CN102122717B - Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN102122717B CN102122717B CN201110032021.8A CN201110032021A CN102122717B CN 102122717 B CN102122717 B CN 102122717B CN 201110032021 A CN201110032021 A CN 201110032021A CN 102122717 B CN102122717 B CN 102122717B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising an anode in contact with hydrogen, a composite membrane and a cathode in contact with air from inside to outside; the composite membrane is composed of a proton exchange membrane (which usually is a Nafion membrane), an output joint is arranged at a anode plate, a seal ring used for isolating the anode output joint from the composite membrane and the cathode is arranged at the anode output joint and a cathode output joint is arranged at the bottom of the cathode; and the anode is in a cone shape, the composite membrane is in a cone shape matched with the cone shape of the anode, the cathode is a hollow pipe, the outside surface of the cathode hollow pipe is cylindrical and the inner hole of the cathode hollow pipe takes a shape of a cone hole with the same conical degree as the cathode. In the invention, the structure is reasonable and crucially a conical structure is adopted to ensure that a problem of the close fit between the cylindrical oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode and the composite membrane can be solved, therefore, the battery performance can be greatly enhanced, and the manufacture and the assembly can be convenient.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of column type hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode structure.
Background technology:
21st century is century of energy scarcity, the exploitation of novel energy, the reasonable efficiency utilization of the existing energy has been become to the theme of development in this century.At present, the fossil energies such as the oil that the mankind depend on for existence, natural gas and coal are reducing increasingly, instead will be the renewable resources such as Hydrogen Energy, solar energy and wind energy.Meanwhile, owing to using the inefficient combustion of existing resource (as oil, natural gas and coal), both wasted the energy, also severe contamination was caused to environment, to become the major issue that must solve this century.
Fuel cell (Fuel Cells) is a kind of electrochemical Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), and chemical energy can be directly electric energy by it.It is without heat engine process, therefore not by the restriction of Carnot cycle.Energy conversion efficiency high (40%-60%); Environmental friendliness, discharges nitrogen oxide and oxysulfide hardly; The discharge capacity of carbon dioxide also reduces more than 40% than conventional power plant.Just because of the superiority that these are outstanding, the research and development of fuel cell technology enjoys the attention of national governments and major company, is considered to the cleaning of 21 century first-selection, efficiently generation technology, becomes everybody and research and develop focus.
According to electrolytical difference, fuel cell (FC) one is divided into Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid shape fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), the large class of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) six.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) except there is the general feature of fuel cell (as high in energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness etc.), also have simultaneously can start fast in room temperature, without electrolyte loss, the outstanding feature such as water is easily discharged, the life-span is long, specific power and energy height.Therefore, it is not only for building dispersion power station, is also suitablely especially used as removable power source, executes one of electric motor car and the ideal candidates power supply not relying on air push submarine, is the general a kind of Novel moveable power sources of military and civilian.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is through development for many years, its each side technology reaches its maturity, at present close to commercialization, the main aspect of research is still around planar fuel cells, and the kind of market upper flat plate formula fuel cell is also a lot, but this employing is by bipolar plates, the planar fuel cells of membrane electrode and catalyst composition, not only battery cost is very high, also has a lot of shortcoming: battery volume is large, weight is large, sealing difficulty, install loaded down with trivial details, because the runner of bipolar plates is narrow, a lot of difficulties is brought for hydro-thermal management, water balance is lost in battery, , battery operating voltage is caused sharply to decline, affect efficiency and the life-span of battery.The operation of pile needs the ancillary equipment such as pump, gas cylinder, air compressor machine, and for the conveying of fuel and shifting out of product, make stack system huge, volumetric specific power and quality compare power reduction.
For the deficiency of flat fuel cell, researcher proposes the PEMFC of other structure of design, as made the conception of tubular fuel cell (need not with the bipolar plates in flow field), to reach the ancillary equipment simplifying battery, the volumetric specific power of raising battery and quality are than power, reduction cost of manufacture, shortening manufacturing cycle, meet the load instructions for use that volume is little, lightweight, power requirement is not high, accelerate PEMFC commercializing fuel cells paces.
Flat fuel cell will be reached to make the tube-shaped proton exchanging film type fuel battery performance prepared, researcher has carried out large quantifier elimination to the battery of fuel tube, usual tube-shaped proton exchanging film type fuel cell, comprise membrane electrode (MEA) assembly, it has the electrolytic thin-membrane being formed as hollow shape and the catalyst layer be arranged in electrolytic thin-membrane on outside.React in single cells, such as, when the inner side supply hydrogen to membrane-electrode assemblies, and during to the outside oxygen gas-supplying of membrane-electrode assemblies, the electric power produced by electricity reaction is collected by the current-collector be arranged in MEA on outside respectively, then outputs to outside.Be arranged on upper current-collector inside membrane electrode assembly to be called " interior current-collector ", and the current-collector be arranged on outside membrane electrode assembly is called " outer current-collector ".That is, in tube-shaped proton exchanging film type fuel cell by supplying a kind of reacting gas (such as hydrogen) to the inner side of membrane-electrode assemblies, and supply another kind of reacting gas (such as oxygen) to the outside of membrane-electrode assemblies and generate electricity.Therefore, in tube-shaped proton exchanging film type fuel cell, the outer surface of two or more cells is exposed to and is supplied in the reacting gas of public space, thus different from the situation of flat proton exchange model fuel cell, tube-shaped proton exchanging film type fuel cell can obtain compact dimensionally.
Also some researcher works out tubular fuel cell at present, such as, Yu Rujun adopts and sprays on Nafion115 by catalyst, then cathode and anode diffusion layer is wound on a metal bar, adopt bending heat pressing process, carry out hot pressing with two circular dies and obtain tubular film electrode; The inner support of anode diffusion layer adopts stainless steel metal antipriming pipe, for storage and the runner of methanol solution; Adopt stainless steel spring to be fixed on cathode diffusion layer outside membrane electrode, obtain air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell (Direct methanol fuel cell, DMFC).But above method complex manufacturing technology, particularly cannot solve the close contact problem between pole plate and composite membrane.
For planar cells, by outside corrosion resistant plate, adopt screw bolt and nut, tightening nut method makes combining closely between membrane electrode, negative electrode, anode.And general cylindrical employing wound form method, the close contact problem between membrane electrode, negative electrode, anode cannot be solved.Particularly reaction is expanded after producing water, makes more easily to occur gap between film and electrode, greatly can reduce battery performance.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, cylindrical membrane electrode that assembling is simple, composite membrane, anode, negative electrode can be combined closely, air-tightness is good hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell is with tapering.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A cylindrical membrane electrode for hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell band tapering, is characterized in that: be from inside to outside followed successively by anode, composite membrane, negative electrode composition respectively, what contact with hydrogen is anode, and what contact with air is negative electrode; Composite membrane is made up of proton exchange membrane, Catalytic Layer, diffusion layer, and there is out splice going splice at positive plate place, arranges the sealing ring by anode out splice going splice and composite membrane and cathode isolation at anode out splice going splice place, and the bottom of negative electrode is negative electrode out splice going splice; Anode is tapered, and composite membrane is in the taper with anode taper fit, and negative electrode is hollow tube, and the outer surface of negative electrode hollow tube is cylindrical, and the endoporus of negative electrode hollow tube is in the taper hole form identical with negative electrode tapering.
The tapering of anode is 1:50.
Anode is the tubular form of hollow, and hollow space is hydrogen paths.
Anode tube wall is open texture or has uniform small through hole, passes through to allow hydrogen.
Anode is solid clava, is provided with the helicla flute by hydrogen or grid groove, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm in clava periphery.
Negative electrode tube wall has equally distributed small through hole, arrives composite membrane to allow air.
Negative electrode inner surface of tube wall has helicla flute or grid groove, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm, arrive composite membrane to allow air oxygen.
The present invention is rational in infrastructure, and owing to there being tapering between composite membrane and anode, negative electrode, so contact tight, anti-leakage strengthens; Simply, manufacture difficulty is low for hot pressing grinding tool and heat pressing process; Anode adopts porous graphite, need not be with flow field bipolar plates, low cost of manufacture; Area of dissipation is large, and radiating rate is fast, and temperature is easy to adjust; Convenient disassembly during assembled battery group, is conducive to maintenance and changes assembly; Be widely used, notebook computer, electric bicycle, electronic toy etc. can be applied to.
What anode of the present invention adopted is have the solid graphite rod of helical form grain or the graphite rod of net-shaped groove, or tube wall has the graphite conical tube of many small through hole.Hydrogen flows through from graphite-pipe, hydrogen permeate graphite (graphite cast) or from small through hole by (graphite tube wall has many small through hole types); Or flow through from the runner (graphite rod has helicla flute and netted grooved) of tube wall external-open; And oxygen in the air passed into outermost layer (negative electrode), issue biochemical reaction at catalyst action, produce electric energy.This device encapsulating method is unique, and the relatively existing cylindrical fuel cell of hydrogen, the carrier of oxygen has improvement greatly.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that profile is cone and appearance has spiral fluted anode construction diagram.
Fig. 4 is profile is cylindrical, and endoporus is taper hole, and has spiral fluted cathode construction diagram.
The configuration diagram of Fig. 5 when to be negative electrode be tubular body and have small through hole.
Fig. 6 is the profile of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the configuration diagram of embodiment 2.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A cylindrical membrane electrode for hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell band tapering, be from inside to outside followed successively by anode 2 respectively, composite membrane 3, negative electrode 4 form, what contact with hydrogen is anode, and what contact with air is negative electrode; Composite membrane was made up of proton exchange membrane (Nafion film) (comprising catalyst layer, diffusion layer), there is out splice going splice 1 at positive plate place, sealing ring 6 by anode out splice going splice and composite membrane and cathode isolation is set at anode out splice going splice place, the bottom of negative electrode is negative electrode out splice going splice 5, and is provided with sealing ring 7; 6,7 sealing rings at two ends have the import and export of hydrogen and oxygen, and respectively with the channel connection of anode and negative electrode.
In figure, 8 is proton exchange membrane joint, and 9 is negative contact.Anode is tapered, and composite membrane is in the taper with anode taper fit, and negative electrode is hollow tube, and the outer surface of negative electrode hollow tube is cylindrical, and the endoporus of negative electrode hollow tube is in the taper hole form identical with negative electrode tapering.The tapering of anode is 1:50, can within the scope of positive and negative 5 °.
Anode is the tubular form of hollow, and hollow space is hydrogen paths.Can adopt loose solid tube wall, or tube wall is provided with the hydrogen through hole of net distribution.Negative electrode tube wall has equally distributed small through hole 10.
Anode and negative electrode processing method: the employing machining of graphite material.Also can adopt graphite/polymer composite material, manufacture by formed in mould method, there is when adopting mould molding to manufacture feature that is efficient, low cost.
Assembly method: the composite membrane making tapered tube shape is put between inner and outer pipe, then by inner and outer pipe compacting, owing to there being taper fit, so energy compacting, reach close-fitting object.
Embodiment 2:
Anode is solid clava, is provided with the helicla flute by hydrogen or grid groove, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm in clava periphery.
Negative electrode inner surface of tube wall has helicla flute or grid groove, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm.All the other are with embodiment 1.
The sealing ring at two ends has the import and export of hydrogen and oxygen, and respectively with the channel connection of anode and negative electrode.
Claims (2)
1. a hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell cylindrical membrane electrode for band tapering, is characterized in that: be from inside to outside followed successively by anode, composite membrane, negative electrode composition respectively, what contact with hydrogen is anode, and what contact with air is negative electrode; Composite membrane is made up of proton exchange membrane, Catalytic Layer, diffusion layer, and there is out splice going splice at positive plate place, arranges the sealing ring by anode out splice going splice and composite membrane and cathode isolation at anode out splice going splice place, and the bottom of negative electrode is negative electrode out splice going splice; Anode is tapered, and composite membrane is in the taper with anode taper fit, and negative electrode is hollow tube, and the outer surface of negative electrode hollow tube is cylindrical, and the endoporus of negative electrode hollow tube is in the taper hole form identical with negative electrode tapering; The tapering of anode is 1:50; Anode is the tubular form of hollow, and hollow space is hydrogen paths, and anode tube wall is open texture; Or anode is solid clava, be provided with the helicla flute by hydrogen or grid groove in clava periphery, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm; Negative electrode inner surface of tube wall has helicla flute or grid groove, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm, arrive composite membrane to allow air oxygen.
2. the cylindrical membrane electrode of hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell band tapering according to claim 1, is characterized in that: negative electrode tube wall has equally distributed small through hole, arrives composite membrane to allow air.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110032021.8A CN102122717B (en) | 2011-01-30 | 2011-01-30 | Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110032021.8A CN102122717B (en) | 2011-01-30 | 2011-01-30 | Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN102122717A CN102122717A (en) | 2011-07-13 |
| CN102122717B true CN102122717B (en) | 2015-02-18 |
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| CN201110032021.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102122717B (en) | 2011-01-30 | 2011-01-30 | Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106299430B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-10-02 | 清华大学 | The application method of fuel cell |
| CN106299383B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-11-30 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell mould group |
| CN106299382B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-11-09 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell system |
| CN109485044A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-19 | 陈志强 | Submarine fresh water air safeguards system and its method |
| CN108808036A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽和义新能源汽车充电设备有限公司 | A kind of fuel electrode |
| CN109411792B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-03-29 | 华南理工大学 | Novel tubular direct methanol fuel cell |
| CN113488674B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2022-06-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Assembling method of cylindrical self-breathing fuel cell |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101501906A (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2009-08-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Tube-type fuel cell |
| CN101771151A (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2010-07-07 | 南通大学 | Cylindrical membrane electrode for hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| WO2010136214A1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Ezelleron Gmbh | Oxide-ceramic high-temperature fuel cell |
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- 2011-01-30 CN CN201110032021.8A patent/CN102122717B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101501906A (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2009-08-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Tube-type fuel cell |
| WO2010136214A1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Ezelleron Gmbh | Oxide-ceramic high-temperature fuel cell |
| CN101771151A (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2010-07-07 | 南通大学 | Cylindrical membrane electrode for hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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