CN105900928A - 一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方 - Google Patents

一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方 Download PDF

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CN105900928A
CN105900928A CN201610242270.2A CN201610242270A CN105900928A CN 105900928 A CN105900928 A CN 105900928A CN 201610242270 A CN201610242270 A CN 201610242270A CN 105900928 A CN105900928 A CN 105900928A
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韩安木
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Abstract

本发明属于特种经济动物养殖领域，具体公开了一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方，按照重量份数计，包括黄土20‑25份，草木灰50‑60份，蚯蚓粉10‑15份、甘草2‑4份、百部1‑2份，川椒0.6‑0.8份，川芎0.6‑1份，苦参1‑2份，黄柏0.6‑0.8份，益母草0.4‑1份，野菊花0.6‑0.9份，忍冬藤0.2‑0.5份，蝉蜕0.5‑1份，地肤子1‑1.3份，当归0.2‑0.5份。该配方可以杀灭土元身上的螨虫，抑制螨虫在土元饲养土中繁殖。

Description

一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方
技术领域
本发明涉及特种经济动物养殖领域，具体涉及一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方。
背景技术
土元含挥发油、氨基酸、蛋白质、糖类、脂肪、甾族化合物、酚类、有机酸及生物碱.亦含铁、锰、锌、铜等8种人体必需微量元素。土元能抑制肝癌、胃癌等细胞的生长，能改善和增强体内主要器官、组织及全身的血液供应，具有很高的药用价值。
对饲养土选择的好坏，直接影响着土元的生长发育。如饲养上选择得不适宜，会使土元得病或招致螨虫等敌害。为了使饲养土疏松、肥沃，传统做法是在饲养土中加入适量的谷壳、火烧灰、木屑或发酵过的马粪牛粪，以及豆壳、河泥等。
这种传统的做法虽然使饲养土变得疏松、肥沃，但是马粪牛粪等动物粪便往往容易滋生细菌、螨虫，引发土元的病害。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方，该配方可以杀灭土元身上的螨虫，抑制螨虫在土元饲养土中繁殖。
为达到上述目的，本发明的基础方案为：一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方，按照重量份数计，包括黄土20-25份，草木灰50-60份，蚯蚓粉10-15份、甘草2-4份、百部1-2份，川椒0.6-0.8份，川芎0.6-1份，苦参1-2份，黄柏0.6-0.8份，益母草0.4-1份，野菊花0.6-0.9份，忍冬藤0.2-0.5份，蝉蜕0.5-1份，地肤子1-1.3份，当归0.2-0.5份。
黄土是黄色粉砂质土状堆积物，粒径在0.005～0.05毫米，黄土颗粒之间结合不紧密，孔隙度一般在40％～50％。这种疏松的结构非常适合土元生活和繁殖。
草木灰是植物(草本和木本植物)燃烧后的残余物。草木灰可做肥料，因其为植物燃烧后的灰烬，所以是凡植物所含的矿质元素，草木灰中几乎都含有。草木灰也是农村广泛应用的消毒剂原料，具有很强的杀灭病原菌及病毒的作用，其效果与常用的强效消毒药烧碱相似。草木灰具消毒作用强、无任何副作用、无刺激性等特点。
蚯蚓粉的气味对土元有吸引作用，能够引诱土元向饲养土深处爬行。由于螨虫主要是在饲养土表面，所以在饲养土深处活动可以减少螨虫对其的危害。
甘草对动植物由于真菌、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、螨虫等引发的病虫害有治疗作用。百部具有杀虫灭虱的功效。川椒可以杀虫止痒，不仅杀灭螨虫，而且对土元由螨虫引起的瘙痒有一定的治疗作用。川芎有抗菌作用：对大肠、痢疾(宋内氏)、变形、绿脓、伤寒、副伤寒杆菌及霍乱弧菌和致病性皮肤真菌等有抑制作用；另外川芎还具有活血行气，祛风止痛的功效，对土元有一定的治疗作用。苦参具有清热燥湿，杀虫、止痒的功效，可以杀灭螨虫，对土元也有一定的治疗作用。黄柏的功效是清热解毒、清除燥湿，对饲养土的环境有消湿的作用，可以从环境方面抑制螨虫的滋生。益母草为妇科用药，饲养的土元绝大多数为雌性，所以添加益母草是为了增强雌性土元的体质，提高自身抵制螨虫的危害的能力。野菊花具有清热解毒，疏风散热，散瘀，杀灭孑孓及蝇蛆的功效；另外对夏季蚊虫叮咬后的红肿脓包具有杀菌去肿的作用，对土元有一定的治疗作用。忍冬藤内含抗菌有效成分以绿原酸、异氯酸和木犀草苷为主，对畜禽的多种至病的病菌、病毒有抑制作用，在动物饲养过程中若能添加一定剂量的忍冬藤粉煲水，对预防和治疗动物的温病发热、风热感冒、咽喉炎症、肺炎、痢疾、肿溃疡、丹毒、蜂窝组织炎等症均有相当好的作用；所以饲养土中添加忍冬藤可以抑制有害菌的增殖，对土元也有一定的治疗作用。蝉蜕具有疏散风热的功效，对改善饲养土环境有一定的作用。地肤子清热利湿，祛风止痒，对土元有一定的治疗作用。当归具有补血养血、提高免疫力和抗菌的作用，对提高土元体质、增强抗病能力具有积极的意义。
该方案的有益效果为：一是优化了黄土与草木灰的配比，使饲养土更加疏松多孔并且增加草木灰比重，提高了饲养土的抑菌能力；二是添加蚯蚓粉，引诱土元向深层饲养土爬行，拓展了饲养空间，并减小了饲养土表面的螨虫对土元的伤害；三是添加了中药，这些中药粉混合在饲养土中，起到抑螨、治疗、提高土元抵抗力、改善饲养土环境的功效。
优化方案一：作为对基础方案的优化：按照重量份数计，还包括蛇床子2-2.5份、五倍子0.5-1份、大黄0.1-0.2份。蛇床子具有祛燥除湿，祛风，杀虫的作用，既可以杀灭螨虫，又可以改善饲养土的环境；在优化方案中添加蛇床子，进一步提高了饲养土杀螨的效果。五倍子主治痈肿疮毒、皮肤湿烂等症；另外对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒和副伤寒杆菌等均有明显的抑菌和杀菌作用；添加五倍子可以抑制饲养土中治病菌的繁殖，同时对土元有一定的治疗作用。大黄具有攻积滞、清湿热、泻火、凉血、祛瘀、解毒等功效，对土元有一定的治疗作用。
优化方案二：作为对优化方案一的优化：按照重量份数计，包括黄土20份，草木灰50份，蚯蚓粉10份、甘草2份、百部1份，川椒0.6份，川芎0.6份，苦参1份，黄柏0.6份，益母草0.4份，野菊花0.6份，忍冬藤0.2份，蝉蜕0.5份，地肤子1份，当归0.2份，蛇床子2份、五倍子0.1份、大黄0.1份。采用该配方能有效抑制饲养土中螨虫的生长，增加土元的产量。
优化方案三：作为对优化方案二的优化：按照重量份数计，包括黄土25份，草木灰60份，蚯蚓粉15份、甘草4份、百部2份，川椒0.8份，川芎1份，苦参2份，黄柏0.8份，益母草1份，野菊花0.9份，忍冬藤0.5份，蝉蜕1份，地肤子1.3份，当归0.5份。采用该配方也能有效抑制饲养土中螨虫的生长，增加土元的产量。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
实验地在重庆市开县安木土元养殖场。
实验方法：在阴凉的室内，选用同样规格的内壁光滑的瓦盆4个，表面积约0.25m2，盆高度约0.4m，一半埋入地下。缸中放置20厘米厚的饲养土，每缸中放入500只带有螨虫的成虫。出了饲养土不同，其他条件相同：每天18:30投喂饲料一次，剩余的饲料及时清除；温度控制在25℃左右；空气湿度在75％左右；实验进行三个月。
4个瓦盆的饲养土的配方如下：
第一个对照组：使用传统的饲养土配制方法：按照重量份数计为：黄土70份，草木灰30份，谷壳2份，木屑2份，发酵过的牛粪1份，豆壳3份。
第二组为实验I组：按照重量份数计为：黄土22份，草木灰55份，蚯蚓粉13份、甘草3份、百部1.5份，川椒0.7份，川芎0.8份，苦参1.5份，黄柏0.7份，益母草0.6份，野菊花0.7份，忍冬藤0.4份，蝉蜕0.8份，地肤子1.2份，当归0.3份。
第三组为实验II组：按照重量份数计为：黄土20份，草木灰50份，蚯蚓粉10份、甘草2份、百部1份，川椒0.6份，川芎0.6份，苦参1份，黄柏0.6份，益母草0.4份，野菊花0.6份，忍冬藤0.2份，蝉蜕0.5份，地肤子1份，当归0.2份，蛇床子2份、五倍子0.1份、大黄0.1份。
第四组为实验III组：按照重量份数计，包括黄土25份，草木灰60份，蚯蚓粉15份、甘草4份、百部2份，川椒0.8份，川芎1份，苦参2份，黄柏0.8份，益母草1份，野菊花0.9份，忍冬藤0.5份，蝉蜕1份，地肤子1.3份，当归0.5份。
以上各组中的中药材均打成粉后，与黄土、草木灰和蚯蚓粉混合均匀，然后饲养土元。
实验结果如下：
实验结果分析：
由此可见，实验I组、实验II组和实验III组可以杀灭寄生在土元上的螨虫，抑制螨虫在饲养土中的繁殖；相比对照组中的现有技术，具有显著的进步。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例，方案中公知的使用方法及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的前提下，还可以作出若干改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围，这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准，说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。

Claims (4)

1.一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方，其特征在于：按照重量份数计，包括黄土20-25份，草木灰50-60份，蚯蚓粉10-15份、甘草2-4份、百部1-2份，川椒0.6-0.8份，川芎0.6-1份，苦参1-2份，黄柏0.6-0.8份，益母草0.4-1份，野菊花0.6-0.9份，忍冬藤0.2-0.5份，蝉蜕0.5-1份，地肤子1-1.3份，当归0.2-0.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方，其特征在于：按照重量份数计，还包括蛇床子2-2.5份、五倍子0.5-1份、大黄0.1-0.2份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方，其特征在于：按照重量份数计，包括黄土20份，草木灰50份，蚯蚓粉10份、甘草2份、百部1份，川椒0.6份，川芎0.6份，苦参1份，黄柏0.6份，益母草0.4份，野菊花0.6份，忍冬藤0.2份，蝉蜕0.5份，地肤子1份，当归0.2份，蛇床子2份、五倍子0.1份、大黄0.1份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种防治螨虫的土元饲养土配方，其特征在于：按照重量份数计，包括黄土25份，草木灰60份，蚯蚓粉15份、甘草4份、百部2份，川椒0.8份，川芎1份，苦参2份，黄柏0.8份，益母草1份，野菊花0.9份，忍冬藤0.5份，蝉蜕1份，地肤子1.3份，当归0.5份。
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