CN105925173A - 一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法。首先利用PLL与铜离子之间的螯合作用制备出PLL/铜离子复合物,再利用PLL与硫酸软骨素之间能发生静电交互作用形成纳米粒子的特性,将PLL/铜离子复合物与硫酸软骨素进行混合,形成铜离子螯合型纳米离子。然后在316L不锈钢表面制备DM涂层,利用DM与伯氨基可发生西弗碱反应的特性,将含有氨基的纳米粒子固定至样品表面,从而构建具有抗凝、抗增生及刺激内皮再生的多功能表面。本发明在316L不锈钢表面构建具有多种生物功能特性的纳米粒子涂层,显著改善了材料的抗凝及抗增生性能,同时能提高内皮损伤修复能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米粒子制备技术和无机材料表面改性技术,特别涉及不锈钢基心血管植入材料表面的生物改性方法。
背景技术
316L不锈钢具有良好的机械性能和优异的耐腐蚀性能,在生物医用材料领域如骨材料、牙种植体、心血管植入材料等有着广泛的应用。但对于一些特殊应用的领域,如作为血管支架材料用于冠心病的治疗,其安全性和生物相容性还远未达到临床要求。其中,316L不锈钢血液相容性差以及对于血管内膜增生和炎症反应等无抑制作用是制约其应用的主要方面。
通过对材料表面进行生物化改性,构建合理的生物微环境,赋予材料良好的抗凝、抗增生及诱导内皮再生能力是改善其生物相容性的有效方法。铜离子是一种人体所必须的关键金属离子,虽然铜摄入过量会引起重金属中毒,但微量的铜离子对调控细胞信号通路及生物学应答方面具有重要作用。特别的,铜离子具有刺激血管细胞胞外基质重建、增强血管再生以及诱导NO释放等功能,对调控血管内平衡、抑制内膜再生、抑制血栓形成具有显著作用。硫酸软骨素(CS)是一种广泛存在于细胞外基质中的糖胺聚糖,具有优异的清除胆固醇和防治动脉粥样硬化的功能。此外,也具有良好的刺激血管内皮生长和一定的抗凝效果。
多聚赖氨酸(PLL)是一种富含氨基的氨基酸聚合物,在酸性及中性环境下呈强正电性,能与成负电性的CS通过静电交互作用形成具有三维结构的纳米粒子。此外,多聚赖氨酸因其特殊的分子构象,可通过侧链氨基以及酰胺I带与铜离子发生强烈的螯合作用。利用PLL与CS及铜离子之间的相互作用,可制备出铜离子螯合型PLL/CS纳米粒子,并进一步利用纳米粒子中PLL衍生的氨基可与多巴胺涂层发生西弗碱反应的特性,在材料表面构建纳米粒子涂层。
这种纳米粒子生物涂层能显著提高材料表面的血液相容性,抑制平滑肌细胞的过度增生,同时促进血管内皮细胞再生,刺激损伤修复。而目前尚无将铜离子螯合型PLL/CS纳米粒子作为生物涂层用于316L不锈钢材料表面生物化改性的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法,通过该方法对316L不锈钢材料表面进行生物化改性可有效提高材料的血液相容性,抑制内膜增生并刺激内皮再生。
本发明实现以上目的采用的技术方案是,一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法,其步骤包含:
A、铜离子螯合型纳米粒子的制备:将浓度为0.1mM-10.0mM的CuCl2水溶液与浓度为2.0-5.0mg/ml分子量150-300KDa的多聚赖氨酸PLL溶液等体积混合,室温下静置1-3小时;然后将上述复合液与浓度为10-50mg/ml的硫酸软骨素溶液等体积混合,即得铜离子螯合型纳米粒子悬液;
B、聚多巴胺涂层的沉积:在316L医用不锈钢表面沉积聚多巴胺涂层,并于60℃下热处理12小时;
C、纳米粒子生物涂层的制备:将B步骤中沉积有聚多巴胺涂层的样品浸泡于A步骤获得的纳米粒子悬液中,在15-40℃下振荡反应6-24小时,双蒸水漂洗后得到目标物。
参见说明书附图1,本发明的反应过程与机理分为两个部分,第一部分为铜离子螯合型纳米粒子的制备。在pH=5的NaCl体系中,利用铜离子与PLL分子中伯胺基及酰胺I带之间特异性的螯合作用,首先制备PLL/铜离子复合物;其次利用CS与PLL可发生静电交互作用形成纳米粒子的特性,制备得到含铜离子的PLL/CS纳米粒子。第二部分为材料表面纳米粒子涂层的制备。首先利用多巴胺在弱碱性条件下能与金属表面发生配位结合并自聚成膜的特性,在316L不锈钢表面制备出具多巴胺涂层。得到的多巴胺涂层具有二次反应性,能与纳米粒子中PLL衍生的伯胺基发生西弗碱反应,利用该特性可将含铜离子的PLL/CS固定在多巴胺涂层表面,从而实现纳米粒子涂层的构建。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
一、利用生物分子与金属离子之间的特异性作用,创造性的制备出一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子,并用于316L不锈钢表面生物化改性。通过该种方法,可在不影响化学价态的前提下将铜离子引入材料表面,从而正常发挥其生物功能。
二、通过静电交互作用制备的纳米粒子,其内部生物分子活性得到较好的保持。同时,纳米粒子特殊的三维结构有利于控制金属离子和生物分子的释放,实现长期调控血管内细胞生物行为。
三、纳米粒子涂层的构建工艺及固定方法均简单易操作,无需昂贵复杂的设备,工艺成本较低,可控制性强,效果显著。
四、316L不锈钢表面多巴胺涂层的制备及纳米粒子的固定均采用浸泡方式进行,可保证材料各个部分能均匀的固定上生物分子,有利于实现各种结构复杂的器械表面的生物功能化修饰,适用范围广。
附图说明
图1为铜离子螯合型纳米粒子涂层的构建过程示意图。(A)纳米粒子的制备;(B)多巴胺涂层的制备;(C)纳米粒子在多巴胺涂层表面的固定。
图2为纳米粒子固定前后,样品表面阿辛蓝染色结果显微对比照片。
图3为不同样品表面傅立叶红外光谱结果。其中,A为多巴胺涂层;B为不含铜离子的纳米涂层;C为含铜离子纳米涂层。
图4为纳米粒子涂层的释放行为图,其中:(A)模拟体内流场条件下,纳米粒子涂层中硫酸软骨素和铜离子的释放行为;(B)15min内,纳米粒子涂层催化NO供体释放NO的定量检测结果。
图5为样品表面血小板粘附316L不锈钢和纳米粒子涂层2小时后的扫描电镜对照图片。
图6为血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞在样品表面培养3天后的荧光染色结果对照图片,其中:A和B分别为血管内皮细胞在316L不锈钢和纳米粒子涂层样品表面培养3天后的荧光染色结果对照图片,C和D分别为平滑肌细胞在316L不锈钢和纳米粒子涂层样品表面培养3天后的荧光染色结果对照图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的方法作进一步详细的说明。
实施例一
参见图1,本发明的第一种具体实施方式是,一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法,其步骤为:
A、铜离子螯合型纳米粒子的制备:将浓度为0.1mM的CuCl2水溶液与浓度为2.0mg/ml的多聚赖氨酸(PLL,分子量150-300KDa)溶液等体积混合,室温下静置1小时。然后将上述复合液与浓度为10mg/ml的硫酸软骨素溶液等体积混合,即得铜离子螯合型纳米粒子;
B、聚多巴胺涂层的沉积:在316L医用不锈钢表面沉积聚多巴胺涂层,并于60℃下热处理12小时;一方面对样品烘干,另一方面是加速多巴胺涂层中酚羟基向醌基的转变,便于后续生物分子的固定
C、纳米粒子生物涂层的制备:将B步骤中沉积有聚多巴胺涂层的样品浸泡于A步骤获得的纳米粒子悬液中,在15℃下振荡反应24小时,双蒸水漂洗后即得。
实施例二
一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法,其步骤为:
A、铜离子螯合型纳米粒子的制备:将浓度为10.0mM的CuCl2水溶液与浓度为5.0mg/ml的多聚赖氨酸(PLL,分子量150-300KDa)溶液等体积混合,室温下静置3小时。然后将上述复合液与浓度为50mg/ml的硫酸软骨素溶液等体积混合,即得铜离子螯合型纳米粒子;
B、聚多巴胺涂层的沉积:在316L医用不锈钢表面沉积聚多巴胺涂层,并于60℃下热处理12小时;
C、纳米粒子生物涂层的制备:将B步骤中沉积有聚多巴胺涂层的样品浸泡于A步骤获得的纳米粒子悬液中,在40℃下振荡反应6小时,双蒸水漂洗后即得。
实施例三
一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法,其步骤为:
A、铜离子螯合型纳米粒子的制备:将浓度为5mM的CuCl2水溶液与浓度为3.0mg/ml的多聚赖氨酸(PLL,分子量150-300KDa)溶液等体积混合,室温下静置2小时。然后将上述复合液与浓度为25mg/ml的硫酸软骨素溶液等体积混合,即得铜离子螯合型纳米粒子;
B、聚多巴胺涂层的沉积:在316L医用不锈钢表面沉积聚多巴胺涂层,并于60℃下热处理12小时;
C、纳米粒子生物涂层的制备:将B步骤中沉积有聚多巴胺涂层的样品浸泡于A步骤获得的纳米粒子悬液中,在30℃下振荡反应12小时,双蒸水漂洗后即得。
Claims (3)
1.一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法,其步骤包含:
A、铜离子螯合型纳米粒子的制备:将浓度为0.1mM-10.0mM的CuCl2水溶液与浓度为2.0-5.0mg/ml分子量150-300KDa的多聚赖氨酸PLL溶液等体积混合,室温下静置1-3小时;然后将上述复合液与浓度为10-50mg/ml的硫酸软骨素溶液等体积混合,即得铜离子螯合型纳米粒子悬液;
B、聚多巴胺涂层的沉积:在316L医用不锈钢表面沉积聚多巴胺涂层,并于60℃下热处理12小时;
C、纳米粒子生物涂层的制备:将B步骤中沉积有聚多巴胺涂层的样品浸泡于A步骤获得的纳米粒子悬液中,在15-40℃下振荡反应6-24小时,双蒸水漂洗后得到目标物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述A步骤中多聚赖氨酸与硫酸软骨素溶液以双蒸水作为溶剂,用HCl调节其pH值为5.0。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜离子螯合型纳米粒子生物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述所述C步骤中样品的保存方法为表面湿润条件下,4℃冷藏保存。
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