CN109830720B - Material transmission step-by-step dispersion fuel cell and working method thereof - Google Patents
Material transmission step-by-step dispersion fuel cell and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109830720B CN109830720B CN201910054375.9A CN201910054375A CN109830720B CN 109830720 B CN109830720 B CN 109830720B CN 201910054375 A CN201910054375 A CN 201910054375A CN 109830720 B CN109830720 B CN 109830720B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material transmission step-by-step dispersion fuel cell and a working method thereof, wherein through a fuel distribution flow path and a tree-shaped fuel supply branch, the fuel is distributed step by step and longitudinally flows into a flow field, so that the fuel can directly and uniformly enter the surface of an electrode, the fuel reaction degree is improved, and the cell efficiency is improved; the product reflux area is a flow field plate which is provided with array-distributed array-shaped fuel discharge branches, a fuel recovery flow path and a fuel distribution flow path, and a cavity is reserved around the inflow flow field, so that the fuel directly enters the cavity after entering the electrode to react and further enters the array-distributed longitudinal outflow flow field combined with the inflow flow field in a downstream manner, the inflow and outflow of the fuel realize the downstream flow, the high concentration of the fuel on the surface of the electrode is maintained, and the mixing of the fuel and the product in the flow process is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell with stepwise dispersed material transmission and a working method thereof.
Background
Energy is an important material basis on which human beings live and develop, and all activities of the human society cannot leave the energy. With the rapid development of economy and the continuous progress of society, the consumption of energy by human beings is continuously increased. The energy demand continues to increase worldwide and the consumption of traditional fossil energy remains dominant. However, traditional fossil energy reserves are limited and some of the energy will be depleted in the next decades. In addition, in the process of utilizing traditional fossil energy, the problem of environmental pollution is also increasing, and the problems of greenhouse effect, acid rain, ozone layer damage and the like caused by the problem seriously threaten the survival and development of human beings. In the face of serious challenges of energy crisis and environmental protection, finding clean sustainable energy capable of replacing traditional fossil energy is certainly the focus of human research.
At present, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy and the like have the advantages of sufficient energy, clean and pollution-free utilization process and the like. However, the energy sources have the problems of intermittency, instability, low efficiency and the like in the utilization process. Fuel cells are receiving much attention because of their advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, low pollution, and no noise. As a new generation of energy technology, the fuel cell provides a new idea for solving the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution, and has strategic significance. The fuel cell technology is a novel power generation technology, can directly convert chemical energy existing in fuel and oxidant into electric energy, has the remarkable advantages of high efficiency, no pollution, no noise, high reliability, modularization, quick response to load change and the like, and is considered as an ultimate solution for solving the energy crisis.
The fuel cell mainly comprises an ion exchange membrane, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a bipolar plate. The Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) composed of a cathode electrode, an ion exchange membrane and an anode electrode is a place where electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell occurs. Fuel and oxidant are introduced into the anode and cathode of the cell, respectively. Fuel (e.g. H) passed to the anode2、CH3OH、CH3CH2OH、CO(NH2)2、NaBH4HCOONa, etc.) to release electrons, which flow to the cathode through an external circuit and react with the cathode's oxidant (e.g., O)2、H2O2Etc.) the reduction reaction occurs in combination. While ions migrate through the electrolyte membrane to the cathode (or anode) to form a circuit.
Among the various types of fuel cells, Direct Liquid Fuel Cells (DLFC) have received much attention in recent years due to advantages such as high fuel energy density, convenience in storage and transportation, and the like. The direct liquid fuel cell is a fuel cell using liquid such as methanol, ethanol, urea, sodium borohydride, formate and the like as fuel. Direct liquid fuel cells can be classified into acid direct liquid fuel cells and alkaline direct liquid fuel cells according to the kind of the solid electrolyte membrane.
As a key part of a direct liquid fuel cell, the anode flow field has the functions of conveying fuel, distributing fuel and recovering products, and plays a very key role in the whole operation process of the fuel cell. The current anode flow field of the fuel cell mainly comprises a serpentine flow field, a parallel flow field, a discontinuous flow field, an interdigital flow field and the like, and the anode flow field mainly enters an electrode for reaction through the diffusion effect of fuel flowing on one side of the electrode. In the process, along with the flowing of the fuel in the flow channel and the diffusion reaction in the electrode, the fuel continuously consumes products and continuously enters the flow channel, the concentration of the fuel is gradually reduced, the concentration distribution of the fuel in the electrode is uneven, the electrode reaction efficiency is reduced, and the working efficiency of the direct liquid fuel cell is further reduced.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems of fuel product mixing and uneven fuel concentration distribution in the flow reaction process of fuel cell fuel, a high-efficiency fuel cell with fuel product phase separation and concurrent flow transmission and uniform fuel concentration distribution is in urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell with stepwise material delivery and a method for operating the same, which enables fuel to directly and uniformly reach the surface of an electrode, thereby ensuring downstream delivery of fuel and product and avoiding mixing of fuel product.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a material transmission progressive dispersion fuel cell comprises a product reflux area, a fuel supply area, an anode electrode, an exchange membrane, a cathode electrode and a cathode flow field plate which are arranged on a fuel cell body;
the fuel supply region is connected with the product reflux region and the anode electrode, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are separated by an exchange membrane, and the cathode flow field plate is connected with the cathode electrode and the cathode fuel reflux region;
the product reflux area is a flow field plate which is provided with array-shaped fuel discharge branches, fuel recovery flow paths and fuel distribution flow paths; the fuel supply area is a cavity body with a fuel distribution flow path, a tree-shaped fuel supply branch and a cavity except the flow path.
The product reflux area and the fuel supply area comprise a fuel inlet, a fuel distribution flow path, a tree-shaped fuel supply branch, an array-shaped fuel discharge branch, a fuel recovery flow path and a fuel outlet; the fuel inlet is a fuel distribution flow path inlet and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, the tree-shaped fuel supply branch inlet is connected with the fuel distribution flow path, the tree-shaped fuel supply branch outlet is connected with the anode electrode, the array-shaped fuel discharge branch inlet is connected with the anode electrode through the fuel supply region cavity part, the fuel supply region cavity is connected with the anode electrode, the array-shaped fuel discharge branch outlet is connected with the fuel recovery flow path, the fuel outlet is a fuel recovery flow path outlet and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, and the tree-shaped fuel supply branch and the array-shaped fuel discharge branch are pipelines which are not communicated with each other;
the cathode flow field plate is a flat plate provided with a cathode fuel return region.
Further, the fuel inlet is located on the side wall of the product reflux area, the fuel recovery flow path is longitudinally arranged in the product reflux area, the fuel recovery flow path is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, the upper half section and the lower half section are both provided with fuel outlets, and the two fuel outlets are respectively located at the bottom and the top of the product reflux area.
Further, the tree-shaped fuel supply branch is a binary tree-shaped stepwise dispersion flow field, that is, the tree-shaped fuel supply branch can be divided into 4 branches by 1 fuel supply flow path in a 90-degree rotation array, the 4 branches are further divided into 16 branches, and the branches are distributed in a stepwise dispersion manner of 1-4-16.
Further, the array-like fuel discharge branches are distributed in a "4 x 4" array in the product recirculation zone.
Further, the cathode fuel reflux area is a snake-shaped flow field, a parallel flow field, a discontinuous flow field or an interdigital flow field.
Further, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are made of a conductive metal material or a carbon material coated with a corresponding catalyst having a porous structure.
Further, the exchange membrane is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane.
Furthermore, the materials used by the product reflux region, the fuel supply region and the cathode flow field plate are inorganic non-metallic materials, metal composite materials or organic polymer materials.
A working method of a fuel cell with material transmission and gradual dispersion comprises the following steps:
step S100: uniform distribution of fuel into the electrodes:
unreacted fuel of the fuel cell enters the anode side of the fuel cell through a fuel inlet, is uniformly distributed to the tree-shaped fuel supply branches through a fuel distribution flow path under the action of pumping work, and enters an anode electrode; simultaneously, the oxidant enters the cathode electrode through the cathode flow field plate;
step S200: and (3) battery discharge reaction:
the fuel reacts on the surface of the anode electrode;
step S300: the product flows out in parallel:
after the fuel reaction is finished, the fuel flowing in from the outlet of each tree-shaped fuel supply branch flows into the cavity of the fuel supply area through the electrode, further flows out in a downstream mode through the inlets of the array-shaped fuel discharge branches, converges to the fuel recovery flow path, and is discharged through the fuel outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the fuel supply area is a cavity with a fuel distribution flow path, a tree-shaped fuel supply branch and a cavity except the flow path, and the fuel supply area longitudinally flows into a flow field by adopting tree-shaped step-by-step distribution through the fuel distribution flow path and the tree-shaped fuel supply branch, so that the fuel can directly and uniformly enter the surface of the electrode, the fuel reaction degree is improved, and the cell efficiency is improved;
the product reflux area is a flow field plate which is provided with array-distributed array-shaped fuel discharge branches, a fuel recovery flow path and a fuel distribution flow path, and a cavity is reserved around the inflow flow field, so that the fuel directly enters the cavity after entering the electrode to react and further enters the array-distributed longitudinal outflow flow field combined with the inflow flow field in a downstream manner, the inflow and outflow of the fuel realize the downstream flow, the high concentration of the fuel on the surface of the electrode is maintained, and the mixing of the fuel and the product in the flow process is avoided.
Further, the fuel recovery flow path is longitudinally arranged in the product reflux area, the fuel recovery flow path is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, the upper half section and the lower half section are respectively provided with a fuel outlet, the two fuel outlets are respectively positioned at the bottom and the top of the product reflux area, fuel can respectively flow out from the upper half section and the lower half section, the smooth flowing of the fuel is ensured, and the pump work is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the fuel supply area of a fuel cell of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the fuel cell fuel product recirculation zone of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-product reflux zone, 2-fuel supply zone, 3-anode electrode, 4-exchange membrane, 5-cathode electrode, 6-cathode flow field plate, 7-cathode fuel reflux zone, 8-fuel inlet, 9-fuel distribution flow path, 10-tree-shaped fuel supply branch, 11-array-shaped fuel discharge branch, 12-fuel recovery flow path and 13-fuel outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the examples, but without limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the material transport progressive dispersion fuel cell of the present invention comprises a product reflux region 1, a fuel supply region 2, an anode electrode 3, an exchange membrane 4, a cathode electrode 5 and a cathode flow field plate 6, which are disposed on a fuel cell body; wherein the fuel feed zone 2 is connected to the product recirculation zone 1 and to the anode electrode 3, the anode electrode 3 and the cathode electrode 5 are separated by an exchange membrane 4, and the cathode flow field plate 6 is connected to the cathode electrode 5 and to the cathode fuel recirculation zone 7.
The product reflux zone 1 is a flow field plate which is provided with array-shaped fuel discharge branches 11, a fuel recovery flow path 12 and a fuel distribution flow path 9 which are distributed in an array; the fuel supply region 2 is a cavity having a fuel distribution flow path 9, a tree-shaped fuel supply branch 10, and a cavity other than the flow path.
The product reflux zone 1 and the fuel supply zone 2 comprise a fuel inlet 8, a fuel distribution flow path 9, a tree-shaped fuel supply branch 10, an array-shaped fuel discharge branch 11, a fuel recovery flow path 12 and a fuel outlet 13; the fuel inlet 8 is the inlet of the fuel distribution flow path 9 and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, the inlet of the tree-shaped fuel supply branch 10 is connected with the fuel distribution flow path 9, the outlet of the tree-shaped fuel supply branch 10 is connected with the anode electrode 3, the inlet of the array-shaped fuel discharge branch 11 is connected with the anode electrode 3 through the cavity part of the fuel supply area 2, the cavity of the fuel supply area 2 is connected with the anode electrode 3, the outlet of the array-shaped fuel discharge branch 11 is connected with the fuel recovery flow path 12, the fuel outlet 13 is the outlet of the fuel recovery flow path 12 and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, and the tree-shaped fuel supply branch 10 and the array-shaped fuel discharge.
The fuel inlet 8 is positioned on the side wall of the product reflux zone 1, the fuel recovery flow path 12 is longitudinally arranged in the product reflux zone 1, the fuel recovery flow path 12 is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, the upper half section and the lower half section are both provided with fuel outlets 13, and the two fuel outlets 13 are respectively positioned at the bottom and the top of the product reflux zone 1.
The cathode flow field plate 6 is a flat plate provided with a cathode fuel return region 7, and the cathode fuel return region 7 comprises flow field forms such as a snake-shaped flow field, a parallel flow field, a discontinuous flow field, an interdigital flow field and the like.
The tree-shaped fuel supply branch 10 is a binary tree-shaped stepwise dispersion flow field, namely the tree-shaped fuel supply branch can be divided into 4 branches by 1 fuel supply flow path in a 90-degree rotary array, the 4 branches are further divided into 16 branches, and the fuel enters the electrode more uniformly in a 1-4-16 stepwise dispersion mode; the array-like fuel discharge legs 11 are distributed in the product recirculation zone 1 in a "4 x 4" array.
The anode electrode 3 and the cathode electrode 5 are conductive metal materials or carbon materials coated with corresponding catalysts and having porous structures; the exchange membrane 4 is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane.
The materials used for the product reflux zone 1, the fuel supply zone 2 and the cathode flow field plate 6 have mechanical strength required for the fuel cell and corrosion resistance to the fuel used, and include inorganic nonmetallic materials such as graphite, metal composite materials such as stainless steel, and organic polymer materials such as polymethyl methacrylate.
Wherein the fuel is a liquid solution having chemical energy and capable of being converted into electric energy, and comprises CH3OH、CH3CH2OH、CO(NH2)2、NaBH4And HCOONa.
A working method of a fuel cell with material transmission and gradual dispersion comprises the following steps:
step S100: uniform distribution of fuel into the electrodes:
unreacted fuel of the fuel cell enters the anode side of the fuel cell through a fuel inlet 8, is uniformly distributed to tree-shaped fuel supply branches 10 through a fuel distribution flow path 9 under the action of pumping work, and enters the anode electrode 3; simultaneously, the oxidant is actively or passively introduced into the cathode electrode 5 through the cathode flow field plate 6;
step S200: and (3) battery discharge reaction:
taking an acid fuel cell as an example, fuel is oxidized on the surface of the anode electrode 3 to generate protons, electrons are lost and the valence is raised, the lost electrons enter the anode side through the anode electrode 3 through an external circuit, and the protons enter the cathode side through the exchange membrane 4 under the action of an electric field; the electrons reach the surface of the cathode electrode 3 through an external circuit, and the oxidant and the protons undergo a reduction reaction on the surface of the anode to obtain electrons, so that the valence is reduced, and the primary discharge reaction of the battery is realized;
step S300: the product flows out in parallel:
after the fuel reaction is finished, the fuel flowing in from the outlet of each tree-shaped fuel supply branch 10 flows into the cavity of the fuel supply area 2 through the electrode, further flows out downstream through the inlet of the array-shaped fuel discharge branch 11, and further the fuel converges to the fuel recovery flow path 12 with the array-shaped fuel discharge branch 11 and is discharged through the fuel outlet 13.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a novel tree-shaped longitudinal inflow field which is distributed step by step, thereby ensuring that fuel can directly and uniformly enter the surface of the electrode, improving the reaction degree of the fuel and further improving the efficiency of the battery; the cavity is reserved around the inflow flow field, so that the fuel directly enters the cavity after entering the electrode to react, further enters the array distribution longitudinal outflow flow field combined with the inflow flow field downstream, the inflow and outflow of the fuel realize the downstream flow, the high concentration of the fuel on the surface of the electrode is maintained, and the mixing of the fuel and the product in the flowing process is avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A material transmission disperses the fuel cell step by step, characterized by that: comprises a product reflux area (1), a fuel supply area (2), an anode electrode (3), an exchange membrane (4), a cathode electrode (5) and a cathode flow field plate (6) which are arranged on a fuel cell body;
the fuel supply region (2) is connected with the product reflux region (1) and the anode electrode (3), the anode electrode (3) and the cathode electrode (5) are separated by an exchange membrane (4), a cathode flow field plate (6) is connected with the cathode electrode (5), and the cathode flow field plate (6) is a flat plate provided with a cathode fuel reflux region (7);
the product reflux zone (1) is a flow field plate which is provided with arrayed fuel discharge branches (11), a fuel recovery flow path (12) and a fuel distribution flow path (9); the fuel supply area (2) is a cavity body which is provided with a fuel distribution flow path (9), a tree-shaped fuel supply branch (10) and a cavity except the flow path;
the product reflux area (1) and the fuel supply area (2) comprise a fuel inlet (8), a fuel distribution flow path (9), a tree-shaped fuel supply branch (10), an array-shaped fuel discharge branch (11), a fuel recovery flow path (12) and a fuel outlet (13); the fuel inlet (8) is the inlet of the fuel distribution flow path (9) and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, the inlet of the tree-shaped fuel supply branch (10) is connected with the fuel distribution flow path (9), the outlet of the tree-shaped fuel supply branch (10) is connected with the anode electrode (3), the inlet of the array-shaped fuel discharge branch (11) is connected with the anode electrode (3) through the cavity part of the fuel supply region (2), the cavity of the fuel supply region (2) is connected with the anode electrode (3), the outlet of the array-shaped fuel discharge branch (11) is connected with the fuel recovery flow path (12), the fuel outlet (13) is the outlet of the fuel recovery flow path (12) and is connected with the outer side of the fuel cell, and the tree-shaped fuel supply branch (10) and the array-shaped fuel discharge branch (11) are mutually;
the cathode fuel reflux area (7) is a snake-shaped flow field, a parallel flow field, a discontinuous flow field or an interdigital flow field;
the anode electrode (3) and the cathode electrode (5) are conductive metal materials or carbon materials coated with corresponding catalysts and having porous structures.
2. The material transport progressive dispersion fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the fuel inlet (8) is located on the side wall of the product reflux zone (1), the fuel recovery flow path (12) is longitudinally arranged in the product reflux zone (1), the fuel recovery flow path (12) is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, the upper half section and the lower half section are both provided with fuel outlets (13), and the two fuel outlets (13) are respectively located at the bottom and the top of the product reflux zone (1).
3. The material transport progressive dispersion fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the tree-shaped fuel supply branch (10) is a binary tree-shaped stepwise dispersion flow field, the binary tree-shaped stepwise dispersion flow field is divided into 4 branches by 1 fuel supply flow path in a 90-degree rotary array, the 4 branches are further divided into 16 branches, and the two branches are distributed in a 1-4-16 stepwise dispersion mode.
4. The material transport progressive dispersion fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the array-shaped fuel discharge branches (11) are distributed in the product reflux area (1) in a '4 multiplied by 4' array.
5. The material transport progressive dispersion fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the exchange membrane (4) is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a middle exchange membrane.
6. The material transport progressive dispersion fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the product reflux region (1), the fuel supply region (2) and the cathode flow field plate (6) are made of inorganic non-metallic materials, metal composite materials or organic polymer materials.
7. A method of operating a material transport progressive dispersion fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step S100: uniform distribution of fuel into the electrodes:
unreacted fuel of the fuel cell enters the anode side of the fuel cell through a fuel inlet (8), is uniformly distributed to tree-shaped fuel supply branches (10) through a fuel distribution flow path (9) under the action of pumping work, and enters an anode electrode (3); simultaneously, the oxidant enters the cathode electrode (5) through the cathode flow field plate (6);
step S200: and (3) battery discharge reaction:
the fuel reacts on the surface of the anode electrode (3);
step S300: the product flows out in parallel:
after the fuel reaction is finished, the fuel flowing in from the outlet of each tree-shaped fuel supply branch (10) flows into the cavity of the fuel supply area (2) through the electrode, further flows out downstream through the inlet of the array-shaped fuel discharge branch (11), converges to the fuel recovery flow path (12), and is discharged through the fuel outlet (13).
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008062551A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Nec Corporation | Solid polymer fuel cell |
| CN103053057A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2013-04-17 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell |
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| JP2008270146A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-11-06 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell |
| TWI458171B (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2014-10-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Fuel distribution structure and fuel cell having the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008062551A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Nec Corporation | Solid polymer fuel cell |
| CN103053057A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2013-04-17 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell |
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