CN102122717A - Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN102122717A CN102122717A CN2011100320218A CN201110032021A CN102122717A CN 102122717 A CN102122717 A CN 102122717A CN 2011100320218 A CN2011100320218 A CN 2011100320218A CN 201110032021 A CN201110032021 A CN 201110032021A CN 102122717 A CN102122717 A CN 102122717A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising an anode in contact with hydrogen, a composite membrane and a cathode in contact with air from inside to outside; the composite membrane is composed of a proton exchange membrane (which usually is a Nafion membrane), an output joint is arranged at a anode plate, a seal ring used for isolating the anode output joint from the composite membrane and the cathode is arranged at the anode output joint and a cathode output joint is arranged at the bottom of the cathode; and the anode is in a cone shape, the composite membrane is in a cone shape matched with the cone shape of the anode, the cathode is a hollow pipe, the outside surface of the cathode hollow pipe is cylindrical and the inner hole of the cathode hollow pipe takes a shape of a cone hole with the same conical degree as the cathode. In the invention, the structure is reasonable and crucially a conical structure is adopted to ensure that a problem of the close fit between the cylindrical oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode and the composite membrane can be solved, therefore, the battery performance can be greatly enhanced, and the manufacture and the assembly can be convenient.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of column type hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode structure.
Background technology:
21st century is the century of energy scarcity, the rationally efficient utilization of the exploitation of novel energy, the existing energy has been become the theme of development in this century.At present, fossil energies such as the oil that the mankind depend on for existence, natural gas and coal reduce day by day, and what replace will be renewable resources such as Hydrogen Energy, solar energy and wind energy.Simultaneously,, both wasted the energy, also environment had been caused severe contamination, to become the major issue that must solve this century because the inefficient combustion of existing resource (as oil, natural gas and coal) is used.
Fuel cell (Fuel Cells) is a kind of electrochemical Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), and it can directly be converted into electric energy with chemical energy.Therefore it be not subjected to the restriction of Carnot cycle without the overheated machine process.Energy conversion efficiency height (40%-60%); Environmental friendliness is discharged nitrogen oxide and oxysulfide hardly; Emission amount of carbon dioxide also reduces more than 40% than conventional power generation usage factory.Just because of these outstanding superiority, the research and development of fuel cell technology enjoys the attention of national governments and major company, is considered to the cleaning of 21 century first-selection, generation technology efficiently, becomes everybody and researches and develops focus.
According to electrolytical difference, fuel cell (FC) is divided into Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) altogether, alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid shape fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) six big classes.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) except that having the general characteristics of fuel cell (as energy transformation efficiency height, environmental friendliness etc.), also have simultaneously can start fast in room temperature, outstanding features such as no electrolyte loss, water are easily discharged, the life-span long, specific power and energy height.Therefore, it not only is used for building the dispersion power station, and the also suitable especially removable power source that is used as is executed electric motor car and do not relied on one of ideal candidates power supply of air push submarine, is the general a kind of novel removable power sources of military and civilian.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is through years of development, its each side technology reaches its maturity, at present near commercialization, the main aspect of research is still around flat fuel cell, and the kind of market upper flat plate formula fuel cell is also a lot, but this employing is by bipolar plates, the flat fuel cell that membrane electrode and catalyst are formed, not only the battery cost is very high, also have a lot of shortcomings: the battery volume is big, weight is big, and the sealing difficulty is installed loaded down with trivial details, because the runner of bipolar plates is narrow, management brings a lot of difficulties for hydro-thermal, loses water balance in the battery, cause battery operated voltage sharply to descend, influence the efficient and the life-span of battery.The operation of pile needs ancillary equipment such as pump, gas cylinder, air compressor machine, is used for the conveying of fuel and shifting out of product, makes the pile system huge, and volumetric specific power and quality reduce than power.
Deficiency at flat fuel cell, the researcher has proposed to design the PEMFC of other structure, as make the conception of tubular fuel cell (need not with the bipolar plates in flow field), to reach the ancillary equipment of simplifying battery, improve volume of battery specific power and quality than power, reduction cost of manufacture, shortening manufacturing cycle, satisfy the load instructions for use that volume is little, in light weight, power requirement is not high, accelerate PEMFC fuel cell commercialization paces.
In order to make the tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell performance of preparing to reach flat fuel cell, the researcher has carried out a large amount of research to the battery of fuel tube, common tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell monomer, comprise membrane electrode (MEA) assembly, it has the electrolytic thin-membrane of the hollow shape of forming and is arranged on the catalyst layer on the outside in the electrolytic thin-membrane.In cell, react, for example, when inboard hydrogen supply to membrane-electrode assemblies, and when oxygen is supplied with in the outside of membrane-electrode assemblies, collect by the current-collector on the interior outside that is arranged on MEA respectively by the electric power that the electricity reaction produces, output to the outside then.Be arranged on that current-collector is called on the membrane electrode assembly inboard " interior current-collector ", and the current-collector that is arranged on the membrane electrode assembly outside is called " outer current-collector ".That is, in the tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell, by supplying with a kind of reacting gas (for example hydrogen) to the inboard of membrane-electrode assemblies, and supply with another kind of reacting gas (for example oxygen) to the outside of membrane-electrode assemblies and generate electricity.Therefore, in the tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell, the outer surface of two or more cells is exposed in the reacting gas that supplies to public space, thereby different with the situation of flat proton exchange model fuel cell, the tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell can make compactness dimensionally.
Also some researcher works out tubular fuel cell at present, for example, Yu Rujun adopts catalyst is sprayed on the Nafion115, then the cathode and anode diffusion layer is wound on the metal bar, adopt crooked heat pressing process, carry out hot pressing with two semicircle moulds and obtained the tubular film electrode; The stainless steel metal antipriming pipe is adopted in the interior support of anode diffusion layer, is used for the storage and the runner of methanol solution; The membrane electrode outside adopts stainless steel spring to be fixed on cathode diffusion layer, obtained the air self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell (Direct methanol fuel cell, DMFC).But above method complex manufacturing technology particularly can't solve the tight contact problems between pole plate and the composite membrane.
For planar cells, by the outside corrosion resistant plate, adopt screw bolt and nut, screw the nut method and make combining closely between membrane electrode, negative electrode, the anode.And general cylindrical employing wound form method can't solve the tight contact problems between membrane electrode, negative electrode, the anode.Particularly reaction is expanded after producing water, makes and more is prone to the gap between film and electrode, can reduce battery performance greatly.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, assembling is simple, composite membrane, anode, negative electrode can be combined closely, air-tightness is good hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell be with the cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering is characterized in that: from inside to outside be followed successively by anode, composite membrane, negative electrode composition respectively, what contact with hydrogen is anode, and what contact with air is negative electrode; Composite membrane is made up of proton exchange membrane, Catalytic Layer, diffusion layer, and there is out splice going splice at the positive plate place, and the sealing ring with anode out splice going splice and composite membrane and cathode isolation is set at anode out splice going splice place, and the bottom of negative electrode is the negative electrode out splice going splice; Anode is tapered, and composite membrane is the taper with the anode taper fit, and negative electrode is a hollow tube, and the outer surface of negative electrode hollow tube is cylindrical, and the endoporus of negative electrode hollow tube is the taper hole form identical with the negative electrode tapering.
The tapering of anode is 1:50.
Anode is the tubular form of hollow, and hollow space is the hydrogen passage.
The anode tube wall is open texture or has uniform small through hole, to allow hydrogen pass through.
Anode is solid clava, is provided with helicla flute or grid groove by hydrogen, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm in the clava periphery.
Have equally distributed small through hole on the negative electrode tube wall, to allow air arrive composite membrane.
Have helicla flute or grid groove on the negative electrode inner surface of tube wall, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm is to allow air oxygen arrive composite membrane.
The present invention is rational in infrastructure, because tapering has been arranged, so contact tightly, anti-leakage strengthens between composite membrane and anode, the negative electrode; Hot pressing grinding tool and heat pressing process are simple, and manufacture difficulty is low; Anode adopts porous graphite, need not be with the flow field bipolar plates, low cost of manufacture; Area of dissipation is big, and radiating rate is fast, and adjustment is convenient; Convenient disassembly during the assembled battery group helps maintenance and changes assembly; Be widely used, can be applied to notebook computer, electric bicycle, electronic toy etc.
What anode of the present invention adopted is to have the poor solid graphite rod of helical form or the graphite rod of netted shape groove, or has the graphite conical tube of many small through hole on the tube wall.Hydrogen flows through from graphite-pipe, hydrogen permeate graphite (graphite cast) or from small through hole by (the graphite tube wall has many small through hole types); Or flow through from the runner (graphite rod has helicla flute and netted grooved) of tube wall external-open; And oxygen in the air that feeds with outermost layer (negative electrode) issues biochemical reaction at catalyst action, produces electric energy.This device encapsulating method uniqueness, the existing relatively cylindrical fuel battery of hydrogen, the carrier of oxygen has improvement greatly.
Description of drawings:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that profile is that cone and appearance have spiral fluted anode construction diagrammatic sketch.
Fig. 4 is that profile is cylindrical, and endoporus is a taper hole, and has spiral fluted cathode construction diagrammatic sketch.
Fig. 5 is that negative electrode is tubular body and the configuration diagram when having small through hole.
Fig. 6 is the profile of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the configuration diagram of embodiment 2.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell from inside to outside is followed successively by anode 2, composite membrane 3, negative electrode 4 compositions respectively with the cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering, and what contact with hydrogen is anode, and what contact with air is negative electrode; Composite membrane is made up of proton exchange membrane (Nafion film) (comprising catalyst layer, diffusion layer), there is out splice going splice 1 at the positive plate place, sealing ring 6 with anode out splice going splice and composite membrane and cathode isolation is set at anode out splice going splice place, the bottom of negative electrode is a negative electrode out splice going splice 5, and is provided with sealing ring 7; 6,7 sealing rings at two ends have the import and export of hydrogen and oxygen, and respectively with the channel connection of anode and negative electrode.
8 is the proton exchange membrane joint among the figure, and 9 are negative contact.Anode is tapered, and composite membrane is the taper with the anode taper fit, and negative electrode is a hollow tube, and the outer surface of negative electrode hollow tube is cylindrical, and the endoporus of negative electrode hollow tube is the taper hole form identical with the negative electrode tapering.The tapering of anode is 1:50, can be in positive and negative 5 ° of scopes.
Anode is the tubular form of hollow, and hollow space is the hydrogen passage.Can adopt loose solid tube wall, or tube wall is provided with the hydrogen through hole of net distribution.Have equally distributed small through hole 10 on the negative electrode tube wall.
Anode and negative electrode processing method: the employing machining of graphite material.Also can adopt graphite/polymer composites, with formed in mould method manufacturing, have efficiently when adopting mould molding to make, characteristics cheaply.
Assembly method: the composite membrane of making tapered tube shape is put between the inner and outer pipe, and again with the inner and outer pipe compacting, because taper fit is arranged, the energy compacting reaches close-fitting purpose.
Embodiment 2:
Anode is solid clava, is provided with helicla flute or grid groove by hydrogen, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm in the clava periphery.
Have helicla flute or grid groove on the negative electrode inner surface of tube wall, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm.All the other are with embodiment 1.
The sealing ring at two ends has the import and export of hydrogen and oxygen, and respectively with the channel connection of anode and negative electrode.
Claims (7)
1. a hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized in that with the cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering: from inside to outside be followed successively by anode, composite membrane, negative electrode respectively and form, what contact with hydrogen is anode, and what contact with air is negative electrode; Composite membrane is made up of proton exchange membrane, Catalytic Layer, diffusion layer, and there is out splice going splice at the positive plate place, and the sealing ring with anode out splice going splice and composite membrane and cathode isolation is set at anode out splice going splice place, and the bottom of negative electrode is the negative electrode out splice going splice; Anode is tapered, and composite membrane is the taper with the anode taper fit, and negative electrode is a hollow tube, and the outer surface of negative electrode hollow tube is cylindrical, and the endoporus of negative electrode hollow tube is the taper hole form identical with the negative electrode tapering.
2. the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1 cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering, it is characterized in that: the tapering of anode is 1:50.
3. the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1 and 2 cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering, it is characterized in that: anode is the tubular form of hollow, hollow space is the hydrogen passage.
4. the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 3 cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering, it is characterized in that: the anode tube wall is open texture or has uniform small through hole, to allow hydrogen pass through.
5. the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1 and 2 cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering, it is characterized in that: anode is solid clava, be provided with helicla flute or grid groove by hydrogen, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm in the clava periphery.
6. hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 4 is characterized in that: have equally distributed small through hole on the negative electrode tube wall, to allow air arrive composite membrane with the cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering.
7. the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 5 cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering, it is characterized in that: have helicla flute or grid groove on the negative electrode inner surface of tube wall, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm is to allow air oxygen arrive composite membrane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110032021.8A CN102122717B (en) | 2011-01-30 | 2011-01-30 | Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110032021.8A CN102122717B (en) | 2011-01-30 | 2011-01-30 | Tapered cylindrical membrane electrode for oxyhydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN102122717A true CN102122717A (en) | 2011-07-13 |
| CN102122717B CN102122717B (en) | 2015-02-18 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106299382A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-04 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell system |
| CN106299430A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-04 | 清华大学 | The using method of fuel cell |
| CN106299383A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-04 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell module |
| CN108808036A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽和义新能源汽车充电设备有限公司 | A kind of fuel electrode |
| CN109411792A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-01 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of novel tubular direct methanol fuel cell |
| CN109485044A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-19 | 陈志强 | Submarine fresh water air safeguards system and its method |
| CN113488674A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Cylindrical self-breathing fuel cell and assembly method thereof |
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| CN101501906A (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2009-08-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Tube-type fuel cell |
| CN101771151A (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2010-07-07 | 南通大学 | Cylindrical membrane electrode for hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| WO2010136214A1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Ezelleron Gmbh | Oxide-ceramic high-temperature fuel cell |
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2011
- 2011-01-30 CN CN201110032021.8A patent/CN102122717B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
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| CN101501906A (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2009-08-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Tube-type fuel cell |
| WO2010136214A1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Ezelleron Gmbh | Oxide-ceramic high-temperature fuel cell |
| CN101771151A (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2010-07-07 | 南通大学 | Cylindrical membrane electrode for hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106299382A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-04 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell system |
| CN106299430A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-04 | 清华大学 | The using method of fuel cell |
| CN106299383A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-04 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell module |
| CN106299430B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-10-02 | 清华大学 | The application method of fuel cell |
| CN106299382B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-11-09 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell system |
| CN106299383B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-11-30 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell mould group |
| CN109485044A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-19 | 陈志强 | Submarine fresh water air safeguards system and its method |
| CN108808036A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽和义新能源汽车充电设备有限公司 | A kind of fuel electrode |
| CN109411792A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-01 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of novel tubular direct methanol fuel cell |
| CN109411792B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-03-29 | 华南理工大学 | Novel tubular direct methanol fuel cell |
| CN113488674A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Cylindrical self-breathing fuel cell and assembly method thereof |
| CN113488674B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2022-06-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Assembling method of cylindrical self-breathing fuel cell |
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| CN102122717B (en) | 2015-02-18 |
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