CN109755606B - Uniform flow field plate fuel cell and working method thereof - Google Patents
Uniform flow field plate fuel cell and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109755606B CN109755606B CN201910053648.8A CN201910053648A CN109755606B CN 109755606 B CN109755606 B CN 109755606B CN 201910053648 A CN201910053648 A CN 201910053648A CN 109755606 B CN109755606 B CN 109755606B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a uniform flow field plate fuel cell and a working method thereof, wherein the uniform flow field plate fuel cell comprises an anode flow field plate, an anode collector plate, an anode electrode, an exchange membrane, a cathode electrode, a cathode collector plate and a cathode flow field plate which are arranged on a fuel cell body; the fuel supply branch and the product discharge branch are pipelines which are positioned in the anode flow field plate, are not communicated with each other in a staggered mode and are arranged in an array mode, and an array longitudinal fuel conveying flow field which is uniformly distributed on the surface of an electrode is adopted, so that fuel can directly and uniformly reach the surface of the electrode; meanwhile, a fuel recovery flow field corresponding to the fuel conveying flow field is adopted, downstream transmission of the fuel and the product is guaranteed, mixing of the fuel product is avoided, and pump work consumed by the cell is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a uniform flow field plate fuel cell and a working method thereof.
Background
Energy is an important material basis on which human beings live and develop, and all activities of the human society cannot leave the energy. With the rapid development of economy and the continuous progress of society, the consumption of energy by human beings is continuously increased. The energy demand continues to increase worldwide and the consumption of traditional fossil energy remains dominant. However, traditional fossil energy reserves are limited and some of the energy will be depleted in the next decades. In addition, in the process of utilizing traditional fossil energy, the problem of environmental pollution is also increasing, and the problems of greenhouse effect, acid rain, ozone layer damage and the like caused by the problem seriously threaten the survival and development of human beings. In the face of serious challenges of energy crisis and environmental protection, finding clean sustainable energy capable of replacing traditional fossil energy is certainly the focus of human research.
At present, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy and the like have the advantages of sufficient energy, clean and pollution-free utilization process and the like. However, the energy sources have the problems of intermittency, instability, low efficiency and the like in the utilization process. Fuel cells are receiving much attention because of their advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, low pollution, and no noise. As a new generation of energy technology, the fuel cell provides a new idea for solving the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution, and has strategic significance. The fuel cell technology is a novel power generation technology, can directly convert chemical energy existing in fuel and oxidant into electric energy, has the remarkable advantages of high efficiency, no pollution, no noise, high reliability, modularization, quick response to load change and the like, and is considered as an ultimate solution for solving the energy crisis.
The fuel cell mainly comprises an ion exchange membrane, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a bipolar plate. The Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) composed of a cathode electrode, an ion exchange membrane and an anode electrode is a place where electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell occurs. Fuel and oxidant are introduced into the anode and cathode of the cell, respectively. Fuel (e.g. H) passed to the anode2、CH3OH、CH3CH2OH、CO(NH2)2、NaBH4HCOONa, etc.) to release electrons, which flow to the cathode through an external circuit and react with the cathode's oxidant (e.g., O)2、H2O2Etc.) the reduction reaction occurs in combination. While ions migrate through the electrolyte membrane to the cathode (or anode) to form a circuit.
Among the various types of fuel cells, Direct Liquid Fuel Cells (DLFC) have received much attention in recent years due to advantages such as high fuel energy density, convenience in storage and transportation, and the like. The direct liquid fuel cell is a fuel cell using liquid such as methanol, ethanol, urea, sodium borohydride, formate and the like as fuel. Direct liquid fuel cells can be classified into acid direct liquid fuel cells and alkaline direct liquid fuel cells according to the kind of the solid electrolyte membrane.
As a key part of a direct liquid fuel cell, the anode flow field has the functions of conveying fuel, distributing fuel and recovering products, and plays a very key role in the whole operation process of the fuel cell. The current anode flow field of the fuel cell mainly comprises a serpentine flow field, a parallel flow field, a discontinuous flow field, an interdigital flow field and the like, and the anode flow field mainly enters an electrode for reaction through the diffusion effect of fuel flowing on one side of the electrode. In the process, along with the flowing of the fuel in the flow channel and the diffusion reaction in the electrode, the fuel continuously consumes products and continuously enters the flow channel, the concentration of the fuel is gradually reduced, the concentration distribution of the fuel in the electrode is uneven, the electrode reaction efficiency is reduced, and the working efficiency of the direct liquid fuel cell is further reduced.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems of fuel product mixing and uneven fuel concentration distribution in the flow reaction process of fuel cell fuel, a high-efficiency fuel cell with fuel product phase separation and concurrent flow transmission and uniform fuel concentration distribution is in urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a uniform flow field plate fuel cell with forward flow transmission and high efficiency operation and a working method thereof, so that fuel can directly and uniformly reach the surface of an electrode, the forward flow transmission of the fuel and a product is ensured, and the mixing of the fuel product is avoided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a fuel cell with uniform flow field plate comprises an anode flow field plate, an anode collector plate, an anode electrode, an exchange membrane, a cathode electrode, a cathode collector plate and a cathode flow field plate which are arranged on a fuel cell body;
the anode current collecting plate is connected with the anode flow field plate and the anode electrode, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are separated by an exchange membrane, and the cathode current collecting plate is connected with the cathode electrode and the cathode flow field plate;
the anode flow field plate is a flow field plate with flow path distribution, and a fuel inlet, a fuel distribution flow path, a fuel supply branch, a product discharge branch, a product recovery flow path and a fuel outlet are arranged in the anode flow field plate; the fuel inlet is the inlet of the fuel distribution flow path and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, the inlet of the fuel supply branch path is connected with the fuel distribution flow path, the outlet of the fuel supply branch path is connected with the anode electrode through the anode collector plate, the inlet of the product discharge branch path is connected with the anode electrode through the anode collector plate, the outlet of the product discharge branch path is connected with the product recovery flow path, and the fuel outlet is the outlet of the product recovery flow path and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell;
the fuel supply branch and the product discharge branch are pipelines which are positioned in the anode flow field plate, are mutually staggered, are not communicated and are arranged in an array, the anode current collecting plate is a flat plate with array distribution holes, and a pore passage in the current collecting plate is communicated with the outlet of the fuel supply branch and the inlet of the product discharge branch;
the cathode flow field plate is a flat plate with channels, and the cathode flow field plate is a flat plate with channels corresponding to the channels of the cathode flow field plate.
Furthermore, the fuel distribution flow path and the product recovery flow path are longitudinally arranged in the anode flow field plate, the product discharge branch and the fuel supply branch are a plurality of branch pipelines which are transversely distributed, and the plurality of product discharge branches are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the anode flow field plate in an array manner at equal intervals; the fuel supply branches are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the anode current collecting plate in an array manner at equal intervals.
Further, the plurality of product discharge branches intersect the plurality of fuel supply branches and are arranged at equal intervals.
Further, the fuel inlet is located at the top of the anode flow field plate, and the fuel outlet is located at the bottom of the anode flow field plate.
Furthermore, a snake-shaped flow channel, a parallel flow channel, a discontinuous flow channel or an interdigital flow channel is arranged in the cathode flow field plate.
Furthermore, the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate are made of inorganic non-metallic materials, metal composite materials or organic polymer materials.
Furthermore, the cathode collector plate and the anode collector plate are made of inorganic nonmetal such as graphite or metal such as stainless steel.
Further, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are made of a conductive metal material or a carbon material coated with a corresponding catalyst having a porous structure, and structurally include a support layer, a catalytic layer, and a diffusion layer.
Further, the exchange membrane is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane.
A method of operating a uniform flow field plate fuel cell comprising the steps of:
step S100: uniform distribution of fuel into the electrodes:
unreacted fuel of the fuel cell enters the anode side of the fuel cell through a fuel inlet, is uniformly distributed to the fuel supply branch through a fuel distribution flow path under the action of pumping work, and enters the anode electrode; meanwhile, the oxidant sequentially passes through the cathode flow field plate and the cathode collector plate and enters the cathode electrode;
step S200: and (3) battery discharge reaction:
the fuel reacts on the surface of the anode electrode;
step S300: the product flows out in parallel:
after the fuel reaction is finished, the fuel flowing in from each fuel supply branch outlet flows out from the product discharge branch inlet which is closer to the anode electrode, converges to the product recovery flow path, and is discharged through the fuel outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the uniform flow field plate fuel cell comprises an anode flow field plate, an anode collector plate, an anode electrode, an exchange membrane, a cathode electrode, a cathode collector plate and a cathode flow field plate which are arranged on a fuel cell body; the fuel supply branch and the product discharge branch are pipelines which are positioned in the anode flow field plate, are not communicated with each other in a staggered mode and are arranged in an array mode, and an array longitudinal fuel conveying flow field which is uniformly distributed on the surface of an electrode is adopted, so that fuel can directly and uniformly reach the surface of the electrode; meanwhile, a fuel recovery flow field corresponding to the fuel conveying flow field is adopted, downstream transmission of the fuel and the product is guaranteed, mixing of the fuel product is avoided, and pump work consumed by the cell is reduced.
Furthermore, the product discharge branches and the fuel supply branches are crossed and arranged at equal intervals, unreacted electrolyte flows out from the product discharge branch inlet at a short distance, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet is further reduced, and the improvement of the battery efficiency and the reduction of the battery pumping power are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a side view of a collector plate for a fuel cell of the present invention
In the figure: 1-anode flow field plate, 2-anode current collecting plate, 3-anode electrode, 4-exchange membrane, 5-cathode electrode, 6-cathode current collecting plate, 7-cathode flow field plate, 8-fuel inlet, 9-fuel distribution flow path, 10-fuel supply branch, 11-product discharge branch, 12-product recovery flow path and 13-fuel outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the examples, but without limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the fuel cell of the present invention includes an anode flow field plate 1, an anode flow collecting plate 2, an anode electrode 3, an exchange membrane 4, a cathode electrode 5, a cathode flow collecting plate 6, and a cathode flow field plate 7 provided on a fuel cell body; the anode current collecting plate 2 is connected with the anode current flow field plate 1 and the anode electrode 3, the anode electrode 3 and the cathode electrode 5 are separated by an exchange membrane 4, and the cathode current collecting plate 6 is connected with the cathode electrode 5 and the cathode current flow field plate 7.
The anode flow field plate 1 is a flow field plate with flow path distribution, and the anode flow field plate 1 is provided with a fuel inlet 8, a fuel distribution flow path 9, a fuel supply branch 10, a product discharge branch 11, a product recovery flow path 12 and a fuel outlet 13; the fuel inlet 8 is the inlet of the fuel distribution flow path 9 and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, the inlet of the fuel supply branch 10 is connected with the fuel distribution flow path 9, the outlet of the fuel supply branch 10 is connected with the anode electrode 3 through the anode current collecting plate 2, the fuel supply branch 10 is not communicated with the product discharge branch 11 in a staggered way, the inlet of the product discharge branch 11 is connected with the anode electrode 3 through the anode current collecting plate 2, the outlet of the product discharge branch 11 is connected with the product recovery flow path 12, and the fuel outlet 13 is the outlet of the product recovery flow path 12 and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell. The fuel supply legs 10 and the product discharge legs 11 are tubes in the anode flow field plate 1 that are not in communication with each other in an interlaced and arrayed manner.
The fuel distribution flow path 9 and the product recovery flow path 12 are longitudinally arranged in the anode flow field plate 1, the product discharge branch 11 and the fuel supply branch 10 are a plurality of branch pipelines which are transversely distributed, and the plurality of product discharge branches 11 are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the anode flow field plate 2 at equal intervals in an array manner; meanwhile, a plurality of fuel supply branches 10 are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the anode current collecting plate 2 in an array manner at equal intervals.
The plurality of product discharge branches 11 intersect the plurality of fuel supply branches 10 and are arranged at equal intervals.
The fuel inlet 8 is located at the top of the anode flow field plate 1 and the fuel outlet 13 is located at the bottom of the anode flow field plate 1.
The anode current collecting plate 2 is a flat plate with array distribution holes, and a pore passage in the current collecting plate is communicated with an outlet of the fuel supply branch 10 and an inlet of the product discharge branch 11.
Wherein the fuel is a liquid solution having chemical energy and capable of being converted into electric energy, and comprises CH3OH、CH3CH2OH、CO(NH2)2、NaBH4And HCOONa.
The cathode flow field plate 7 is a flat plate with serpentine flow channels, parallel flow channels, discontinuous flow channels, interdigital flow channels and the like, and the cathode collector plate 6 is a flat plate with pore channels corresponding to the flow channels of the cathode flow field plate 7.
The materials used for the anode flow field plate 1 and the cathode flow field plate 7 have mechanical strength required for fuel cells and corrosion resistance to the fuel used, and include inorganic nonmetallic materials such as graphite, metal composite materials such as stainless steel, and organic polymer materials such as polymethyl methacrylate.
The cathode current collecting plate 6 and the anode current collecting plate 2 are made of inorganic nonmetal such as graphite or conductive material of metal such as stainless steel.
The anode electrode and the cathode electrode are made of a conductive metal material or a carbon material having a porous structure coated with a corresponding catalyst, and structurally include a support layer, a catalytic layer, and a diffusion layer. The exchange membrane 4 is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane.
The fuel cell working method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
step S100: uniform distribution of fuel into the electrodes:
unreacted fuel of the fuel cell enters the anode side of the fuel cell through a fuel inlet 8, is uniformly distributed to a fuel supply branch 10 through a fuel distribution flow path 9 under the action of pumping work, and enters an anode electrode 3; meanwhile, the oxidant enters the cathode electrode 5 through the cathode flow field plate 7 and the cathode current collecting plate 6 in an active or passive mode;
step S200: and (3) battery discharge reaction:
taking an acid fuel cell as an example, fuel is subjected to oxidation reaction on the surface of an anode electrode 3 to generate protons, electrons are lost and the valence is raised, the lost electrons enter the anode side through the anode electrode 3 and an anode collector plate 2 through an external circuit, and the protons enter the cathode side through an exchange membrane 4 under the action of an electric field; the electrons reach the surface of the cathode electrode 3 through an external circuit and the cathode collector plate 6, and the oxidant and the protons undergo a reduction reaction on the surface of the anode to obtain electrons, so that the valence is reduced, and the primary discharge reaction of the battery is realized;
step S300: the product flows out in parallel:
after the fuel reaction is finished, the fuel flowing in from the outlet of each fuel supply branch 10 flows out from the inlet of the product discharge branch 11 which is close to the inlet of the product discharge branch through the anode electrode 3, uniform reaction is ensured, the fuel flows out in the lowest flow path, and further the fuel is converged to the product recovery flow path 12 from the product discharge branch 11 and is discharged through the fuel outlet 13.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the array longitudinal fuel conveying flow field which is uniformly distributed on the surface of the electrode, so that the fuel can directly and uniformly reach the surface of the electrode, and simultaneously adopts the fuel recovery flow field which corresponds to the fuel conveying flow field, thereby ensuring the downstream transmission of the fuel and the product and avoiding the mixing of the fuel products.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A uniform flow field plate fuel cell, comprising: comprises an anode flow field plate (1), an anode flow collecting plate (2), an anode electrode (3), an exchange membrane (4), a cathode electrode (5), a cathode flow collecting plate (6) and a cathode flow field plate (7) which are arranged on a fuel cell body;
the anode current collecting plate (2) is connected with the anode flow field plate (1) and the anode electrode (3), the anode electrode (3) and the cathode electrode (5) are separated by an exchange membrane (4), and the cathode current collecting plate (6) is connected with the cathode electrode (5) and the cathode flow field plate (7);
the anode flow field plate (1) is a flow field plate with flow path distribution, and a fuel inlet (8), a fuel distribution flow path (9), a fuel supply branch (10), a product discharge branch (11), a product recovery flow path (12) and a fuel outlet (13) are arranged in the anode flow field plate (1); the fuel inlet (8) is the inlet of the fuel distribution flow path (9) and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, the inlet of the fuel supply branch (10) is connected with the fuel distribution flow path (9), the outlet of the fuel supply branch (10) is connected with the anode electrode (3) through the anode collector plate (2), the inlet of the product discharge branch (11) is connected with the anode electrode (3) through the anode collector plate (2), the outlet of the product discharge branch (11) is connected with the product recovery flow path (12), and the fuel outlet (13) is the outlet of the product recovery flow path (12) and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell;
the fuel supply branch (10) and the product discharge branch (11) are pipelines which are positioned in the anode flow field plate (1), are mutually staggered, not communicated and are arranged in an array, the anode current collecting plate (2) is a flat plate with array distribution holes, and a pore passage in the current collecting plate is communicated with an outlet of the fuel supply branch (10) and an inlet of the product discharge branch (11);
the cathode flow field plate (7) is a flat plate with channels, and the cathode collector plate (6) is a flat plate with channels corresponding to the channels of the cathode flow field plate (7);
a snake-shaped flow channel, a parallel flow channel, a discontinuous flow channel or an interdigital flow channel are arranged in the cathode flow field plate (7);
the anode flow field plate (1) and the cathode flow field plate (7) are made of inorganic non-metallic materials, metal composite materials or organic polymer materials.
2. The uniform flow field plate fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the fuel distribution flow path (9) and the product recovery flow path (12) are longitudinally arranged in the anode flow field plate (1), the product discharge branches (11) and the fuel supply branches (10) are a plurality of branch pipelines which are transversely distributed, and the plurality of product discharge branches (11) are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the anode flow collecting plate (2) in an array manner at equal intervals; the fuel supply branches (10) are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the anode current collecting plate (2) in an array manner at equal intervals.
3. The uniform flow field plate fuel cell of claim 2, wherein: the product discharge branches (11) intersect the fuel supply branches (10) and are arranged at equal intervals.
4. The uniform flow field plate fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the fuel inlet (8) is positioned at the top of the anode flow field plate (1), and the fuel outlet (13) is positioned at the bottom of the anode flow field plate (1).
5. The uniform flow field plate fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the cathode current collecting plate (6) and the anode current collecting plate (2) are made of inorganic nonmetal such as graphite or metal such as stainless steel.
6. The uniform flow field plate fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are made of conductive metal materials or carbon materials coated with corresponding catalysts and having porous structures, and structurally comprise a support layer, a catalytic layer and a diffusion layer.
7. The uniform flow field plate fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the exchange membrane (4) is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a middle exchange membrane.
8. A method of operating a uniform flow field plate fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step S100: uniform distribution of fuel into the electrodes:
unreacted fuel of the fuel cell enters the anode side of the fuel cell through a fuel inlet (8), is uniformly distributed to a fuel supply branch (10) through a fuel distribution flow path (9) under the action of pumping work, and enters an anode electrode (3); meanwhile, the oxidant sequentially passes through a cathode flow field plate (7) and a cathode collector plate (6) and enters a cathode electrode (5);
step S200: and (3) battery discharge reaction:
the fuel reacts on the surface of the anode electrode (3);
step S300: the product flows out in parallel:
after the fuel reaction is finished, the fuel flowing in from the outlet of each fuel supply branch (10) flows out from the inlet of the product discharge branch (11) at a close distance through the anode electrode (3), converges to the product recovery flow path (12), and is discharged through the fuel outlet (13).
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| JP2008270146A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-11-06 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell |
| JP5248070B2 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2013-07-31 | 株式会社東芝 | Fuel cell power generation system |
| CN104916855B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-04-12 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Fuel cell device |
| CN105161739B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-08-01 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Fuel-cell device |
| CN205543068U (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-08-31 | 上海精密计量测试研究所 | Fuel cell |
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| CN1524311A (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2004-08-25 | Ħ��������˾ | Direct methanol fuel cell system |
| CN1836346A (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2006-09-20 | 摩托罗拉公司 | Direct methanol fuel cell including integrated flow field |
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