CN105925266B - Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving sandy soil of peanut field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving sandy soil of a peanut field, which comprises sodium alginate, chrysanthemum, Chinese honeylocust fruit, mulberry leaf, honeysuckle, houttuynia cordata, dried orange peel, clove, coconut shell, gingko peel and costus root. The Chinese herbal medicine bactericide for improving sandy soil is suitable for being used when the peanuts are turned over before being sown, and the Chinese herbal medicine bactericide for improving sandy soil is mixed into the soil or spread on a plough layer, so that water and fertilizer can be stored, diseases are prevented, the soil quality is improved, and meanwhile, the circulation of air in root soil is not influenced.

Description

Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving sandy soil of peanut field

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of a Chinese herbal medicine bactericide for improving sandy soil, in particular to a sandy soil improving and disease preventing and treating agent for peanut planting.

Background

Peanuts are one of important oil crops, and the perennial planting area is more than 400 million hectares, which accounts for about 35 percent of the total sowing area of the oil crops.

The requirement of peanut cultivation on soil is that the growth and development of peanut root systems need a soil condition which is not only permeable to air and water, but also water and fertilizer. The soil environment with the factors of moisture, air, nutrient, temperature and the like for supplying coordination is required, and when the peanuts are cultivated with high quality and high yield, deep, living, loose and soft high-yield soil and a loose and solid soil layer structure are required to be created.

The high-yield cultivation of peanuts has the following 3-point requirements on the soil structure. 1. The soil with the fructification layer loosened by 0-10cm from the topsoil layer is required to be the part for peanut growth and fruiting soil fructification, so the peanut fructification layer is called as the fructification layer. The soil of the solid layer is preferably sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam which is not scattered when dry, is not slackened when wet and has good tilth. The soil permeability is good, and good peanut fields have basic conditions of deep and thick plough layer, loose pod layer, high fertility and the like. 2. The plough layer is required to be fertile, and the plough layer is a root system with over 80 percent of main root groups with the strongest fertilizer absorption capacity). The peanut roots are mainly distributed on a 0-30 cm plough layer, the soil property of the plough layer is tighter than that of a fructification layer, and the plough layer is also a main soil layer for supplying peanut nutrients and moisture after frequent cultivation and fertilization. The soil texture is silt loam to sandy loam. The nutrient content of the soil is required to be slightly larger than that of the seed layer. 3. The deep and high-yield peanut root of the whole soil layer is required to be more than 1 meter deep, so that the whole soil layer of the peanut high-yield field is required to be more than 1 meter deep. The soil layer 30-50 cm below the cultivation layer is a core soil layer, the artificial cultivation influence of the soil layer is small, and the soil is silty private loam or sandy loam. The bottom soil layer is arranged below the core soil layer, is slightly influenced by the atmosphere, has firm texture and slow substance conversion. The thickness of the layer is more than 50 cm, and the layer has no influence on the cultivated layer, but is very important for storing water and fertilizer. The thickness of the whole soil layer is more than 100 cm. In the soil structure of deep, loose, soft and fertile soil and the soil layer structure of loose top and solid bottom, the pores of the capillary tube are big top and small bottom, the pores of the non-capillary tube are big top and small bottom, the upper layer is ventilated and permeable, the temperature difference between day and night is big, the lower layer stores water and keeps fertilizer, the heat capacity is high, and the water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are coordinated and unified. The soil condition lays a foundation for high yield of peanuts. The peanut cultivation method is beneficial to growth of peanut root systems and accumulation of nutrient substances, creates a better environment for reproduction and activity of microorganisms, and is beneficial to continuous decomposition of nutrients, so that the requirements of the whole growth process of peanuts are continuously supplied, and the peanuts are high and stable in yield.

Meanwhile, the soil-borne diseases of the peanuts are also one of the main causes of yield reduction of the peanuts, particularly the soil-borne diseases of the peanuts in recent years are serious, and the common diseases mainly include crown rot, root rot, southern blight, root knot nematode disease and the like of the peanuts.

Peanut crown rot: the peanut crown rot pathogen is Aspergillus niger V.Tiegh, belonging to Deuteromycotina, Aspergillus niger. The peanut cultivation method is commonly used in peanut production areas of Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and the like in China, and the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking are caused. Peanuts can be infected with crown rot from sowing and unearthing to maturity, but mainly occur in the seedling stage or the early growth stage of the peanuts. Germs can infect the kernels, cotyledons and basal stems. The kernels which swell after absorbing water and do not germinate are infected by germs and can rot but can not germinate, and a layer of black mold grows on the surface of the damaged part of the peanut. After the kernels germinate, germs can infect the cotyledons, and the cotyledons become black and rot without coming out of the soil; the hypocotyls are immersed in water and have a light brown color and black mildew layer. In the seedling stage of the peanut, the germs firstly infect the residual cotyledon and then infect the stem base part of the peanut. The diseased part is initially yellow brown and sunken, the edge of the diseased part is brown, the diseased part is rapidly enlarged later, the cortex is longitudinally split, the tissue is dry and rotten, and finally only broken fibrous tissue is left. In the presence of moisture, the affected area develops a black mold layer (conidia of the pathogen in the stalk and conidia) very quickly. The diseased part was longitudinally incised, and the vascular bundle and medulla part were seen to turn purple-brown. When the diseased plant is pulled up, the diseased part of the stem base is easily broken. The stem base is rotten, and the vascular bundle tissue is damaged, so that the stem leaves of the overground part show a water loss state, the leaves are involuted and lose luster, the leaf margin is slightly curled inwards, and the diseased plant gradually wilts and withers. The peanut has less morbidity in the later growth period. If the disease occurs at the root neck part below the stem node, new roots can grow when the soil is moist, and the diseased plant can also recover to grow.

Peanut fusarium root rot: the peanut alternaria root rot is one of the most important root diseases of peanuts at present and is on a rising trend year by year. The pathogen is Fusarium of Deuteromycotina, can live through winter in soil and living seeds of diseased residual bodies, can survive for years in soil, and can cause peanut root rot in all growth periods of peanuts. Pre-emergence infection can cause seed rot and bud rot; the damage in the seedling stage causes seedling withering; the damage in the adult plant period causes root rot, stem base rot and pod rot, the overground part of the diseased plant is short and small, the growth is poor, the leaves become yellow, and finally the whole plant is withered. The disease is mainly at root and vascular bundle, so that the root of the disease is browned and rotten, the vascular bundle is browned, the main root is shriveled and dry-rotted, the shape of the disease is similar to the tail of a rat, and the surface of the affected part has a yellowish white to reddish mildew layer (conidiophore and conidia of the pathogen).

Southern blight of peanut: the asexual generation of the pathogenic bacteria is Sclerotium rolfssi Sacc, which belongs to fungi imperfecti and Sclerotium. The survival time of sclerotia on dry soil or dry plant is longer; in the wet condition, the survival time is shorter. The host range of the pathogen is wide, and more than 60 families and more than 200 plants can be infected. Is distributed all over the world and becomes one of the main peanut diseases in China. Southern blight occurs mostly in adult peanut plants, and germs mainly infect the basal stem parts close to the ground. The affected part turns brown and soft rot at the initial stage, and a layer of white sericite mycelium grows on the surface of the lesion. Under proper conditions, hypha spreads to the middle and lower part of the plant and spreads among branches and plants. When the soil is wet and shaded, a layer of white mycelium is fully distributed on the soil surface plant residues and organic matters around the plant. Many spherical sclerotia (diameter 0.5-2.0 mm) are formed in the mycelium. The sclerotium is white at first, and then turns dark brown, and the surface is smooth and hard. The affected stem base decays, the cortex falls off, leaving fibrous tissue. The leaves of the plants turn yellow, the edges are scorched and finally withered and die. The damaged fruit stem and pod grow a lot of white hyphae which are rotten like wet rot.

At the present stage, no sand improvement and disease control agent for peanut planting exists.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving sandy soil of a peanut field, and aims to solve the problems that the existing sandy soil for planting peanuts is poor in water storage and animal manure capacity and harmful bacteria are easy to grow in the soil.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving sandy soil of peanut field comprises sodium alginate, flos Chrysanthemi, fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis, folium Mori, flos Lonicerae, herba Houttuyniae, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, flos Caryophylli, coconut shell, semen Ginkgo peel, and radix aucklandiae.

Further, the Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving the sandy soil of the peanut field comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of sodium alginate, 5-10 parts of chrysanthemum, 2-8 parts of Chinese honeylocust fruit, 5-10 parts of mulberry leaf, 2-5 parts of honeysuckle, 1-7 parts of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 2-5 parts of dried orange peel, 2-5 parts of clove, 4-5 parts of coconut shell, 2-5 parts of ginkgo biloba husk and 3-6 parts of costustoot.

The Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving the sandy soil of the peanut field comprises the following components in parts by weight:

weighing chrysanthemum, Chinese honeylocust fruit, mulberry leaf, honeysuckle, houttuynia cordata, dried orange peel, clove, coconut shell, ginkgo biloba skin and costus root according to the weight parts, soaking in water at 25-30 ℃ for 2 hours, boiling, continuously heating for 20-30 minutes, annealing and cooling, filtering decoction dregs, adding the sodium alginate in the weight parts, stirring and drying.

The bactericide can be prepared into granules, powder and the like. The particle size can be selected and prepared according to the soil quality of sandy soil.

The sodium alginate is weakly acidic, is suitable for peanut planting, has hydrophilic property, is weakly colloidal after meeting water, has the water retention function, can improve the density of soil, and can adsorb other traditional Chinese medicine components to ensure the slow release of the drug effect. The purposes of water storage and fertilizer storage are achieved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.

The bactericide is also suitable for other plants planted in sandy soil;

the bactericide is also suitable for planting other neutral and acid soil plants;

the bactericide is also suitable for improving alkaline soil and improving the alkali resistance of plants.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the modifier is suitable for being used when the peanuts are turned over before being sown, and the modifier is mixed into the soil or spread on a plough layer, so that water and fertilizer can be stored, diseases are prevented, soil quality is improved, and air circulation in root soil is not affected.

Detailed Description

Example 1

50 parts of sodium alginate, 5 parts of chrysanthemum, 2 parts of Chinese honeylocust fruit, 5 parts of mulberry leaf, 2 parts of honeysuckle flower, 1 part of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 2 parts of dried orange peel, 2 parts of clove, 4 parts of coconut shell, 2 parts of ginkgo biloba skin and 3 parts of costustoot.

The Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving the sandy soil of the peanut field comprises the following components in parts by weight:

weighing chrysanthemum, Chinese honeylocust fruit, mulberry leaf, honeysuckle, houttuynia cordata, dried orange peel, clove, coconut shell, ginkgo biloba skin and costus root according to the weight parts, soaking in water at 25-30 ℃ for 2 hours, boiling, continuously heating for 20-30 minutes, annealing and cooling, filtering decoction dregs, adding the sodium alginate in the weight parts, stirring and drying.

Example 2

70 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of chrysanthemum, 8 parts of Chinese honeylocust fruit, 10 parts of mulberry leaf, 5 parts of honeysuckle flower, 7 parts of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 5 parts of dried orange peel, 5 parts of clove, 5 parts of coconut shell, 5 parts of ginkgo biloba skin and 6 parts of costustoot.

The Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving the sandy soil of the peanut field comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the same as in example 1.

Example 3

60 parts of sodium alginate, 8 parts of chrysanthemum, 6 parts of Chinese honeylocust fruit, 8 parts of mulberry leaf, 3 parts of honeysuckle flower, 5 parts of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 3 parts of dried orange peel, 3 parts of clove, 4 parts of coconut shell, 5 parts of ginkgo biloba skin and 4 parts of costustoot.

The Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving the sandy soil of the peanut field comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the same as in example 1.

Example 4

65 parts of sodium alginate, 6 parts of chrysanthemum, 4 parts of Chinese honeylocust fruit, 7 parts of mulberry leaf, 3 parts of honeysuckle flower, 4 parts of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 5 parts of dried orange peel, 2 parts of clove, 5 parts of coconut shell, 3 parts of ginkgo biloba skin and 5 parts of costustoot.

The Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving the sandy soil of the peanut field comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the same as in example 1.

And (3) verification test: the bactericide is used for carrying out a sand soil improvement effect test and a soil-borne disease prevention test in a Laxi test field of peanut research institute in Shandong province, the test fields are divided into two blocks, the test fields for carrying out sand soil improvement are test field No. 1 and test field No. 2, the test fields for preventing soil-borne disease are test field No. 3 and test field No. 4

(1) Dividing a test field 1 for sand improvement into 6 areas 1-1 to 1-6; the test field No. 2 is also divided into 6 areas, 2-1 to 2-6. 1-1 to 1-6 are experimental groups, the Chinese herbal medicine bactericide for improving sandy soil prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is used, the bactericide is spread on a plough layer, and 2-1 to 2-6 are control groups. The irrigation is carried out once when the peanuts are sown, and then the irrigation is not carried out any more.

Soil moisture, soil bulk weight and porosity were measured during the peanut flowering period (see table 1 for results). Soil moisture determination adopts an aluminum box drying and weighing method to determine soil moisture of soil layers of 0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20-40 cm; and (3) soil volume weight determination: the soil volume weight is determined by adopting a cutting ring method, soil samples of 0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers are respectively taken by adopting a cutting ring, and the calculation formula of the soil volume weight is as follows: dry weight of soil (g)/volume of cutting ring (cm)³)。

Porosity of soil: soil porosity (%) -93.947-32.995 d (soil bulk weight).

TABLE 1 variation of soil Water content, soil bulk weight and soil porosity in different soil layers

As can be seen from Table 1, the sandy soil conditioner can improve the water content of the soil of 0-40cm in the peanut seedling stage after being applied. As the sandy soil conditioner is in the water absorption process after being applied to the soil, and the applied layer is 0-15cm, the sandy soil conditioner can gather the water of the soil layer nearby to the applied layer, and the water content of the soil layer 20-40cm closest to the applied layer is reduced. But the water content of the soil in the soil layer of 0-10cm is reduced due to the evaporation and the loss of the surface soil, while the water content of the soil layer of 10-20cm is still kept higher due to the water retention function of the sandy soil conditioner, and water is slowly released for the growth of crops in the seedling stage.

The volume weight and the porosity of the soil are basic physical properties of the soil, directly influence the water retention and movement energy of the soil, the air permeability, the insertion difficulty of crop roots and the like, and indirectly influence the growth of peanut plants. As can be seen from Table 1, the volume weight of soil between different soil layers is 10-20cm < 0-10cm < 20-40cm, the porosity is 10-20cm > 0-10cm > 20-40cm, the volume weight of soil for different treatments is smaller than that of the control, but the volume weight and the porosity of soil are different between different soil layers, wherein the soil layer with 10-20cm is affected greatly, and the soil layer with 0-10cm is affected slightly by the soil layer with 20-40 cm.

According to the observation of the growth state of the peanuts, the peanuts planted in the control groups of 2-1 to 2-6 have water shortage conditions in 30 days after watering, the leaves are slightly dry and droop, and the peanuts planted in the control groups of 1-1 to 1-6 still have good growth state in 30 days after watering.

(2) Dividing a test field No. 3 for preventing and controlling peanut soil-borne diseases into 6 areas, 3-1-3-6; the test field No. 4 is also divided into 6 areas, 4-1 to 4-6. 3-1 to 3-6 are experimental groups, the bactericide prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is spread on a plough layer, and 4-1 to 4-6 are control groups.

The crown rot of the peanuts starts to be investigated after the emergence of the peanuts and ends at the initial flowering stage. The peanut root rot and the peanut southern blight bacteria are investigated 10 days before the peanut is harvested.

The disease rate is the number of diseased plants/total plants multiplied by 100%

Disease index ═ Σ (number of disease-level representative values × number of disease-level plants) × 100/(number of survey-level plants × number of highest-level disease-level representative values)

The prevention and treatment effect is [ (control disease index-treatment disease index)/control disease index ] × 100%

The field experiments show that the Chinese herbal medicine bactericide for improving the sandy soil of the peanut field is used for treating peanuts, and the field experiments show that the Chinese herbal medicine bactericide has obvious control effects on crown rot, scab, root rot and southern blight of the peanuts (tables 2, 3 and 4).

TABLE 2 preventive and control effects of the agents on crown rot of peanut in field

TABLE 3 preventive and control effects of the agents on flower root rot in the field

TABLE 4 preventive and treatment effects of the agents on cotton blight in the field

The verification tests of the embodiments 1, 2 and 4 in the embodiment 3 prove that the water-storing slow-release pesticide composition has obvious excellent effects on water storage, slow release of the pesticide and disease control.

In conclusion, the Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving the sandy soil of the peanut field not only can effectively prevent and treat peanut soil-borne diseases, but also has a water storage function.

In the above embodiments, the best mode of the present invention has been described, and it is apparent that many changes can be made under the inventive concept of the present invention. It should be noted here that any changes made under the inventive concept of the present invention shall fall within the protective scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A Chinese herbal medicine bactericide suitable for improving sandy soil of a peanut field is characterized in that: the components are as follows in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of sodium alginate, 5-10 parts of chrysanthemum, 2-8 parts of Chinese honeylocust fruit, 5-10 parts of mulberry leaf, 2-5 parts of honeysuckle, 1-7 parts of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 2-5 parts of dried orange peel, 2-5 parts of clove, 4-5 parts of coconut shell, 2-5 parts of ginkgo biloba husk and 3-6 parts of costustoot;

the bactericide is applied to plants planted in sandy soil.

2. The Chinese herbal medicine bactericide for improving sandy soil of a peanut field as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared by:

weighing chrysanthemum, Chinese honeylocust fruit, mulberry leaf, honeysuckle, houttuynia cordata, dried orange peel, clove, coconut shell, ginkgo biloba skin and costus root according to the weight parts, soaking in water at 25-30 ℃ for 2 hours, boiling, continuously heating for 20-30 minutes, annealing and cooling, filtering decoction dregs, adding the sodium alginate in the weight parts, stirring and drying.

3. The herbal fungicide of claim 1, suitable for sandy soil improvement of peanut fields, characterized in that: the application in neutral and acid soil plant planting.

4. The herbal fungicide of claim 1, suitable for sandy soil improvement of peanut fields, characterized in that: the application in the improvement of alkaline soil.