CN203300747U - Hybrid fuel cell - Google Patents
Hybrid fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN203300747U CN203300747U CN2013201228938U CN201320122893U CN203300747U CN 203300747 U CN203300747 U CN 203300747U CN 2013201228938 U CN2013201228938 U CN 2013201228938U CN 201320122893 U CN201320122893 U CN 201320122893U CN 203300747 U CN203300747 U CN 203300747U
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- fuel cell
- exchange membrane
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- film
- pem
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a hybrid fuel cell. According to different water yields on cathodes and anodes of a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell and an AAEM (Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane) fuel cell, the adjacent PEM fuel cell and AAEM fuel cell are formed into a cycle, and a carbon plate is provided with a snakelike pipeline, so that a fluid drives water to flow between two exchange membranes, and furthermore, water generated by the cathode of a PEM can be used for supplementing the water consumed by the cathode of a AAEM; and likewise, the water generated by the anode of the AAEM can be used for supplementing the water for humidifying the anode of the PEM.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to fuel cell field, more particularly, relates to a kind of novel combined fuel cell, has water management from excellent characteristics by changing.
Background technology
Present proton exchange membrane (Proton Exchange Membrane, PEM) fuel cell can generate water at negative electrode, anode consumption water.Simultaneously because electric osmose pulls (electro-osmotic drag, EOD) effect, the water of segment anode can be dragged to negative electrode, make the water of negative electrode more, the water of anode still less, affect the transmission of reacting fluid thereby cause a large amount of aqueous waters to be deposited in negative electrode, and then affect the operating efficiency of fuel cell.Simultaneously, the imbalance of PEM film negative and positive two-stage water distribution can cause the resistance of film own to increase, and makes local overheating and damages the PEM film, and then affect the operating efficiency of fuel cell.Therefore, water and the outside water of carrying that the PEM membrane cell need to effectively utilize anode to generate, abundant humidification membrane, the aqueous water that simultaneously negative electrode is generated is in time got rid of, and reduces the impact on the reacting fluid transmission.These make the hydro-thermal management of PEM membrane cell become complicated.Present solid-state alkaline anion-exchange membrane (Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane, AAEM) fuel cell is opposite, and the water of anode is more, and the water of negative electrode still less.The imbalance of AAEM film negative and positive two-stage water distribution also can cause the problem same with the PEM film, thereby affects the operating efficiency of fuel cell.The hydro-thermal management can become complicated too, as shown in Figure 1.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of novel combined fuel cell.This fuel cell can take full advantage of the characteristics that PEM film negative electrode water is many and AAEM film anode water is many, and the water complementation that two kinds of films produce is filled, thus the water distribution that makes film two-stage balance comparatively, and then hydro-thermal is managed become simple.
Technical purpose of the present utility model is achieved by following technical proposals:
A kind of combined fuel battery, comprise composite membrane, gasket seal, carbon plate, conductive plate, heat-resistant insulating board and fastener, wherein:
Conductive plate, heat-resistant insulating board and fastener can be selected the common used material of fuel cell field, and described conductive plate is arranged on the outside of carbon plate, are used for collecting electric current and external output current on carbon plate; Described insulation refractory plate is arranged on the outside of conductive plate, is used for making fastener and conductive plate insulation, prevents electric leakage; But the surface covering insulating material of described fastener, to prevent that fastener from contacting with carbon plate and leaking electricity, perhaps directly adopt the fastener of insulating material preparation, described fastener is used for each part of connection and fastening fuel cell, selects bolt/nut.
be inlaid with proton exchange membrane (Proton Exchange Membrane in described composite membrane, PEM) and alkaline anion-exchange membrane (Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane, AAEM), each alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) all form a fuel cell and being interspersed independently separately, react, and the anode of two kinds of exchange membranes is positioned at a side of composite membrane, negative electrode is positioned at the opposite side of composite membrane, so, the water that alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) anode generates can supplement proton exchange membrane (PEM) anode, the water that proton exchange membrane (PEM) negative electrode generates supplements alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) negative electrode, the body of composite membrane plays the effect of insulation and sealing, prevent PEM film and the electrolytical leakage of AAEM film.
The body of described composite membrane is selected polyester film.
The reaction active area of described proton exchange membrane and alkaline anion-exchange membrane is than being 2:1.
The quantity of described proton exchange membrane and the quantity of alkaline anion-exchange membrane equate, generate supplementing of water to form electrode reaction, for example 1 AAEM and 1 PEM form, 2 AEM and 2 PEM form, 3 AEM and 3 PEM, the size of fuel cell is suitably selected the quantity of exchange membrane, and can design according to both ratios of reaction active area.
For realizing this function, be provided with on carbon plate and the corresponding serpentine flow path of alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) fuel cell and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell position, while guaranteeing that fluid alternately starts to flow into the runner of carbon plate through PEM film and AAEM film and fluid, anode one side at composite membrane will first be passed through the AAEM film, pass through again the PEM film, pass through again the AAEM film, then pass through the PEM film; Negative electrode one side at composite membrane will first be passed through the PEM film, then passes through the AAEM film, then passes through the PEM film, then passes through the AAEM film.At the outer conduit that is arranged with sealing rubber ring of whole serpentine flow path, built-in sealing rubber ring; The serpentine flow path of the correspondence between adjacent film communicates, and utilizes the conduit be provided with sealing rubber ring to cut apart, on carbon plate on the distribution of serpentine flow path and composite membrane the position distribution of exchange membrane corresponding.
Described serpentine flow path directly processes on the carbon plate surface by machining process with the conduit that is provided with sealing rubber ring, for example etching.
The described effect that is arranged on the sealing rubber ring on carbon plate is the leakage that prevents fluid in runner (for example water of fuel, gas and electrode reaction generation), described sealing rubber ring periphery is placed with gasket seal, described gasket seal covers the carbon plate surface except serpentine flow path, is used for further sealing with the carbon plate that prevents the composite membrane both sides and contacting and cause short circuit.The serpentine flow path on described composite membrane and carbon plate surface contacts.
After being assembled into fuel cell, when carrying out work, anode and negative electrode both sides at composite membrane, fluid enters serpentine flow path with certain speed through entrance, and enter diffusion layer (Gas Diffusion Layer, GDL) and Catalytic Layer (Catalyst Layer, CL), finally enter film and electrochemical reaction occurs and produce H
2O, electric energy and heat energy.The electric energy that produces and electric energy are derived by CL, GDL, carbon plate and pole plate, the H of generation
2O arrives in runner through CL and GDL, then by fluid, from the many parts of water, is taken to the few part of water, thereby reaches the effect of water management self-optimizing.
Described fluid is selected fuel, for example methyl alcohol, hydrogen in anode one side; Select oxygen or air in negative electrode one side.The speed of described two side liquids is selected constant speed, perhaps according to chemical reaction, measures than adjusting.
Compared with prior art, the technical solution of the utility model is used PEM film and AAEM film together, and the identical electrode of PEM film and AAEM film is placed on the same face.Manage by hydro-thermal, this new fuel cell film can utilize the water of PEM film negative electrode generation to supplement the water of AAEM cathode consumption, can utilize equally the generation water of AAEM film anode to supplement the required water of PEM film anode humidification.The utility model can directly use exchange membrane of the prior art and corresponding assembly thereof to carry out self-chambering (conductive plate, bolt, heat-resistant insulating board) taking into full account on the basis of prior art (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and solid-state alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cells), and have following advantage: (1) is compared with the AAEM membrane cell with the PEM membrane cell and has been realized comparatively simple hydro-thermal management, characteristics with water management liberalization, be more suitable for passive type fuel cell and micro fuel cell; (2) compare with the PEM membrane cell, the use of valuable catalyst is few, discharges lowly, and chemical reaction rate is fast, and power density is high, starts rapidly, and practical to hydrogen alternative fuel (as methyl alcohol, ethanol, dimethyl ether), corrosion resistance is high; (3) compare with the AAEM membrane cell, carbon dioxide adaptability is high, and power stage is high, and resistance is little, and durability is high; (4) need not to produce new fuel cell membranes, simple in structure, easy to process and cost is lower.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is PEM film and AAEM membrane cell operation principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is novel combined operation of fuel cells principle schematic of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the composite membrane of novel combined fuel cell of the present utility model; Wherein, 1 is alkaline anionic membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer, and 2 is proton exchange membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer, and 3 is alkaline anionic membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer, and 4 is proton exchange membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer, and 5 is polyester film.
Fig. 4 is the generalized section of the composite membrane of novel combined fuel cell of the present utility model, wherein 5 is polyester film, 6 is the alkaline anion-exchange membrane negative electrode, 7 is the alkaline anion-exchange membrane anode, and 8 is the proton exchange membrane negative electrode, and 9 is the proton exchange membrane anode, 10 is diffusion layer, 11 is Catalytic Layer, and 12 is alkaline anionic membrane, and 13 is proton exchange membrane.
Fig. 5 is the carbon plate structural representation of novel combined fuel cell of the present utility model, and wherein A and B are respectively the import and export of fluid, and 14 is the serpentine flow path groove, and 15 is the caulking gum groove.
Fig. 6 is novel combined fuel cell seal gasket construction schematic diagram of the present utility model, and wherein 16 is gasket seal.
Fig. 7 is novel combined fuel cell conductive plate structural representation of the present utility model, and wherein 17 is conductive plate.
Fig. 8 is novel combined fuel cell insulation refractory plate structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 9 is novel combined fuel cell package assembly schematic diagram of the present utility model, and wherein 16 is gasket seal, and 17 is conductive plate, and 18 is heat-resistant insulating board, and 19 is nut, and 20 is carbon plate, and 21 is bolt, and 22 is composite membrane.
Figure 10 is for utilizing the technical solution of the utility model to record the fuel cell polarization curve, and wherein the fuel cell of PEM film is used separately in the A representative, and the fuel cell of AAEM film is used separately in the B representative, and C represents this novel combined fuel cell.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the technical solution of the utility model below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The technical solution of the utility model is the improvement of PEM membrane cell and AAEM membrane cell, utilizes the difference of two kinds of fuel cells in each self-generating water yield of anode and cathode, adjacent PEM membrane cell and AAEM membrane cell is formed circulation, as shown in Figure 3.Composite membrane, take polyester film 5 as main body, is provided with PEM film 2 fuel cells and AAEM film 1 fuel cell on it, be that both are interspersed, and plays the effect of insulation and sealing with polyester film 5, prevents PEM film 2 and the electrolytical leakage of AAEM film 1.From shown in Figure 4, when the PEM film of fuel cell and AAEM film are set on polyester film, the anode 9 of the anode 7 of alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) fuel cell and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is arranged on simultaneously a side of composite membrane, the negative electrode of two kinds of fuel cells 6 and 8 is arranged on simultaneously the opposite side of composite membrane.Each alkaline anion-exchange membrane 1(AAEM) and proton exchange membrane 2(PEM) all form a fuel cell independently separately, react, be positioned at a side of composite membrane due to the anode of two kinds of fuel cells, negative electrode is positioned at the opposite side of composite membrane, so, the water that alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) anode 7 generates can supplement proton exchange membrane (PEM) anode 9, and the water that proton exchange membrane (PEM) negative electrode 8 generates supplements alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) negative electrode 6.
For realizing this function, as shown in Figure 5, be provided with on carbon plate and the corresponding serpentine flow path 14 of alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) fuel cell and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell position, while guaranteeing that fluid alternately starts to flow into the runner of carbon plate through PEM film and AAEM film and fluid, anode one side at composite membrane will first be passed through the AAEM film, pass through again the PEM film, then pass through the AAEM film, then pass through the PEM film; Negative electrode one side at composite membrane will first be passed through the PEM film, then passes through the AAEM film, then passes through the PEM film, then passes through the AAEM film, and namely at carbon anode plate, A is import, and B is outlet; At the negative electrode carbon plate, B is import, and A is outlet.At the outer conduit 15 that is arranged with sealing rubber ring of whole serpentine flow path 14, built-in sealing rubber ring; The serpentine flow path 14 of the correspondence between adjacent film communicates, and utilizes the conduit 15 be provided with sealing rubber ring to cut apart, on carbon plate on the distribution of serpentine flow path 14 and composite membrane the position distribution of exchange membrane corresponding.Specifically, take four exchange membranes as example, alkaline anionic membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer 1, alkaline anionic membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer 3, proton exchange membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer 2, proton exchange membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer 4, be divided into four parts by the conduit that is provided with sealing rubber ring with serpentine flow path, adapt with the position with above-mentioned four exchange membranes, from the fluid motion direction, in anode one side, by 1 to 2, again by 2 to 3, finally by 3 to 4; In negative electrode one side, by 4 to 3, then by 3 to 2, finally by 2 to 1.
The described effect that is arranged on the sealing rubber ring on carbon plate 20 is the leakage that prevents fluid in runner (for example water of fuel, gas and electrode reaction generation), described sealing rubber ring periphery is placed with gasket seal 16, described gasket seal covers carbon plate 20 surfaces except serpentine flow path, is used for further sealing with the carbon plate 20 that prevents the composite membrane both sides and contacting and cause short circuit.The serpentine flow path 14 on described composite membrane 5 and carbon plate 20 surfaces contacts.
The outside of carbon plate 20 is placed with conductive plate 17, and as shown in Figure 7, the effect of conductive plate 17 is electric current and external output currents of collecting on carbon plate to its shape.The outside of conductive plate 17 is placed with insulation refractory plate 18, and as shown in Figure 8, the effect of insulation refractory plate 18 is to make bolt 21 and conductive plate insulation 17 to its shape, prevents bolt 21 electric leakages.The surface coverage insulating material of bolt 21, the effect of surface coverage insulating material is to prevent that bolt 21 from contacting with carbon plate 20, conductive plate 17 and leak electricity or directly adopt the bolt 21 of insulating material preparation, according to mode shown in accompanying drawing 9, above-mentioned parts are assembled finally, use bolt 21/ nut 19 that each part is fixed and steps up, wherein carbon plate 20, conductive plate 17, heat-resistant insulating board 18 can be selected the common materials of fuel cell field.
After being assembled into fuel cell, when carrying out work, anode and negative electrode both sides at composite membrane, fluid enters serpentine flow path 14 with certain speed through entrance, and enter diffusion layer (Gas Diffusion Layer, GDL) and Catalytic Layer (Catalyst Layer, CL), finally enter film and electrochemical reaction occurs and produce H
2O, electric energy and heat energy.The electric energy that produces and electric energy are derived by CL, GDL, carbon plate and pole plate, the H of generation
2O arrives in runner through CL and GDL, then by fluid, from the many parts of water, is taken to the few part of water, thereby reaches the effect of water management self-optimizing.
Be below specific embodiment of the utility model:
The present embodiment, take methyl alcohol as fuel,, to the fuel cell of independent use PEM film, uses separately the fuel cell of AAEM film and novel combined fuel cell of the present utility model to test respectively.In this novel combined fuel cell, select the structure shown in accompanying drawing 3-5, select respectively two exchange membranes to form composite fuel cell, alkaline anionic membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer 1, alkaline anionic membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer 3, proton exchange membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer 2, proton exchange membrane and Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer 4.The PEM membrane portions adopts
Film, anode catalyst adopts the carbon back platinum-ruthenium alloys, and cathod catalyst adopts carbon back platinum, and the overall reaction active area is 8.167cm
2The AAEM membrane portions adopts the A201 film, its thickness make and
Film is identical, and anode catalyst adopts carbon back platinum, and cathod catalyst adopts carbon back platinum, and the overall reaction active area is 4.083cm
2PEM film and AAEM film overall reaction active area are than being 2:1, and Catalytic Layer and the diffusion layer of AAEM film and PEM film are porous media material.
Measured operating mode: temperature 333K, pressure: 2atm, anode methyl alcohol delivery rate and concentration: 5ml/min and 1mol/L.Cathode air delivery rate: 150ml/min, namely methyl alcohol is as the fluid of anode, and air, as the fluid of negative electrode, passes into from the snake pipe import of anode one side and negative electrode one side respectively.
Can find out the performance of this novel combined fuel cell and use separately the PEM membrane cell, use the AAEM membrane cell very approaching separately by recording accompanying drawing 10 as a result; In the situation that high current density output, namely current density is between 0.18A/cm
2And 0.26A/cm
2The time, the performance of this novel combined fuel cell is better than other two kinds of fuel cells.
The present embodiment has been tested, under different current densities, (use respectively methyl alcohol and hydrogen as anode fluid, take air as cathode fluid) while with methyl alcohol and hydrogen, acting as a fuel, use separately the PEM membrane cell, anode needs the water yield of humidification and the water yield that negative electrode need to be drained; Use separately the AAEM membrane cell, negative electrode needs corresponding part in the water yield of humidification and the water yield that anode need to be drained and this novel combined fuel cell to need the water yield of humidification and the water yield of draining.
During take methyl alcohol as fuel, data are as follows:
The tested fuel cell of table 1 needs the water yield (g/s) of humidification
The water yield (g/s) that the tested fuel cell of table 2 need to be drained
Can find out from above data, this novel combined fuel cell itself needs humidification hardly, has simplified the external equipment of fuel cell, makes this novel combined fuel cell be more suitable for miniature and passive type fuel cell; In this novel combined fuel cell, the discharge reduction that corresponding PEM film cathode portion need to be drained is nearly 84%, and corresponding AAEM film anode part needs draining hardly, makes this novel combined fuel cell basically solve the water logging problem of fuel cell.
During take hydrogen as fuel, data are as follows:
The tested fuel cell of table 3 needs the water yield (g/s) of humidification
The water yield (g/s) that the tested fuel cell of table 4 need to be drained
Can find out from above data, this novel combined fuel cell itself needs humidification hardly, has simplified the external equipment of fuel cell, makes this novel combined fuel cell be more suitable for miniature and passive type fuel cell; In this novel combined fuel cell, the discharge reduction nearly 84% that corresponding PEM film cathode portion need to be drained, the discharge reduction that corresponding AAEM film anode part need to be drained is nearly 91%, makes this novel combined fuel cell basically solve the water logging problem of fuel cell.Therefore, this novel combined fuel cell can be realized the self-optimizing of water management.
Above the utility model has been done exemplary description; should be noted that; in the situation that do not break away from core of the present utility model, the replacement that is equal to that any simple distortion, modification or other those skilled in the art can not spend creative work all falls into protection range of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. a combined fuel battery, comprise composite membrane, gasket seal, carbon plate, conductive plate, heat-resistant insulating board and fastener, it is characterized in that,
Be inlaid with the proton exchange membrane and the alkaline anion-exchange membrane that are interspersed in described composite membrane, the anode of described two kinds of exchange membranes is positioned at a side of composite membrane, and negative electrode is positioned at the opposite side of composite membrane;
Be provided with on described carbon plate and alkaline anion-exchange membrane and the corresponding serpentine flow path of proton exchange film location, the outer conduit that is arranged with sealing rubber ring in whole serpentine flow path, built-in sealing rubber ring, the serpentine flow path of the correspondence between adjacent film communicates, on described carbon plate on the distribution of serpentine flow path and composite membrane the position distribution of exchange membrane corresponding.
2. a kind of combined fuel battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described gasket seal covers the carbon plate surface except serpentine flow path, and the serpentine flow path on described composite membrane and carbon plate surface contacts.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of combined fuel batteries, it is characterized in that, described composite membrane body is polyester film.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of combined fuel batteries, it is characterized in that, the quantity of described proton exchange membrane and the quantity of alkaline anion-exchange membrane equate.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of combined fuel batteries, it is characterized in that, the reaction active area of described proton exchange membrane and alkaline anion-exchange membrane is than being 2:1.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of combined fuel batteries, it is characterized in that, described conductive plate is arranged on the outside of carbon plate; Described insulation refractory plate is arranged on the outside of conductive plate; The surface coverage insulating material of described fastener or the fastener that directly adopts insulating material to prepare.
7. a kind of combined fuel battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described fastener is screw bolt and nut.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013201228938U CN203300747U (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2013-03-18 | Hybrid fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013201228938U CN203300747U (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2013-03-18 | Hybrid fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203300747U true CN203300747U (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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ID=49576735
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013201228938U Expired - Fee Related CN203300747U (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2013-03-18 | Hybrid fuel cell |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106042953A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-26 | 博源燃料电池(上海)有限公司 | Energy bag based on fuel batteries and lithium batteries |
| CN107919484A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-04-17 | 太原理工大学 | Direct borohydride fuel cell that is a kind of while handling organic wastewater |
-
2013
- 2013-03-18 CN CN2013201228938U patent/CN203300747U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106042953A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-26 | 博源燃料电池(上海)有限公司 | Energy bag based on fuel batteries and lithium batteries |
| CN107919484A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-04-17 | 太原理工大学 | Direct borohydride fuel cell that is a kind of while handling organic wastewater |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131120 Termination date: 20160318 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |