CN105908212B - Using the SPE electrolytic cell module in combined type flow field - Google Patents
Using the SPE electrolytic cell module in combined type flow field Download PDFInfo
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- CN105908212B CN105908212B CN201610247777.7A CN201610247777A CN105908212B CN 105908212 B CN105908212 B CN 105908212B CN 201610247777 A CN201610247777 A CN 201610247777A CN 105908212 B CN105908212 B CN 105908212B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of SPE electrolytic cell modules using combined type flow field, assemble to obtain by anode bipolar plate, anode diffusion layer, anode catalyst layer, proton exchange membrane, cathode catalysis layer, cathode diffusion layer and cathode bipolar plate；It is carved with anode bipolar plate runner on the surface of anode bipolar plate jointed anode diffusion layer, and is respectively equipped with pure water in the bipolar plate runner and is passed through mouth and water oxygen outlet；It is carved with cathode bipolar plate runner on the surface of cathode bipolar plate connection cathode diffusion layer, and is equipped with hydrogen outlet in the bipolar plate runner；Successively bending connects and composes from top to bottom by the compound runners of no less than five foldings for the anode, cathode bipolar plate runner, forms the serpentine channel of fluid flowing；Every compound runner rear and front end of folding is equipped with the Cylinder Group in the design of point-like matrix structure, and middle part is parallel fluid channels ridge.The present invention greatly improves pure water diffusion and anode bipolar plate deoxygenation ability, not only small along journey pressure drop, flow area is big, but also work efficiency is high for membrane electrode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical industry and nuclear technology and apparatus field, and in particular to be a kind of SPE using combined type flow field
Electrolytic cell module.
Background technique
Hydrogen is a kind of environmental-friendly energy carrier, has cleaning, pollution-free and reproducible advantage.Natural gas steam
Reformation, water-gas hydrogen manufacturing and preparing hydrogen by reforming methanol and water electrolysis hydrogen producing are all the methods of current industrialization hydrogen manufacturing.In comparison, water
Electrolytic hydrogen production raw material is water, inexhaustible, and reaction product is also water, be can be recycled；Meanwhile there are also products for water electrolysis hydrogen producing
The advantage of hydrogen purity height, flexible operation.Therefore, the SPE electrolysis mode of water electrolysis especially electrolyzing pure water, not only transformation efficiency
It is high, internal resistance is small, and hydrogen is not easy reverse osmosis, thus has broad application prospects, has for the utilization of the following Hydrogen Energy and lift foot
The effect of weight.
SPE electrolysis goes also to play great effect in tritiated processing in tritium-containing liquid waste.Nuclear power station operational process can generate
Tritium-containing liquid waste, if cannot rationally dispose, it will cause serious environmental pollution；Meanwhile the recycling containing tritium in surabaya has very
High economic value, thus the water developed efficiently, environmentally friendly goes tritiated technology and equipment to have very important significance.And SPE is electric
Xie Shui goes in tritiated application also to have a clear superiority, such as: (1) SPE film has hydrogen isotope effect, T+Permeable membrane ability is remote
Less than H+, so that tritium is concentrated in liquid phase while generating poor hydrogen tritide gas by SPE electrolysis；(2) SPE film has excellent anti-spoke
According to performance, current existing electrolysis-catalysis exchanged water removes tritiated technique (CECE), and SPE electrolysis and hydrogen isotope catalysis are handed over
Technique coupling is changed, goes the tritium factor with very high.
In SPE electrolytic cell, bipolar plate flow field is used to provide flow channel for reactant and product, and flow passage structure influences
The transmitting of flowing and reactive material of the fluid in runner, and then influence the working efficiency of electrolytic cell.Common bipolar plates stream
There are parallel fluid channels, serpentine flow path and interdigitated runner in road.Parallel fluid channels significant advantage is the reduction of fluid stagnation pressure, but as flow field is wide
Degree increases, and fluid distrbution is uneven in runner, causes the enrichment of anode bipolar plate oxygen, increases flow loss.Serpentine flow path exhaust
Ability is strong, but as flow area increases, fluid-pressure drop is significantly increased.Interdigitated runner is also known as discontinuous runner, row's band energy
Power is strong, and cell power density is high, but very big by diffusion layer pressure drop, and the case where be easy to happen short circuit and channel.
In conclusion developing efficient bipolar plate flow field, SPE electrolytic cell module working efficiency is promoted, SPE is electrolysed
The application such as the development of technology and water hydrogen all has vital meaning.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides using combined type flow field SPE electrolytic cell module and its
The method of electrolyzing pure water, the problem of can effectively solve anode bipolar plate deoxygenation, and meanwhile it is small along journey pressure drop, flow area is big, film electricity
Work efficiency is high for pole.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
Using the SPE electrolytic cell module in combined type flow field, anode bipolar plate, anode diffusion including being sequentially overlapped assembling
Layer, anode catalyst layer, proton exchange membrane, cathode catalysis layer, cathode diffusion layer and cathode bipolar plate；The anode bipolar plate connection
It is carved with anode bipolar plate runner on the surface of anode diffusion layer, and is respectively equipped with pure water in the bipolar plate runner and is passed through mouth and water oxygen
Outlet；Cathode bipolar plate runner is carved on the surface of the cathode bipolar plate connection cathode diffusion layer, and the bipolar plate runner is only
Equipped with hydrogen outlet.
Further, anode seal circle is additionally provided between the anode bipolar plate and anode diffusion layer.
Still further, being additionally provided with cathode sealing ring between the cathode bipolar plate and cathode diffusion layer.
Specifically, the compound runner of the anode bipolar plate runner and cathode plate bipolar plate runner by no less than five foldings
Successively bending connects and composes from top to bottom, forms the serpentine channel of fluid flowing；The rear and front end of every compound runner of folding is equipped with
In the Cylinder Group that point-like matrix structure designs, also, be equipped in the middle part of the compound runner of every folding be distributed in staggeredly mode and incite somebody to action
Compound runner is divided into the parallel fluid channels ridge of N parallel fluid channels, 4≤N from top to bottom, and is equipped between adjacent parallel fluid channels ridge
For being connected to adjacent two parallel fluid channels, the openings to balance Fluid pressure and flow velocity in compound runner；Meanwhile it is described
Compound runner from top to bottom, the item number of parallel fluid channels successively successively decreases in the way of equal difference.
Further, on the anode bipolar plate runner, the pure water is passed through mouth and is arranged in the bipolar plate runner
The end of the compound runner of the top；The end of the compound runner of bottom in the bipolar plate runner is arranged in the water oxygen outlet
Portion.
Further, on the cathode bipolar plate runner, the hydrogen outlet is arranged in the bipolar plate runner most
The end of the compound runner of lower section.
Preferably, in anode bipolar plate runner and cathode bipolar plate runner, in addition to the compound runner of one folding of bottommost
Bottom parallel fluid channels in other compound runners, width is than other concurrent flow road widths 50%；Meanwhile bottommost is compound
The width of all parallel fluid channels in runner is of same size with the bottom parallel fluid channels in other compound runners.
Further, the end in every compound runner of folding for turning to fluid is equipped with the rounded corner that smoothly transits.
Preferably, the Cylinder Group in point-like matrix structure is distributed in the staggered mode in 60 ° of angles.
Based on above structure, the present invention also provides the method for the SPE electrolytic cell module water electrolysis hydrogen production gas, including it is following
Step:
(1) pure water contacts with anode catalyst layer through anode diffusion layer through the bipolar plate runner in anode bipolar plate and generates oxygen
Gas；
(2) oxygen returns in anode bipolar plate runner through anode diffusion layer, draws together with the water not being electrolysed from water oxygen outlet
Out；And proton then passes through proton exchange membrane, and hydrogen is reduced under the action of cathode catalysis layer, then through on cathode bipolar plate
Runner enrichment after hydrogen outlet draw.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) it is (>=99.999%) with high purity to be not only electrolysed hydrogen for the SPE electrolytic cell module that the present invention designs, but also can have
Effect reduces ohmic loss, has the advantages that required voltage is small, current density is big, operational heat amount is few, electrolytic efficiency is high.
(2) present invention greatly improves pure water diffusion and anode bipolar plate deoxygenation ability, not only small along journey pressure drop,
Flow area is big, and work efficiency is high for membrane electrode.
(3) present invention is designed by improving the structure of bipolar plate runner, is provided with is constituted by rolling over compound runner more on it
Serpentine channel, and the Cylinder Group of dotted matrix structure is set in compound runner, to improve liquid phase carrier gas ability, is solved
Fluid determined in SPE electrolytic cell module the problem of exhaust problem.
(4) Cylinder Group is distributed in the staggered mode in 60 ° of angles in the point-like matrix of bipolar plate runner of the present invention, can so be increased
Add flow area, balance flowpath pressure and velocity flow profile, increases the wetting ability of membrane electrode.
(5) the item number of the parallel fluid channels in the compound runner of bipolar plate runner of the present invention is successively decreased design using equal difference, runner
The increase of journey flow velocity improves the ability of anode bipolar plate carrier band oxygen afterwards, while stroke pressure advantageously ensures that liquid phase is spread after raising
Ability promotes membrane electrode working efficiency.And the parallel fluid channels of every compound runner bottom of folding and the institute of the compound runner of bottom
There is the width of parallel fluid channels than other concurrent flow road widths 50%, flow field velocity distribution can be made more uniform.
(6) end of the present invention in every compound runner of folding for turning to fluid is equipped with the rounded corner that smoothly transits, can
Fluid is further decreased along journey pressure drop, runner is more conducive to respectively to fluid is evenly distributed, reduces flow field dead zone.
(7) the present invention has rational design, electrolysis hydrogen ability is strong, has very high practical value and promotional value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural decomposition diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of bipolar plate runner in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of implementation diagram that the present invention prepares hydrogen.
Fig. 4 is pressure in the flow field of bipolar plate runner of the present invention, serpentine flow path and parallel fluid channels, velocity flow profile
Contrast schematic diagram.
Wherein, the corresponding title of appended drawing reference are as follows:
1- Cylinder Group, 2- parallel fluid channels ridge, 3- parallel fluid channels, 4- openings, 5- smoothly transit rounded corner, 6- anode
Bipolar plates, 7- anode seal circle, 8- anode diffusion layer, 9- anode catalyst layer, 10- proton exchange membrane, 11- cathode catalysis layer,
12- cathode diffusion layer, 13- cathode sealing ring, 14- cathode bipolar plate, 15- bipolar plate runner, 16- pure water water tank, 17- are quantitative
Pump, 18- DC power supply, 19- knockout drum, 20- water temporary storage tank, 21- circulating pump, 22- oxygen drier, 23- oxygen storage
Tank, 24- hydrogen dryer, 25- hydrogen storage tank.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment for explanation with reference to the accompanying drawing, and mode of the invention includes but not only limits
In following embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, which employs combined type flow fields the present invention provides a kind of novel SPE electrolytic cell module.This hair
Bright includes the anode bipolar plate 6 for being sequentially overlapped assembling, anode diffusion layer 8, proton exchange membrane 10, cathode catalysis layer 11, cathode expansion
Dissipate layer 12 and cathode bipolar plate 14.It is carved with anode bipolar plate runner 15 in the anode bipolar plate 6, and the cathode bipolar
Cathode bipolar plate runner is then carved on plate 14, wherein be respectively equipped with a pure water on anode bipolar plate runner and be passed through mouth and water oxygen
Outlet, and cathode bipolar plate runner is provided only with a hydrogen outlet.Diffusion layer, Catalytic Layer and proton exchange membrane constituting membrane electrode group
Part is the core component of SPE electrolytic cell module.
In addition, the present invention is also respectively provided with anode seal circle 7 and cathode sealing ring 13, wherein anode seal circle 7 is located at
Between anode bipolar plate 6 and anode diffusion layer 8；Cathode sealing ring 13 is between cathode diffusion layer 12 and cathode bipolar plate 14.
The leakproofness of so certifiable SPE electrolytic cell module.In the present embodiment, the preferred high resiliency of sealing ring, corrosion resistant silicon rubber are close
Seal, thickness preferably 0.5~1mm, while settable sealing ring dashpot in bipolar plates, agree with sealing ring.
In above-mentioned component, the anode bipolar plate 6 and cathode bipolar plate 14 preferably use titanium alloy or other corrosion resistants
The stainless steel that erosion alloy is surface-treated is made.Anode diffusion layer 8 carries out the stainless (steel) wire of plating tantalum processing, cathode using surface
The preferred sintered porous titanium of diffusion layer 12 guarantees permeability and durability.The anode catalyst layer 9 uses IrO2Catalyst, cathode
Catalytic Layer 11 uses the black catalyst of Pt, and cathode and anode catalyst layer are respectively coated through spraying process in 10 liang of proton exchange membrane
Side, medium of the proton exchange membrane 10 as transmitting H+, using perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane, the preferred E.I.Du Pont Company's production of the present embodiment
111 film of Nafion.
And as another main improvement of the invention, as shown in Fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the bipolar plate runner packet
It includes successively to be bent from top to bottom by the compound runner for being no less than five foldings (the present embodiment uses five foldings) and connect and compose, for fluid
(pure water) is in the serpentine channel wherein flowed.The rear and front end of every compound runner of folding (depth is 1.2~2.0mm), which is equipped with, is in
(Cylinder Group in matrix is distributed the Cylinder Group 1 of point-like matrix structure design in the staggered mode in 60 ° of angles, body diameter
2mm), also, on every compound runner of folding and between the Cylinder Group of both ends be equipped with is in that mode of interlocking is distributed and will answer
Interflow road is divided into the parallel fluid channels ridge 2 (width is 1.5~2.0mm) of N parallel fluid channels 3 from top to bottom, meanwhile, adjacent is parallel
It is equipped between runner ridge for being connected to adjacent two parallel fluid channels, to balance Fluid pressure in compound runner and flow velocity
Openings 4.
In addition, the compound runner is from top to bottom, the item number of parallel fluid channels successively successively decreases in the way of equal difference, this
In embodiment, the compound runner of the top has 8 parallel fluid channels, and compound runner down successively successively decrease a concurrent flow by equal difference
Road, the i.e. compound runner of bottom have 4 parallel fluid channels.Also, it in anode bipolar plate runner and cathode bipolar plate runner, removes
The bottom parallel fluid channels in other compound runners outside the compound runner of one folding of bottommost, width is than other concurrent flow road widths
50%；Meanwhile the width of all parallel fluid channels in the compound runner of bottommost is flat with the bottom in other compound runners
Row width of flow path is identical.
In addition, due to the design structure for using serpentine channel, for along journey pressure drop, every folding is compound when reducing runner deflecting
End in runner for turning to fluid is equipped with the rounded corner 5 that smoothly transits.
Fig. 3 is that electrolysis water of the present invention prepares a kind of implementation system structure of hydrogen, in the system, the pure water water tank 16
Water outlet be passed through mouth through the pure water in the bipolar plate runner in 17 jointed anode bipolar plates 6 of constant displacement pump, pure water water tank 16 into
The mouth of a river then connects the pump discharge of circulating pump 21, and is also connected with valve between pure water water tank and circulating pump 21.
Water oxygen outlet connection knockout drum 19 in bipolar plate runner in the anode bipolar plate 6, the gas-liquid separation
19 water outlet of tank is connect with 20 water inlet of water temporary storage tank, and gas outlet is connect with oxygen drier 22, oxygen drier 22 and oxygen
Holding vessel 23 connects；And 20 water outlet of water temporary storage tank is then connect with the pump intake of circulating pump 21, so as to circular treatment.
The hydrogen outlet in bipolar plate runner on the cathode bipolar plate 14 is connect with hydrogen dryer 24, and the hydrogen is dry
Dry device 24 is connect with hydrogen storage tank 25.
Then anode access anode bipolar plate 6, cathode access cathode bipolar plate 14 to the DC power supply 18.
According to above system structure, the process for preparing hydrogen is following (using pure water as flow media):
(1) raw water is introduced the bipolar plate runner in anode bipolar plate by constant displacement pump；
(2) DC power supply is connected, anode-side powers on anode, and cathode side powers on cathode；
(3) water contacts with anode catalyst layer through anode diffusion layer through the bipolar plate runner in anode bipolar plate and generates oxygen
Gas；
(4) oxygen returns in anode bipolar plate runner through anode diffusion layer, draws together with the water not being electrolysed from water oxygen outlet
Out；And proton then passes through proton exchange membrane, is reduced to hydrogen under cathode catalysis layer effect, then through double on cathode bipolar plate
It is drawn after polar plate flow passage enrichment in hydrogen outlet；
(5) hydrogen drawn stores in hydrogen storage tank after drying；And water oxygen two-phase mixture is then through gas-liquid separation
Tank separation obtains water and oxygen, and oxygen enters oxygen storage tank after drying, and water then enters water temporary storage tank and keeps in, and then passes through
It is pumped into pure water water tank by circulating pump, continues cycling through above-mentioned steps.
Fig. 4 compared serpentine flow path, pressure and flow velocity in parallel fluid channels and combined dual-polar plate runner of the present invention
Distribution.Wherein (a), (c), (e) are respectively the pressure distribution in three of the above runner；(b), (d), (f) are respectively three kinds of streams
Velocity flow profile in road.Working media is all made of room temperature pure water, and channel size specification is consistent, takes identical water process amount.It calculates
The result shows that fluid is small along journey pressure drop in combined dual-polar plate flow field of the present invention, flow area is big, and velocity flow profile is more equal
It is even, the working efficiency of SPE electrolytic cell module can be obviously improved.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit protection model of the invention
Enclose, it is all in body design thought of the invention and mentally make have no the change of essential meaning or polishing, solved
Technical problem is still consistent with the present invention, should all be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. using the SPE electrolytic cell module in combined type flow field, which is characterized in that the anode bipolar plate including being sequentially overlapped assembling
(6), anode diffusion layer (8), anode catalyst layer (9), proton exchange membrane (10), cathode catalysis layer (11), cathode diffusion layer (12)
With cathode bipolar plate (14)；Anode bipolar plate runner is carved on the surface of anode bipolar plate (6) the jointed anode diffusion layer (8)
(15), it and in the bipolar plate runner is respectively equipped with pure water and is passed through mouth and water oxygen outlet；The cathode bipolar plate (14) connects cathode
It is carved with cathode bipolar plate runner on the surface of diffusion layer (12), and is equipped with hydrogen outlet in the bipolar plate runner；The anode is double
Polar plate flow passage and cathode plate bipolar plate runner are successively bent from top to bottom by the compound runner of no less than five foldings to be connected and composed, shape
The serpentine channel flowed at fluid；The rear and front end of every compound runner of folding is equipped with the Cylinder Group designed in point-like matrix structure
(1), it also, is equipped with to be distributed in staggeredly mode and compound runner is divided into N item from top to bottom in the middle part of every compound runner of folding and put down
The parallel fluid channels ridge (2) of row runner (3), 4≤N, and be equipped between adjacent parallel fluid channels ridge flat for being connected to adjacent two
Row runner, the openings (4) to balance Fluid pressure and flow velocity in compound runner；Meanwhile the compound runner is by upper
Down, the item number of parallel fluid channels successively successively decreases in the way of equal difference, for turning fluid in compound runner described in every folding
To end be equipped with the rounded corner that smoothly transits (5).
2. the SPE electrolytic cell module according to claim 1 using combined type flow field, which is characterized in that the anode is double
Anode seal circle (7) are additionally provided between pole plate (6) and anode diffusion layer (8).
3. the SPE electrolytic cell module according to claim 2 using combined type flow field, which is characterized in that the cathode is double
Cathode sealing ring (13) are additionally provided between pole plate (14) and cathode diffusion layer (12).
4. the SPE electrolytic cell module according to claim 3 using combined type flow field, which is characterized in that the anode is double
On polar plate flow passage, the pure water is passed through the end that the compound runner of the top in the bipolar plate runner is arranged in mouth；Described
Water oxygen exports the end that the compound runner of bottom in the bipolar plate runner is arranged in.
5. the SPE electrolytic cell module according to claim 4 using combined type flow field, which is characterized in that the cathode is double
On polar plate flow passage, the end of the compound runner of bottom in the bipolar plate runner is arranged in the hydrogen outlet.
6. the SPE electrolytic cell module according to claim 5 using combined type flow field, which is characterized in that bipolar in anode
The bottom concurrent flow in other compound runners in plate runner and cathode bipolar plate runner, in addition to the compound runner of one folding of bottommost
Road, width is than other concurrent flow road widths 50%；Meanwhile the width of all parallel fluid channels in the compound runner of bottommost is equal
It is of same size with the bottom parallel fluid channels in other compound runners.
7. described in any item SPE electrolytic cell modules using combined type flow field according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that point
Cylinder Group (1) in shape matrix structure is distributed in the staggered mode in 60 ° of angles.
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