CN105924198A - 陶瓷基质复合物制品和用于形成其的方法 - Google Patents

陶瓷基质复合物制品和用于形成其的方法 Download PDF

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CN105924198A
CN105924198A CN201610106273.3A CN201610106273A CN105924198A CN 105924198 A CN105924198 A CN 105924198A CN 201610106273 A CN201610106273 A CN 201610106273A CN 105924198 A CN105924198 A CN 105924198A
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substrate
ceramic matrix
matrix composite
outer layer
cmc
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CN105924198B (zh
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K.L.卢思拉
G.S.科曼
B.N.拉马默蒂
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Abstract

一种陶瓷基质复合物制品包括:具有游离硅比例的熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料;以及设置在基底的至少一部分的外表面上的基本上没有游离硅比例的化学汽相渗入陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。

Description

陶瓷基质复合物制品和用于形成其的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请涉及由Steibel等人在2015年提交且题为"Ceramic Matrix CompositeArticles And Methods For Forming Same"的共同转让的共同提交的专利申请序列第号(代理人卷号279701-1),其在此通过引用将其整体并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开内容大体上涉及陶瓷基质复合物(CMC),并且更具体地涉及制品和用于形成陶瓷基质复合物制品的方法。
背景技术
陶瓷基质复合物大体上包括嵌入陶瓷基质材料中的陶瓷纤维增强材料。增强材料在基质开裂的情况下用作CMC的承载组分,同时陶瓷基质保护增强材料、保持其纤维的定向,且用于将负载消散至增强材料。对于诸如燃气轮机中的高温应用,特别关注硅基复合物,其包括作为基质和/或增强材料的碳化硅(SiC)。
不同的处理方法已经用于形成CMC。例如,一种途径包括熔体渗入(MI),其使用熔化硅来渗入含有纤维的预形件中。由预浸料坯MI形成的CMC通常是全致密的,例如,具有大体上为零或小于3体积百分数的残余孔隙度。该极低的孔隙度给予复合物期望的机械性能,诸如高比例极限强度和层间抗拉和抗剪强度、高导热率和良好的抗氧化性能。然而,MI复合物的基质包含游离硅相(即,元素硅或硅合金),其将系统的使用温度限于硅或硅合金的熔点以下,或大约2550华氏度到2570华氏度。此外,游离硅相引起MI SiC基质具有相对弱的抗蠕变性。
用于形成CMC的另一种途径为化学汽相渗入(CVI)。CVI为基质材料由此通过使用高温下的活性气体以形成纤维增强复合物而渗入纤维预形件中的过程。大体上,由具有扩散到预形件中的反应物和扩散出预形件的旁通气体引入的限制导致了复合物中大约百分之10到大约百分之15之间的相对较高的残余孔隙度。具体而言,典型地在使用CVI形成CMC中,由CVI形成的复合物的内部典型地具有高于复合物的外部的孔隙度的孔隙度。相比于MICMC,该孔隙度的存在降低了CVI CMC的平面中和贯穿厚度的机械强度、热导率和抗氧化性。然而,CVI复合物基质通常没有游离硅相,且因此具有好于MI基质的抗蠕变性和在高于2570华氏度的温度下操作的潜在可能。
用于形成CMC的另一途径包括首先使用部分CVI工艺,随后是MI工艺,且大体上称为"浆料铸造MI"。该途径通常产生MI复合物与CVI复合物之间的中间孔隙度,大体上在大约百分之5到大约百分之7之间,且产生复合物基质内的残余游离硅相。
所需的是一种陶瓷基质复合物(CMC),并且更具体是制品和形成陶瓷基质复合物制品的方法。
发明内容
在第一方面,本公开内容提供了一种陶瓷基质复合物制品,其包括:具有游离硅比例的熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料;设置在基底的至少一部分的外表面上的没有游离硅比例的化学汽相渗入陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。
在第二方面,本公开内容提供了一种用于形成陶瓷基质复合物制品的方法。该方法包括通过熔体渗入形成具有游离硅比例的陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料,以及通过化学汽相渗入形成设置在基底的至少一部分上的没有游离硅的陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。
本发明的第一技术方案提供了一种陶瓷基质复合物制品,包括:具有游离硅比例的熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料;设置在基底的至少一部分的外表面上的没有游离硅的化学汽相渗入陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。
本发明的第二技术方案是在第一技术方案中,基底大体上包括碳化硅和游离硅,且外层大体上包括纯碳化硅。
本发明的第三技术方案是在第一技术方案中,基底大体上包括碳化硅和游离硅,且外层大体上包括碳化硅和游离碳。
本发明的第四技术方案是在第一技术方案中,基底包括第一抗蠕变性,外层包括第二抗蠕变性,且第二抗蠕变性大于第一抗蠕变性。
本发明的第五技术方案是在第一技术方案中,基底包括第一温度能力,外层包括第二温度能力,且第二温度能力大于第一温度能力。
本发明的第六技术方案是在第一技术方案中,基底包括预浸料坯熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底。
本发明的第七技术方案是在第一技术方案中,基底包括浆料铸造熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底。
本发明的第八技术方案是在第一技术方案中,基底的陶瓷纤维增强材料包括多个单向增强纤维。
本发明的第九技术方案是在第一技术方案中,外层的陶瓷纤维增强材料包括至少一层单向增强纤维。
本发明的第十技术方案是在第一技术方案中,外层的陶瓷纤维增强材料包括多层单向增强纤维。
本发明的第十一技术方案是在第一技术方案中,外层的陶瓷纤维增强物包括一层或更多层织造增强纤维。
本发明的第十二技术方案是在第一技术方案中,基底的陶瓷纤维增强材料与外层的陶瓷纤维增强材料相同。
本发明的第十三技术方案是在第一技术方案中,CVI复合物表面层由氧化物材料进一步渗入。
本发明的第十四技术方案是在第一技术方案中,还包括设置在外层上的环境阻隔层。
本发明的第十五技术方案是在第一技术方案中,制品可在超过2,400华氏度的温度下操作。
本发明的第十六技术方案是在第一技术方案中,制品包括涡轮构件。
本发明的第十七技术方案提供了一种用于形成陶瓷基质复合物制品的方法,方法包括:通过熔体渗入形成具有游离硅比例的陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料;以及通过化学汽相渗入形成设置在基底的至少一部分上的没有游离硅比例的陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。
本发明的第十八技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,基底大体上包括碳化硅和游离硅,且外层大体上包括纯碳化硅。
本发明的第十九技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,基底大体上包括碳化硅和游离硅,且外层大体上包括碳化硅和游离碳。
本发明的第二十技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,外层的抗蠕变性大于基底的抗蠕变性。
本发明的第二十一技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,外层的温度能力大于基底的温度能力。
本发明的第二十二技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,形成陶瓷基质复合物基底包括叠布多个预浸料坯单向带。
本发明的第二十三技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,形成陶瓷基质复合物基底包括叠布多个织造纤维板层。
本发明的第二十四技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,形成陶瓷基质复合物外层包括将至少一个预浸料坯单向带叠布到陶瓷基质复合物基底上。
本发明的第二十五技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,陶瓷基质复合物外层的形成包括将多个预浸料坯单向带叠布到陶瓷基质复合物基底上。
本发明的第二十六技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,形成陶瓷基质复合物外层包括将由织造纤维制成的一个或更多个预浸料坯叠布到陶瓷基质复合物基底上。
本发明的第二十七技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,基底的陶瓷纤维增强材料与外层的陶瓷纤维增强材料相同。
本发明的第二十八技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,形成熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底包括由预浸料坯熔体渗入形成陶瓷基质复合物基底。
本发明的第二十九技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,形成熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底包括形成浆料铸造熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底。
本发明的第三十技术方案是在第十七技术方案中,由化学汽相渗入形成陶瓷基质复合物外层还包括煅烧外层来提高外层的陶瓷基质材料的结晶度或粒度。
本发明的第三十一技术方案是在第三十二技术方案中,由熔体渗入形成陶瓷基质复合物基底还包括从基底的表面除去硅。
附图说明
本公开内容的前述及其它特征、方面和优点将从连同附图的本公开内容的各种方面的以下详细描述中变得清楚,在附图中:
图1为具有陶瓷基质复合物基底和陶瓷基质复合物外层的按照本公开内容的各方面的陶瓷基质复合物制品的截面视图;
图2为图1的陶瓷基质复合物制品的陶瓷基质复合物基底的截面视图;
图3为带有陶瓷基质复合物外层的图2的陶瓷基质复合物基底的截面视图;
图4为具有陶瓷基质复合物基底和陶瓷基质复合物外层的按照本公开内容的各方面的CMC制品的截面视图;
图5为具有陶瓷基质复合物基底和陶瓷基质复合物外层的按照本公开内容的各方面的CMC制品的透视图;以及
图6为用于形成按照本公开内容的各方面的具有陶瓷基质复合物基底和陶瓷基质复合物外层的CMC制品的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
详细描述便于阐释本公开内容的某些方面,且不应当理解为限制本公开内容的范围。此外,如本文在说明书和权利要求各处使用的近似语言可用于修饰可容许在不导致其涉及的基本功能的变化的情况下改变的任何数量表示。因此,由用语或多个用语(诸如"大约")修饰的值不限于指定的精确值。在一些情况下,近似语言可对应于用于测量值的器具的精确性。当介绍各种实施例的元件时,词语"一"、"一个"、"该"和"所述"旨在表示存在一个或更多个元件。用语"包括"、"包含"和"具有"旨在为包含性的,且意思是可存在除所列元件之外的附加元件。如本文中所使用的,用语"可"和"可为"是指出现在一组环境中的可能性;拥有指定性质、特征或功能;和/或通过表示与合格动词相关联的能力、性能或可能性中的一个或更多个使另一个动词合格。因此,"可"和"可为"的使用是指修饰的用语表面上是适合、有能力或适用于指出的容量、功能或使用,同时考虑了在一些情况中,修饰的用语有时可不是适合、有能力或适用的。操作参数的任何实例并未排除公开的实施例的其它参数。本文参照任何特定实施例描述、示出或以其它方式公开的构件、方面、特征、构造、布置、使用等可类似地应用于本文公开的任何其它实施例。
大体上,本公开内容针对一种陶瓷基质复合物(CMC)制品,其具有大体上良好的机械性能,诸如抗拉和抗压强度,连同提高的抗蠕变性,诸如一定时间内由于应力和/或升高的温度能力引起的变形或形状变化的抵抗力。例如,CMC制品可包括CMC基底和外CMC表皮或层。CMC基底和外CMC表皮或层可具有不同性质,以允许CMC制品的定制来导致CMC制品具有大体上良好的机械性能,带有提高的抗蠕变性(对一定时间内由应力引起的变形或形状变化的抵抗力)和提高的温度能力。本公开内容的技术导致CMC基底和CMC外层两者为具有增强材料的CMC,且因此,CMC基底和CMC外层两者提供机械性能,诸如抗拉和抗压强度。此外,CMC外层还可向CMC制品提供提高的抗蠕变性和提高的温度能力。本公开内容的该技术可在CMC构件中有利,其中表面应力较高,且其中蠕变通常成问题,或其中经历高温。例如,许多涡轮构件具有模拟弯曲状态的热和机械应力。在弯曲中,平面内应力在表面处最高。因此,将带有较高温度能力的更抗蠕变的材料置于表面上可改善作为总体的结构的蠕变响应和热能力。
图1示出了按照本公开内容的各方面的具有CMC基底20和CMC表皮或外层50的CMC制品10。如下文更详细所述,CMC基底20可包括具有一定游离硅含量或比例(例如,关于总体上的基底的元素硅或硅合金的量)的陶瓷基质材料中的陶瓷纤维增强材料。这里用语游离硅是指元素硅或硅合金的存在,其中硅构成合金的大于大约33原子百分数。CMC外层50可包括设置在CMC基底的至少一部分的外表面上的陶瓷基质材料中的陶瓷纤维增强材料。CMC外层50不包括游离硅含量或比例。CMC基底20可为富硅碳化硅基底,其例如具有游离硅(例如,按元素硅或硅合金相的体积的大约百分之5、百分之10、百分之15、百分之20、百分之30或更多游离硅)。CMC基底20可大体上全致密,或没有或很小孔隙度(例如,大约百分之0、小于百分之5,在大约百分之0到小于百分之5之间)。CMC外层50可大体上不包含或包含零硅含量碳化硅,或略微富碳的碳化硅。CMC基底20可由第一过程形成,且CMC外层50可由不同于第一过程的第二过程形成。例如,CMC基底可通过使用熔体渗入过程形成,且外层使用化学汽相渗入过程形成。外层50可具有好于基底20的抗蠕变性,且可导致CMC制品10具有大于没有外层50的CMC制品的抗蠕变性的抗蠕变性。没有游离元素硅或硅合金的CMC外层50相比于CMC基底20(其可包括游离硅)可经得起较高温度(例如,高于硅的熔点),且可导致CMC基底10可经得起大于没有外层50的CMC制品所能经受的温度的温度。
参看图2,CMC制品10(图1)可包括首先形成CMC基底20。CMC基底20的表面区域可包括多个薄层22,其各自源自独立的预浸料坯,其包括以陶瓷基质前体浸渍的单相对准的束24。结果,各个薄层22均包括包围在焚烧和熔体渗入期间由陶瓷基质前体的转变形成的陶瓷基质26中的单向对准的纤维25。
例如,CMC基底20可由多层"预浸料坯"制成,其通常为带状结构,包括浸渍CMC基质材料的前体的期望的CMC的增强材料。预浸料坯可经历处理(包括焚烧)来将前体转换成期望的陶瓷。预浸料坯可为连续纤维增强的陶瓷复合物(CFCC)材料,且可包括二维纤维阵列,其包括浸渍有基质前体的单向对准的束的单层,以产生大体上二维的薄层。所得的预浸料坯的多个板层堆叠和减积(debulk),以形成薄层预形件(称为"叠布(lay-up)"的过程)。预浸料坯典型地布置成使得预浸料坯层的束定向成彼此横穿(例如,垂直)或成角,以在预形件的薄层平面中对应于最终CMC构件的主要(承载)方向)提供较大强度。
在叠布之后,叠层预形件可经历减积和固化,同时经历施加的压力和升高的温度,诸如在高压釜中。在熔体渗入(MI)的情况下,减积和固化预形件经历附加处理。首先,预形件可在真空或在惰性气氛中加热,以便分解有机粘合剂,其中至少一者在该热处理期间热解以形成碳炭,且产生用于熔体渗入的多孔预形件。作为与粘结剂烧尽步骤的同一加热循环的一部分或在独立的随后加热步骤中的进一步加热,预形件被熔体渗入,诸如利用外部供应的熔化的硅。熔化的硅渗入孔隙中,与基质的碳组分反应以形成碳化硅,且填充孔隙来产生期望的CMC基底。
参看图3,CMC制品10可包括在最初形成的CMC基底20上形成外层50。例如,薄层52可源于独立的预浸料坯,其包括浸渍有陶瓷基质前体的单向对准的束54。薄层52包含包围在焚烧和化学汽相渗入(CVI)期间由陶瓷基质前体的转变形成的陶瓷基质56中的单向对准的纤维55。
例如,CMC外层50可由通常为片状结构形式的"预浸料坯"的层制成,其包括浸渍有CMC基质材料的前体的期望的CMC的增强材料。预浸料坯经历处理(包括焚烧)来将前体转变成期望的陶瓷。预浸料坯可为连续纤维增强的陶瓷复合物(CFCC)材料,且可包括二维纤维阵列,其包括浸渍有基质前体的单向对准的束的单层,以产生大体上二维的薄层。作为备选,预浸料坯可包括带有织造纤维的层。预浸料坯的板层可设置在CMC基底上。预浸料坯可布置成使得预浸料坯层的束平行、横穿(例如,垂直于) CMC基底的最外层的束或与CMC基底的最外层的束成角来定向。
预浸料坯层可经历固化,同时经历施加的压力和升高温度,诸如在高压釜中或局部施加的压力和热下。在化学汽相渗入(CVI)的情况下,固化的预形件经历附加的处理。首选,设置在CMC基底上的预浸料坯层可在真空中或在惰性气氛中加热,以便分解有机粘结剂,其中至少一者在此热处理期间热解以形成陶瓷炭,且产生用于化学汽相渗入的多孔层。作为与粘合剂烧尽步骤的同一加热循环的一部分或在独立的随后加热步骤中的进一步加热,层被化学汽相渗入,诸如利用外部供应的气态碳化硅源。执行CVI过程的适合的反应性气体和处理条件是本领域中公知的。气态碳化硅源渗入多孔中,在多孔基底的内表面上反应以沉积没有游离Si金属的SiC。
图4示出了按照本公开内容的各方面的具有CMC基底100和CMC表皮或外层150的CMC制品110。CMC基底120可包括具有游离硅比例或含量的陶瓷基质材料中的陶瓷纤维增强材料,且CMC外层150可包括设置在CMC基底的至少一部分的外表面上的陶瓷基质材料中的陶瓷纤维增强材料。CMC外层150可基本上不包括游离硅比例或含量。例如,CMC基底120可具有大体上完整密度,或没有或很少孔隙度(例如,大约百分之0、小于百分之5,或在大约百分之0到小于百分之5之间)。CMC基底120可为富硅碳化硅基底,其例如具有游离硅(例如,按元素硅或硅合金相的体积的大约百分之5、百分之10、百分之15、百分之120、百分之30或更多游离硅)。CMC外层150大体上可为纯碳化硅、大体上没有或具有零游离硅含量的碳化硅,或略微富碳的碳化硅。CMC基底120可由第一过程形成,且CMC外层150可由不同于第一过程的第二过程形成。例如,CMC基底可通过使用熔体渗入过程形成,且外层使用化学汽相渗入过程形成。具有好于基底120的抗蠕变性的外层150可导致CMC制品110具有大于没有外层150的CMC制品的抗蠕变性的抗蠕变性。可不具有游离硅或硅合金的CMC外层150可相比于CMC基底120(其可包括游离硅)经得起更高的温度(例如,高于硅的熔体),且可导致CMC制品110可经得起高于没有外层150的CMC制品所能经受的温度的温度。
CMC制品110可包括首先以类似于上文结合形成基底20(图2)的方式形成CMC基底120。仍参看图4,CMC制品110可包括在最初形成的CMC基底120上形成外层150。例如,外层150可包括多个薄层152,其各自源自独立的预浸料坯,其包括浸渍有陶瓷基质前体的单向对准的束。各个薄层152可包含包围在焚烧和化学汽相渗入(CVI)期间由陶瓷基质前体的转变形成的陶瓷基质中的单向对准的纤维或织造纤维。
例如,CMC外层150可由通常为带状结构形式的"预浸料坯"的多层制成,其包括浸渍有CMC基质材料的前体的期望的CMC的增强材料。预浸料坯经历处理(包括焚烧)来将前体转变成期望的陶瓷。预浸料坯可为连续纤维增强的陶瓷复合物(CFCC)材料,且可包括二维纤维阵列,其包括浸渍有基质前体的单向对准的束的单层,以产生大体上二维的薄层。作为备选,预浸料坯可包括带有织造纤维的层。所得的预浸料坯的多个板层堆叠和减积。预浸料坯通常布置成使得预浸料坯层的束平行于、横穿(例如,垂直于)于CMC基底的最外层的束或与CMC基底的最外层的束成角来定向。
多个层典型地可经历减积和固化,同时经历施加的压力和升高温度,诸如在高压釜或压力和热的局部施加中。在化学汽相渗入(CVI)的情况下,减积和固化的多个层可经历附加的处理。首先,设置在CMC基底上的多个层可在真空中或在惰性气氛中加热,以便分解有机粘结剂,其中至少一者在该热处理期间热解来形成陶瓷炭,且产生用于化学汽相渗入的多孔层。作为与粘合剂烧尽步骤的同一加热循环的一部分或在独立的随后加热步骤中的进一步加热,多孔层被化学汽相渗入,诸如利用外部供应的气态碳化硅源。气态碳化硅源渗入多孔中,反应来将SiC沉积在多孔层的内部孔隙表面来形成具有比基底低的游离硅含量(例如,优选零)的碳化硅复合物。
备选实施例将MI复合物基底置入模具中,一层或更多层纤维板层占据MI复合物基底的外表面与模具的内表面之间的空间,以及经历CVI密实化的结构。模具材料将与CVI过程相容,且将包含孔或通道,其将允许反应性气体的向内扩散和反应产物气体的向外扩散。此模具材料(诸如碳)和孔构造是CVI技术中公知的。
在以上实施例中,用于束的材料可为SiC纤维。适用于束的材料的实例为来自Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd的HI-NICALON®。用于纤维的直径的适合范围为大约二到大约二十微米,但具有更大和更小直径的纤维也在本公开内容的范围内。纤维可优选地涂布有材料,以将某些期望的性质给予CMC基底和/或CMC外层,诸如碳或氮化硼中间层(未示出)。外层中的纤维可在形成在预浸料坯带中且施加到MI CMC基底上之前涂布,或纤维涂层可在CVI过程的初始部分期间施加。本领域的技术人员将认识到,本公开内容的教导内容还适用于其它CMC材料组合,且此组合在本公开内容的范围内。
如上文所述,由CVI过程形成的大体上没有游离硅相的CMC外层可导致CMC外层具有大于由MI形成的CMC基底的抗蠕变性和/或温度能力,且具有大体上完整密度,或没有或有很少孔隙度,诸如大约百分之0,小于百分之5,或在大约百分之0到小于百分之5之间。此外,诸如由硅熔体渗入形成的CMC基底可导致富硅碳化硅基底,其例如具有按元素硅或硅合金相的体积的百分之5、百分之10、百分之15、百分之20、百分之30或更多的游离硅。CMC外层可大体上包括纯碳化硅,例如,大约1比1的硅与碳的比例,或略微富碳,诸如0.995的硅与1.005的碳的比率。用于形成CMC制品的板层或单向带的厚度可为大约3mil(0.003英寸)到大约20mil(0.020英寸)。CMC制品可形成为具有增强纤维的单个板层或层、增强纤维的多个板层或层,或用于形成CMC外层的增强纤维的多个板层或层。例如,本公开内容的CMC制品可包括由增强纤维和熔体渗入的大约八个板层或层形成的CMC基底,以及一个或两个增强纤维的板层或层和化学汽相渗入形成的外层,使得外层可为CMC制品的厚度的大约百分之10到大约百分之25。在陶瓷基质复合物制品的其它实施例中,外层可为陶瓷基质复合物制品的厚度的大约百分之5到大约百分之70。在其它实施例中,CMC制品可具有大约50到大约100个板层。将认识到的是,CMC基底板层数目和厚度关于CMC外层的其它构造也是可能的。
尽管CMC制品可由单向预浸料坯带形成,但将认识到的是,织造预浸料坯带可用于形成CMC基底和/或CMC外层。单向预浸料坯带中的对准纤维可导致少于预浸料坯织造纤维织物引起的气孔。此外,一个或更多个附加层或涂层可形成CMC制品的CMC外层上。例如,在一些实施例中,环境阻隔涂层(EBC)可形成在外层上。
此外,基底可由浆料铸造熔体渗入过程形成,例如,使用在模具中成形的织造或编织纤维构架,纤维界面涂层由CVI施加,随后是基质的一部分通过CVI沉积,颗粒SiC和/或C滑移或浆料铸造到部分密实化的本体的空隙中,且最终以硅或硅合金熔体渗入本体来填充任何剩余的开放的孔隙,且与基质中的碳反应。
在一些实施例中,CMC外层可例如由10mil的板层形成,使得外层可具有大约0.01英寸的厚度,或由两个5mil的板层形成,使得外层可具有大约0.01英寸厚的厚度,且一旦形成(诸如使用CVI过程),则可沿CMC外层的外表面具有大约百分之0的孔隙度。CMC外层的孔隙度可穿过CMC外层的厚度从外表面到内表面线性或非线性改变。
在一些实施例中,CVI SiC陶瓷基质复合物可在高温(诸如超过大约2,900华氏度(大约1,600摄氏度))下煅烧以使SiC结晶且增大其粒度。如果这样,则来自基底基质的硅可能必须首先被除去且以由聚合物渗入热解(PIP)或氧化物基质的渗入或CVI之前的一些其它技术产生的SiC/Si3N4基质替换。在此情况下,整个过程可涉及由熔体渗入形成CMC基底、取出游离硅和可能以SiC/Si3N4或氧化物替换其,随后施加表面层,由CVI处理,且然后执行最终煅烧。
在一些实施例中,表面层的CVI密实化可在完全密封外表面之前停止,且表面层的剩余开放的孔隙然后可由氧化物材料渗入。
图5示出了按照本公开内容的各方面的CMC制品210,其具有陶瓷基质复合物基底220和相对的陶瓷基质复合物外层250。CMC外层250可在整个CMC基底上或仅在CMC基底220的一部分(诸如基底的一侧或两侧上)上延伸。基底220和外层250可类似地形成,且具有如上文所述的基底20(图3)和120(图4)以及外层50(图3)和150(图4)的特征。
如上文所述,大体上,单独地使用一致的预形件和熔体渗入形成的CMC制品具有吸引人的特征,其包括完整密度和机械性能。然而,由于在超过大约2,400华氏度(大约1,300摄氏度)的温度下由熔体渗入引起的游离硅,基质的抗蠕变性弱,这在张力下自身显现出弱的蠕变断裂强度,且在压缩下自身显现出弱的持续峰值低周疲劳(SPLCF)。在高于大约2,550华氏度(大约1,400摄氏度)的温度下,游离硅熔化。单独地使用化学汽相渗入形成的CMC制品包含显著的孔隙度,其导致了差的薄层内性质和差的抗氧化性。
从本描述中将认识到本公开内容的技术克服了与单独地由使用熔体渗入的一致预形件形成,或通过提供CMC表皮或外层(其向CMC制品提供了提高的抗蠕变性和/或提高的温度能力)的化学汽相渗入形成的CMC制品相关的问题。本公开内容的提出的技术可将当前MI陶瓷基质复合物的温度极限从大约2,400华氏度(大约1,300摄氏度)增大至高于硅的溶解温度(大约2,577华氏度(大约1,414摄氏度))的温度。这在制品用于基底保持在大约2,500华氏度(大约1,370摄氏度)以下,但外表面被允许超过该温度的热梯度中的情况下是可能的,诸如在涡轮护罩中。该温度能力可导致用于飞行器发动机的若干百分比的比燃料消耗(SFC)的减小。
本公开内容的此技术可有利于应用于硅承载陶瓷涡轮构件,例如,涡轮叶片、导叶、喷嘴、护罩、燃烧器等。
图6示出了用于形成陶瓷基质复合物制品的方法300。方法包括310处的通过熔体渗入形成具有游离硅比例的陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料,以及320处的通过化学汽相渗入形成设置在基底的至少一部分上的没有游离硅比例的陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。
在本公开内容的其它实施例中,陶瓷基质复合物制品可包括:具有游离硅比例的陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料;设置在基底的至少一部分的外表面上的基本上没有游离硅比例的陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。
在本公开内容的其它实施例中,陶瓷基质复合物制品可包括:具有第一抗蠕变性的陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料;以及设置在基底的至少一部分上的具有第二抗蠕变性的陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。第二抗蠕变性大于第一抗蠕变性。
将理解的是,以上描述旨在为示范性的,而非限制性的。本领域的普通技术人员可在此制作出许多变化和修改,而不会脱离如由所附权利要求及其等同物限定的本公开内容的总体精神和范围。例如,上述实施例(和/或其方面)可与彼此组合使用。此外,可做出一些修改以使特定形势或材料适于各种实施例的教导内容,而并未脱离其范围。尽管本文所述的材料的大小和类型旨在限定各种实施例的参数,但它们绝不意在限制且仅为示例性的。在查阅以上描述时,许多其它实施例将对于本领域的技术人员清楚。因此,各种实施例的范围应当相对于所附权利要求连同此权利要求规定的等同物的完整范围来确定。在所附权利要求中,用语"包括(including)"和"其中(in which)"用作相应的用语"包括(comprising)"和"其中(wherein)"的普通英语的同义词。此外,在所附权利要求中,用语"第一"、"第二"和"第三"等仅用作标记,且不旨在对其对象施加数目要求。另外,连同诸如联接、连接、连结、密封等用语的用语"可操作地"在本文中用于表示由直接地或间接地联接的单独的不同构件和整体结合形成的构件(即,一件式、一体式或整体式)引起的两种连接。此外,所附权利要求的限制并未以装置加功能的格式撰写,且不旨在基于35 U.S.C.§112的第六段来理解,除非且直到此权利要求限制明确使用短语"装置"后加没有其它结构的功能的声明。将理解的是,不一定上文所述的所有这些目的或优点都可根据任何特定实施例来实现。因此,例如,本领域的技术人员将认识到,本文所述的系统和技术可以以实现或优化本文教导的一个优点或优点组合的方式体现或执行,而不需要实现本文可教导或提出的其它目的或优点。
尽管已经仅结合了有限数目的实施例详细描述了本公开内容,但将容易理解的是,本公开内容不限于此公开实施例。相反,本公开内容可修改为并入迄今并未描述但与本公开内容的精神和范围相当的任何数目的变型、改型、替换或等同布置。此外,尽管已经描述了各种实施例,但将理解的是,本公开内容的各方面可包括仅一些所述实施例。因此,本公开内容不应看作是由前述描述限制,而是仅由所附权利要求的范围限制。
本书面描述使用了实例,包括最佳模式,且还使本领域的任何技术人员能够实践本公开内容,包括制作和使用任何装置或系统,且执行任何并入的方法。本公开内容的专利范围由权利要求限定,且可包括本领域的技术人员想到的其它实例。如果这些其它实例具有并非不同于权利要求的书面语言的结构元件,或如果这些其它实例包括与权利要求的书面语言无实质差别的等同结构元件,则这些其它实例意图在权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种陶瓷基质复合物制品,包括:
具有游离硅比例的熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料;
设置在所述基底的至少一部分的外表面上的没有游离硅的化学汽相渗入陶瓷基质复合物外层,其在陶瓷基质材料中包括陶瓷纤维增强材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述基底大体上包括碳化硅和游离硅,且所述外层大体上包括纯碳化硅。
3.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述基底大体上包括碳化硅和游离硅,且所述外层大体上包括碳化硅和游离碳。
4.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述基底包括第一抗蠕变性,所述外层包括第二抗蠕变性,且所述第二抗蠕变性大于所述第一抗蠕变性。
5.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述基底包括第一温度能力,所述外层包括第二温度能力,且所述第二温度能力大于所述第一温度能力。
6.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述基底包括预浸料坯熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底。
7.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述基底包括浆料铸造熔体渗入陶瓷基质复合物基底。
8.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述基底的所述陶瓷纤维增强材料包括多个单向增强纤维。
9.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述外层的所述陶瓷纤维增强材料包括至少一层单向增强纤维。
10.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷基质复合物制品,其特征在于,所述外层的所述陶瓷纤维增强材料包括多层单向增强纤维。
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