total soil sample volume and the gas-filled space volume calculating, can calculate the volume of contained humidity in soil particle and soil, i.e. V in figure
swith V
w, the total volume V of soil is water volume V
w, soil particle volume V
swith gas volume V
asum.With behind the aeration porosity in the water displacement inflation soil of certain volume, and then can, according to the quality of the mass density of water and soil particle and incipient wetness soil sample, measure and calculate soil quality water percentage and volume density.
In soil sample, the quality of soil particle and water equals respectively their volumes separately and the product of density.Soil volume density size is relevant with chemistry and the mineral composition of soil, and the particle density of general soil is many at 2600kg/m
3to 2800kg/m
3in scope, the soil density that the content of organic matter is high is lower.Fine grained soil (cohesive soil) is generally at 2700kg/m
3to 2750kg/m
3, sand is generally at 2650kg/m
3left and right.When calculating, conventionally adopt average density value 2650kg/m
3.The density of the conventional soil particle of default is 2653kg/m in the present invention
3, the density of water is 1000kg/m
3.By computing machine and control software control measuring process, the quality after the initial mass of measurement certain volume soil and soil sample are saturated, and at known soil bulk density (2653kg/m
3) condition under, can automatically calculate, export and access soil quality water percentage and soil volume density value.
Soil quality water percentage of the present invention and volume density can be obtained according to three formula to calculating below:
V
s×ρ
s+V
w×ρ
w=M
1
V
s×ρ
s+(V
w+V
a)×ρ
w=M
2
V
s+V
w+V
a=V
In formula, ρ
wrepresent the density of water, ρ
srepresent soil bulk density, V
arepresent gas volume in soil, V
wrepresent soil moisture volume, V
srepresent soil particle volume in soil, V represents soil cumulative volume, M
1represent initial mass, M
2represent the quality after saturated; Wherein ρ
s, ρ
wwith V be known, M
1and M
2also can obtain by weighing V
s, V
wand V
afor the unknown, can derive V by three formula above
s, V
wand V
athereby, obtain:
Soil quality water percentage=[(M
2-1000V
a)/(V
s× ρ
s)-1] × 100%;
Soil volume density=V
s× ρ
s/ V.
When the density of soil particle is 2653kg/m
3time;
Soil quality water percentage=[(M
2-1000V
a)/(V
s× 2653)-1] × 100%;
Soil volume density=V
s× 2653/V.
According to specific experiment, adopt three kinds of earth materials below, be respectively and pick up from the glutinous loess of Yangling Shaanxi, the glutinous laterite (being called below T1, T2, T3) of Beijing silty loam and Jiangxi, to check the measurement precision of this device to different soils.
T1, T2, T3 are prefabricated into respectively 6 kinds of water percentage: wind desiceted soil (water percentage 2 ~ 3%), 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 30% volumetric water content; 3 kinds of soil density: 1.25g/cm
3, 1.35g/cm
3, 1.45g/cm
3.Three kinds of soil are made 54 parts of soil samples altogether.Every part of soil sample is measured soil quality water percentage by two kinds of methods respectively: the one, adopt traditional geotechnological measuring method, and dry Weight (be used for comparative illustration use the accuracy of measurement device of the present invention); Another kind is to use measurement device of the present invention.
For each soil, the following formula for soil quality water percentage (1) of drying Weight under different soils volume density and obtain with this measurement device is carried out to matching:
y=B×x+A （1）
In formula: y is for recording soil quality water cut value with this device; X is for drying Weight measured value, and A and B are respectively regression coefficient and regression constant.
Table 1.T1 fitting parameter in 3 kinds of soil density situations
| Soil density (g/cm 3） | A | B | R 2 |
| 1.25 | 0.51794 | 0.99430 | 0.9994 |
| 1.35 | 0.24465 | 1.00937 | 0.9997 |
| 1.45 | 0.43037 | 1.00111 | 0.9997 |
Table 2.T2 fitting parameter in 3 kinds of soil density situations
| Soil density (g/cm 3） | A | B | R 2 |
| 1.25 | 0.14402 | 1.00843 | 0.9997 |
| 1.35 | 0.23783 | 1.00898 | 0.9999 |
| 1.45 | 0.12348 | 1.02130 | 0.9998 |
Table 3.T3 fitting parameter in 3 kinds of soil density situations
| Soil density (g/cm 3） | A | B | R 2 |
| 1.25 | 0.62819 | 0.99560 | 0.9974 |
| 1.35 | 0.26524 | 1.00626 | 0.9995 |
| 1.45 | 0.10163 | 1.02393 | 0.9998 |
Can find out from table 1,2,3, for the different quality water percentage of every kind of soil, the soil quality water percentage recording with this device has good one-to-one relationship with the result that tradition oven dry Weight records, and the rationality with this measurement device is described.Parameter A is greater than zero, illustrate that the soil quality water percentage recording with this device is greater than the result being recorded by tradition oven dry Weight, when this is because dries Weight measurement by tradition, in soil sample after oven dry, still have 1 ~ 2% moisture content residual, and this part error often subject ignore, cause the water percentage that measures less than normal than true water cut value.So the soil quality water percentage obtaining with this measurement device more approaches actual value.
For each soil, each soil density, dries Weight and the soil quality water percentage that records with this device carries out error analysis comparison by tradition, and relative error, in 1% left and right, shows to have degree of precision with the measured value of this device, and result is as table 4.
The water percentage error ratio that table 4. the present invention and Traditional Method record is (%)
3 kinds of prefabricated soil densities of the soil volume density that this measurement device obtains and test compare analysis, and carry out matching according to formula (1), and wherein y is the density of the prefabricated three kinds of soil of test, x is the soil volume density that this measurement device obtains, fitting parameter is as table 5, R
2for the coefficient of determination, represent the goodness of fit, its absolute value more approaches 1, represents that relevant fit equation formula reference value is higher, and the coefficient of determination in table 5 is all greater than 0.99.
The fitting parameter of the soil volume density that the prefabricated soil density of table 5. and this measurement device obtain
| A | B | R 2 | |
| Yang Ling sticks loess | 8.6341 | 1.0095 | 0.998 |
| Beijing silty loam | 1.5016 | 1.0164 | 0.998 |
| Jiangxi sticks laterite | 30.1841 | 0.9958 | 0.996 |
B parameter in table 5 approaches 1, shows that the soil volume density and the prefabricated soil density that obtain with this measurement device have good one-to-one relationship; Parameter A is greater than 0, shows that prefabricated soil density is greater than the soil volume density that actual measurement obtains, and this further illustrates the impact of drying the remaining moisture of Weight.Error between soil volume density value and actual soil volume density value that result shows to obtain with this measurement device is less than 1%, has higher precision, and this device can be applied to and measure soil quality water percentage and soil volume density simultaneously.
Embodiments of the invention provide for example with for the purpose of describing, and are not exhaustively or limit the invention to disclosed form.Many modifications and variations are apparent for the ordinary skill in the art.Selecting and describing embodiment is for better explanation principle of the present invention and practical application, thereby and makes those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the present invention's design to be suitable for the various embodiment with various amendments of special-purpose.
Claims (5)
1. volume displaced method is surveyed a device for soil quality water percentage and volume density, it is characterized in that, comprises controller, sampling container, weighing equipment and saturation system;
Described controller is computing machine, is connected with described weighing equipment by data line, in described computing machine, measurement control software is installed;
Described saturation system comprises presaturation pond and supply equipment, and described supply equipment is weep pipe;
Described sampling container bottom is provided with branch drain, and in the time that described sampling container is placed in described presaturation pond, the water level in described presaturation pond is lower than the upper surface of soil sample to be measured in described sampling container.
2. volume displaced method according to claim 1 is surveyed the device of soil quality water percentage and volume density, it is characterized in that: described sampling container is sampling spoon.
3. volume displaced method according to claim 1 is surveyed the device of soil quality water percentage and volume density, it is characterized in that, described weighing equipment is electronic scales.
4. a method of utilizing in claim 1-3 device described in any one to realize volume displaced method to survey soil quality water percentage and volume density, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, at known soil bulk density ρ
scondition under, the soil sample of getting certain volume, records its initial mass;
S2, described soil sample is carried out to presaturation processing;
S3, the described soil sample through presaturation processing is continued to supply water, make it keep state of saturation, in the time that the constant mass of soil sample is constant, record its quality when saturated;
S4, according to volume V, the soil bulk density ρ of described soil sample
s, soil sample initial mass M
1, the mass M of soil sample when saturated
2and the density p of water
w, calculating quality water percentage and the volume density of described soil sample by formula, described formula is,
V
s×ρ
s+V
w×ρ
w＝M
1
V
s×ρ
s+(V
w+V
a)×ρ
w＝M
2
V
s+V
w+V
a＝V
In formula, ρ
wrepresent the density of water, ρ
srepresent soil bulk density, V
arepresent gas volume in soil, V
wrepresent soil moisture volume, V
srepresent soil particle volume in soil, V represents soil cumulative volume, M
1represent initial mass, M
2represent the quality after saturated; Wherein ρ
s, ρ
wwith V be known, M
1and M
2also can obtain by weighing V
s, V
wand V
afor the unknown, can derive V by three formula above
s, V
wand V
athereby, obtain:
Soil quality water percentage=[(M
2-1000V
a)/(V
s× ρ
s)-1] × 100%;
Soil volume density=V
s× ρ
s/ V.
5. volume displaced method according to claim 4 is surveyed the method for soil quality water percentage and volume density, it is characterized in that: the soil bulk density ρ of described soil sample
sspan is 2600kg/m
3to 2800kg/m
3, the density of water is 1000kg/m
3.
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| CN201210343248.9A CN102866077B (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | Device and method for measuring mass moisture content and volume density of soil by utilizing volume replacement measurement way |
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| CN201210343248.9A CN102866077B (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | Device and method for measuring mass moisture content and volume density of soil by utilizing volume replacement measurement way |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103115836A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-22 | 中国农业大学 | Method and device for measuring soil mass moisture content |
| CN103604717B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-08-24 | 中国农业大学 | Measure volume displacement method and the equipment of soil quality moisture content |
| CN103592202B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-02-24 | 中国农业大学 | Measure volume displacement method and the equipment of the soil weight and water percentage |
| CN103592201B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-12-02 | 中国农业大学 | Measure volume displacement method and the equipment of soil bulk density |
| CN105910846B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2020-02-07 | 镇江市建设工程质量检测中心有限公司 | Soil sampler for testing soil density by ring cutter method |
| CN108627419B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2024-07-12 | 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 | Coal density real-time measurement system and method |
| CN108627423A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-09 | 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 | A kind of automation coal device for detecting density and method |
| CN108627420A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-09 | 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 | One kind automatically determining coal density system and method |
| CN108627418B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2024-07-12 | 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 | Coal density real-time measurement device |
| CN108627421A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-09 | 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 | One kind automatically determining coal density devices |
| CN108871996B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2023-11-10 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for measuring soil mass water content and soil volume weight on site |
| CN109870386B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2024-06-07 | 浙江省工程物探勘察设计院有限公司 | Sample density testing system for rock-soil investigation test |
| CN111257166A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for measuring soil volume weight |
| CN110967470B (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-12-08 | 惠安迎创科技有限公司 | Soil moisture content check out test set |
| CN111999211A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-27 | 湖南大学 | Method for acquiring soil pore water density |
| CN116559025B (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2024-05-24 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Density-based sludge water content detection device and detection method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4068525A (en) * | 1976-09-20 | 1978-01-17 | Soilmoisture Equipment Corporation | Portable tensiometer for soil moisture measurement |
| SU1755188A1 (en) * | 1989-10-11 | 1992-08-15 | Почвенный институт им.В.В.Докучаева | Method for determining water permeability of soil |
| WO2006063074A2 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-15 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Centrifuge permeameter for unsaturated soils system |
| CN101344474B (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2011-03-23 | 中国农业大学 | Method for measuring porosity of soil |
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