CN105921746B - 一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块及其构建方法 - Google Patents

一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块及其构建方法 Download PDF

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CN105921746B
CN105921746B CN201610362061.1A CN201610362061A CN105921746B CN 105921746 B CN105921746 B CN 105921746B CN 201610362061 A CN201610362061 A CN 201610362061A CN 105921746 B CN105921746 B CN 105921746B
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李慧武
朱振安
常永云
戴尅戎
曲新华
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Ninth Peoples Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块及其构建方法,涉及医用生物材料领域,本发明以纺锤形结构作为钛金属增强块的单元格结构,以钛及其合金粉体为原材料,通过金属三维打印技术制作出内部结构新型的钛金属增强块,具有弹性模量更低,延展性更好,强度高、弹性模量低、生物相容性好的优点,在适当的应力作用下容易发生弹性形变,钛金属增强块的微量弹性形变可以通过力学信号影响其表面间充质干细胞及成骨细胞的增殖与分化,从而促进金属‑骨界面整合。采用有机溶液对钛金属增强块进行阳极氧化,制备出诱发干细胞分化的最佳Ti‑Nb‑O纳米管阵微形貌。本发明所述钛金属增强块及其构建方法通过这三方面的改进,从而更好促进钛金属和骨界面整合。

Description

一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块及其构建方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医用生物材料领域,尤其涉及一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块及其构建方法。
背景技术
钛金属材料因其强度高、弹性模量低、生物相容性好而作为支架材料在临床得到广泛应用。为了促进骨再生,传统对于钛金属增强块的研究主要集中在支架孔径大小、孔隙连通率控制等方面。通过控制支架孔径大小和孔隙率可以调整钛金属增强块的强度和弹性模量,有利于骨组织的长入,促进钛金属和骨界面整合,但具体支架孔径大小和孔隙率的多少最有利于骨组织的长入,目前尚无统一的标准,钛金属和骨界面整合效果不确切。
此外,钛金属及合金的不同构型和成分会明显改变其弹性模量。目前市场上α型钛合金(纯钛系列等)和α+β型两相钛合金(Ti6Al4V、Ti6Al7Nb等)的弹性模量为105-110GPa与骨组织1-30GPa相比仍有较大差距,而新型介稳定β型(包括亚稳定β型和近β型两种类型)钛合金是一类容易达到低模量化、高强韧性及高抗疲劳断裂等力学性能并具有良好生物及力学相容性的金属,并且通过后期加工和热处理调整其显微组织和微观结构,可进一步使材料的强度、韧性、弹性模量、耐磨性、耐蚀性及疲劳等性能得到大幅调整和改善。
目前尚未见利用钛金属物理形变促进骨组织再生的增强块构建。研究已证明钛金属在适当应力刺激下会发生非线性弹性形变,这种形变受金属的弹性模量等物理要素的影响,在负重行走或弹跳等过程中,循环往复的应力会导致钛金属支架产生极其细微的弹性形变。研究已经证实,在对钛及其合金进行多孔化处理中可以通过改变孔隙率、孔径大小及支柱直径等参数调整其强度和弹性模量。另外,钛金属单元格的几何构型、钛金属表面微观形貌同样对支架的弹性模量、弹性性能以及表面干细胞分化发挥重要作用。目前钛支架制作中单元格的几何构型常采用立方体、多面体(如六面体、十二面体等)、金刚石型、仿骨小梁型及G7等。现我们自行设计纺锤形单元格结构,与立方体、十二面体和G7结构相比,纺锤形结构的支架弹性模量更低,延展性更好、弹性形变量更高。
成骨细胞及干细胞是力学信号敏感或响应细胞,研究证明在细胞与基底间的各种力学信号可通过干细胞表面受体激活特定的力转导途径进而调节干细胞的分化,即使在缺乏生物化学刺激的情况下力学因素也能单独调控干细胞自我更新和谱系分化。干细胞对基底硬度、表面纳米尺度粗糙度变化的响应非常敏感,研究表明干细胞在质地硬及表面粗糙度高的基底表面更倾向于向成骨细胞分化。钛金属弹性模量接近皮质骨,通过调整阳极氧化工艺参数,可以在钛金属增强块表面制作诱发干细胞分化的最佳纳米坑、纳米管形貌。采用有机溶液(醇基氧化介质)对不同成分的钛金属增强块进行阳极氧化,可以制备出大面积均匀生长的、长度和直径可控的、具有良好生物学特性的纳米坑及纳米管阵列的表面微形貌。在纳米坑表面,细胞形变量最小,随着纳米管高度的增加,其表面的细胞形变量也会逐渐增加,即可以通过纳米管高度放大钛金属形变产生的力学信号,从而更有利于促进诱导干细胞分化。
传统对于钛金属增强块的研究主要集中在支架孔径大小、孔隙连通率控制等方面。但具体支架孔径大小和孔隙率的多少最有利于骨组织的长入,目前尚无统一的标准,钛金属和骨界面整合效果不确切。另外,钛金属微量弹性形变引发的力学信号可以影响其表面细胞成骨分化,既往钛金属增强块没有考虑到钛金属增强块的弹性形变可以影响其表面的干细胞的成骨分化,进而促进钛金属和骨界面的整合。
因此,本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块及其构建方法,即构建一种内部结构新型的钛金属增强块,与既往增强块相比,更容易发生弹性形变,利用钛金属微量弹性形变引发的力学信号对其表面细胞成骨分化的影响达到促进金属-骨界面整合的目的。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何促进钛金属和骨组织界面整合以及如何利用钛金属弹性形变促进骨再生。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块,所述钛金属增强块具有纺锤形结构,所述纺锤形结构具有多个小梁,所述小梁间具有空隙。
进一步地,所述纺锤形结构具有四个小梁。
进一步地,所述小梁直径为200~500微米。
进一步地,所述空隙大小为200~700微米。
进一步地,所述钛金属增强块的压缩强度为10~300MPa,弹性模量为0.5~15GPa。
本发明还提供了一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块的构建方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤1、利用CT逐层扫描骨缺损部位,然后三维重建出所需打印的钛金属增强块的内部及整体形态;
步骤2、以钛金属或其合金粉体为原材料,通过金属三维打印技术制作新型介稳定单相β型钛金属或其合金增强块,其中以纺锤形结构作为增强块的单元格结构;
步骤3、采用有机溶液对钛金属或其合金增强块进行阳极氧化,制备出大面积均匀生长的、长度和直径可控的、具有生物学特性的纳米坑及纳米管阵列钛金属增强块表面微形貌;
步骤4、对钛金属及其合金增强块施加不同频率、周期和大小的压应力,造成钛金属及其合金增强块的微细形变,促进其表面的细胞的增殖及向成骨分化。
进一步地,所述合金包括Ti6Al4V、Ti35Nb或Ti35NbxZr系列。
进一步地,所述金属三维打印技术为电子束熔化成形。
进一步地,所述有机溶液为醇基氧化介质。
进一步地,所述压应力大小范围与人体重量所产生的压力相同。
本发明所述以纺锤形结构作为钛金属增强块的单元格结构,具体来说,是以钛及其合金粉体为原材料,通过金属三维打印技术制作出内部结构新型的钛金属增强块,具有弹性模量更低,延展性更好,从而使钛金属增强块产生更高的弹性形变量。本发明利用3D打印技术打印出新型介稳定单相β型钛金属及合金增强块。该钛金属增强块具有强度高、弹性模量低、生物相容性好的优点,在适当的应力作用下容易发生弹性形变,钛金属增强块的微量弹性形变可以通过力学信号影响其表面间充质干细胞及成骨细胞的增殖与分化,从而促进金属-骨界面整合。本发明采用有机溶液(醇基氧化介质)对钛金属增强块进行阳极氧化,制备出诱发干细胞分化的最佳Ti-Nb-O纳米管阵微形貌。通过这三方面的改进,从而更好促进钛金属和骨界面整合。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个较佳实施例的纺锤形钛金属增强块的单元格机构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
本发明所述的钛金属增强块及其构建方法包括:
1、首先利用薄层CT逐层扫描由于骨肿瘤、感染、创伤、关节翻修、椎体切除等造成的骨缺损,然后行三维重建出所需打印的增强块的内部及整体形态,然后将其模型导入3D打印机中。
2、以钛及其合金粉体为原材料,包括纯钛、Ti6Al4V、Ti35Nb和Ti35NbxZr系列合金,以纺锤形结构作为钛金属增强块的单元格结构(如图1所示),通过金属三维打印技术(电子束熔化成形ARCAMA1)制作新型介稳定单相β型钛金属及合金增强块,该增强块的空隙大小为200~700微米,金属小梁直径为200~500微米,压缩强度为10-300MPa,弹性模量为:0.5-15GPa。
3、采用有机溶液(醇基氧化介质)对不同成分的钛金属增强块进行阳极氧化,制备出大面积均匀生长的、长度和直径可控的、具有良好生物学特性的纳米坑及纳米管阵列钛金属增强块表面微形貌。在纳米坑表面,细胞形变量最小,随着纳米管高度的增加,其表面的细胞形变量也会逐渐增加,即可以通过纳米管高度放大钛金属形变产生的力学信号,从而更有利于促进诱导干细胞分化,促进钛金属和骨界面的整合。
4、利用钛金属力学性能测试平台对钛金属增强块施加不同频率、周期和大小的压应力(压应力大小范围与人体重量所产生的压力相同),造成钛金属增强块的微细形变,促进其表面的细胞的增殖及向成骨分化,从而促进钛金属和骨界面的整合。
本发明以纺锤形结构作为钛金属增强块的单元格结构,具有弹性模量更低,延展性更好,从而使钛金属增强块产生更高的弹性形变量,从而更好促进钛金属和骨界面整合。本发明采用有机溶液(醇基氧化介质)对钛金属增强块进行阳极氧化,制备出大面积均匀生长、具有良好生物学特性、诱发干细胞分化的最佳长度和直径的纳米管微形貌,通过纳米管高度放大钛金属形变产生的力学信号,从而更有利于促进诱导干细胞分化,促进钛金属和骨界面的整合。考虑到钛金属弹性形变可以帮助促进骨整合,本发明构建一种内部结构新型的钛金属增强块,与既往增强块相比,更容易发生弹性形变,利用钛金属微量弹性形变引发的力学信号对其表面细胞成骨分化的影响达到促进金属-骨界面整合的目的。该钛合金增强块可以应用于椎体切除术后重建,创伤性骨缺损,关节翻修造成的骨缺损,骨肿瘤、骨感染等造成的骨缺损等。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块,其特征在于,所述钛金属增强块具有纺锤形结构,所述纺锤形结构具有四个小梁,所述小梁间具有空隙,所述空隙大小为200~700微米,所述小梁直径为200~500微米;所述钛金属增强块的压缩强度为10~300MPa,弹性模量为0.5~15GPa。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块的构建方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
步骤1、利用CT逐层扫描骨缺损部位,然后三维重建出所需打印的钛金属增强块的内部及整体形态;
步骤2、以钛金属或其合金粉体为原材料,通过金属三维打印技术制作新型介稳定单相β型钛金属或其合金增强块,其中以纺锤形结构作为增强块的单元格结构;
步骤3、采用有机溶液对钛金属或其合金增强块进行阳极氧化,制备出大面积均匀生长的、长度和直径可控的、具有生物学特性的纳米坑及纳米管阵列钛金属增强块表面微形貌;
步骤4、对钛金属及其合金增强块施加不同频率、周期和大小的压应力,造成钛金属及其合金增强块的微细形变,促进其表面的细胞的增殖及向成骨分化。
3.如权利要求2所述的基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块的构建方法,其特征在于,所述合金包括Ti6Al4V、Ti35Nb或Ti35NbxZr系列。
4.如权利要求2所述的基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块的构建方法,其特征在于,所述金属三维打印技术为电子束熔化成形。
5.如权利要求2所述的基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块的构建方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶液为醇基氧化介质。
6.如权利要求2所述的基于弹性形变的钛金属增强块的构建方法,其特征在于,所述压应力大小范围与人体重量所产生的压力相同。
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