CN106034605A - 一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法 - Google Patents

一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法 Download PDF

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CN106034605A
CN106034605A CN201610367183.XA CN201610367183A CN106034605A CN 106034605 A CN106034605 A CN 106034605A CN 201610367183 A CN201610367183 A CN 201610367183A CN 106034605 A CN106034605 A CN 106034605A
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韦海奇
梁军
欧丽萍
叶靖平
周瑜
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Anhui Yangzi Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,包括田七叶发黄预防方法及田七叶出现发黄后处理方法;田七叶发黄预防方法分两个步骤:土壤改良、种植后的护理;土壤改良通过加入动物粪便、秸秆、黄连药渣、丹皮药渣、夹竹桃堆堆沤而成的药渣有机肥,不仅增加土壤肥力,而且能有效消灭及抑制土壤的有害病菌;田七种植后通过在地面施用由竹叶、透骨草、夹竹桃、水、生根粉、乙酸铜、噁霉灵组成的杀菌调节物,进一步抑制潮湿环境下病菌的滋生;如田七叶子出现发黄可以喷洒生根粉、芸苔素内脂、细胞分裂素、苯醚甲环唑杀菌剂、消菌灵进行调节治疗。本发明方法通过综合治理方式高效预防治理田七叶子发黄,具有良好防治效果及经济效益。

Description

一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及植物种植技术领域,具体是一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法。
【背景技术】
田七,又名三七,为伞形目五加科植物,主要分布于云南、广西、江西、四川等地。田七是以植物田七的根部作为药用部分,具有散瘀止血,消肿定痛之功效,主治咯血,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,外伤出血,胸腹刺痛,跌仆肿痛,具有“金不换”、“南国神草”之美誉。
田七长期生长在荫蔽潮湿的环境下,各种病害的发生非常严重,而且常常是混合或者复合侵染,田七前期生长正常,六月份后部分叶子开始发黄,茎变空、变干。主要原因为田七患田七黄锈病、田七根结线虫病、田七根腐病,而且患以上病害会导致田七不长新根。
田七根腐病:又名“鸡屎烂”、“绿臭”,是真菌中一种半知菌,危害根部,受害根部黑褐色逐渐软腐呈灰白色浆汁状,有腥臭味。出苗前,芽子腐烂,呈现黄褐色,俗称“梧头烂”。根部受害后,病斑呈褐色,维管束变褐,此时地上部叶片萎蔫下垂。随着病情的发展,根皮腐烂,心部软腐,最后只残存根皮及纤维状物,地上部枯萎死亡。主要发生于种苗移栽田,在出苗期间引起芽腐。该病在二、三年田七整个生长期间都有发生,一般在芦头与芽基结合处出现褐色水渍状病变,继而呈角状向上蔓延,造成茎杆基部腐烂中空。病害发生初期在晴天中午很容易发现,植株地上部分表现为急性萎蔫,即叶片呈绿色萎蔫披垂。在发病部位可以看到白色菌脓,闻有臭味。真菌性根腐:田七真菌性根腐由于引起的病原种类不同,表现症状也不同。
黄锈病土名“黄腻”、“黄疱症”,病原物为人参夏孢锈菌,属担子菌亚门,锈菌目。主要危害叶片,叶上病处初呈针尖突起的小黄点,扩大呈圆形或放射状,边缘不整齐,病菌孢子堆破裂后散失黄粉。植株茎叶长满锈斑;可在幼芽、茎、花轴、果等部位发生;受害严重的,叶片脱落,花萎黄枯死,落果等。病菌在病残枝叶和根茎芽(羊肠头)上潜存越冬。带菌种苗也是病害的侵染来源。次年早春2~3月,病菌侵染新抽生叶的叶背,导致叶片卷缩,变黄,枯萎脱落。产生的夏孢子通过风雨传播,成为株间再次侵染的菌源,4月后陆续出现夏孢子堆,扩展至叶面,7~8月锈病为害加剧,孢子堆亦大,造成第二次落叶高峰。
田七根结线虫病称南方根结线虫,病原线虫雌雄异形,幼虫呈细长蠕虫状。雄成虫线状,尾端稍圆,无色透明,大小1.0一1.5×0.03一0.04(mm)。雌成虫梨形,每头雌线虫可产卵300一800粒,雌虫多埋藏于寄主组织内,大小0.44—1.59×0.26—0.81(mm)。药用植物田七根部被线虫侵入后,根部的细胞受到线虫刺激后,产生大小不等的瘤结状虫瘦,主根或侧根均可产生畸变后而形成瘤,染病时间较长以后,植株的枝叶变黄或脱落;感染根结线虫的田七植株地上部发黄,矮化,重病株枯死。
针对以上田七病变导致叶子发黄如不采用相关方式进行处置田七株苗死亡率高达95%,而传统往往采用单一的化学生物药剂进行防治,但是的化学药剂单一的处理方式无益于田间病害问题的解决,无法解决混合或者复合侵染,反而会增强病菌的抗药性。
【发明内容】
鉴于以上内容,有必要提供一种能够长期有效解决田七叶子发黄的综合防控方法,本发明提供一种药剂组合结合植物源抑菌制剂的施用进行防治田七发生病变,该方法从源头入手注重防治,不仅能有效防控田七田间种植病害的发生,并且能有效促进田七生长,增强田七对病害抵抗力。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,包括田七叶发黄预防方法及田七叶发黄处理方法,田七叶发黄预防方法又包括以下两个步骤:土壤改良、种植后的护理;
(1)土壤改良:选择土地疏松、地势平坦的土壤,深翻土壤20-25cm,在已经平整的土壤施用药渣有机肥,上述药渣有机肥重量份数原料混合堆沤而成:100-150份动物粪便、50-100份秸秆、20-30份黄连药渣、10-15份丹皮药渣、1-2份夹竹桃;
(2)种植后的护理:田七种植后每隔半年施用一次药渣有机肥,同时在地面施用杀菌调节物,上述杀菌调节物以下重量份数原料混合而成,300-400份竹叶、200-250份透骨草、15-25份夹竹桃、100-200份水、1-2份生根粉、1-2份乙酸铜、1-2份噁霉灵。
进一步的如田七叶发黄,处理方法为:每隔3-5天向叶面喷洒调节混合液,调节混合液分为A液、B液,调节混合液A液与调节混合液B液轮流交替使用3-4次;上述调节混合液A液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:20-25份生根粉、20-25份芸苔素内脂、20-25份细胞分裂素、10-18份苯醚甲环唑杀菌剂、15000-20000份水;上述调节混合液B液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:20-25份生根粉、20-25份芸苔素内脂、20-25份氨基酸、20-25消菌灵、15000-20000份水。
进一步的调节混合液按200-300kg/亩的量施用。
进一步的杀菌调节物制备方法为:取竹叶、透骨草、夹竹桃分别晒干后混合粉碎得到植物粉碎混合物,生根粉、乙酸铜、噁霉灵混合加水溶解稀释后喷洒到植物粉碎混合物即可得到杀菌调节物。
进一步的杀菌调节物按300-400kg/亩的量施用。
进一步的药渣有机肥制备方法为:取动物粪便、秸秆、夹竹桃混合堆沤1个月再加入黄连药渣、丹皮药渣继续堆沤2个月即可得到药渣有机肥。
进一步的药渣有机肥按2500-4000kg/亩的量施用。
药渣有机肥中动物粪便、秸秆含有作物所必需的营养元素N、P、K、Ca、s、多种糖类、氨基酸,能为土壤提供全面营养成分,而且肥效长,可增加和更新土壤有机质,促进微生物繁殖,改善土壤的理化性质和生物活性;黄连药渣具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒作用,有清热燥湿,泻火解毒功能,常用于用于湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,泻痢,黄疸,高热神昏,心火亢盛,心烦不寐,血热吐衄,目赤,牙痛,消渴,痈肿疔疮;外治湿疹,湿疮,耳道流脓,丹皮药渣具有抗炎、抑菌抗凝作用,功能主治清热凉血;活血散瘀。温热病热入血分;发斑;吐衄;热泪盈眶病菌后期热伏阴分发热;阴虚骨蒸潮热;血滞经闭;痛经;痈肿疮毒;跌扑伤痛;风湿热痹;夹竹桃是最毒的植物之一,包含了多种毒素,有些甚至是致命的。它的毒性极高,曾有小量致命或差点致命的报告,在夹竹桃的各个部份都可以找到这些毒素,在树液中浓度最高,在皮肤上可以造成痳痹,科学家相信夹竹桃内仍有很多未知的有害物质;这几种原料相互协同配合能为土壤提供全面营养成分,而且肥效长,有效防治土壤中各种病菌,预防田七种植后发生病变,产生意料不到的效果。
杀菌调节物中透骨草中医认为透骨草有祛风胜湿、活血止痛的功效与作用,根含透骨草素(phrymarolin)及透骨草醇乙酸酯(leptostachyol acetate),透骨草醇乙酸酯为杀虫成分,民间用全草煎水消灭蝇蛆和菜青虫。乙酸铜由铜、氧化铜或碳酸铜与乙酸作用而得。用途:用作杀虫剂、杀菌剂、有机反应催化剂以及瓷器颜料等。噁霉灵是一种内吸性杀菌剂和植物生长调节剂。高效、低毒,对各种植物真菌病害,如镰刀菌、苗腐菌、腐霉菌、丝核菌、根壳菌、雪微菌等均有显著的防治效果。竹叶含生物碱、氨基酸、有机酸、酚类化合物和鞣质、皂甙、还原糖、蛋白质、多糖与甙类、蒽醌、香豆精和萜类内酯化合物、甾体和叶绿素。具有抑菌杀菌作用,常用于食品添加剂用于防腐保鲜。通过杀菌调节物有效成分互相作用可以有效防治田七在潮湿环境下容易滋生病菌问题。
调节混合液中调节液一方面通过调节植物内激素的含量和酶的活性,强度增强植物活力和抗性,有效缓解作物遭受的虫害、病害;另一方面通过调节液中有效的杀菌成分对病菌进行防治,调节液中各个成分具有互相协调增效作用。调节混合液A液与调节混合液B液交替使用能互相协调互补促进、增强药效作用。
本发明有益效果:
1.本发明采用药物有机肥方式对土壤进行改良,药物有机肥各个要素通过堆沤相互协同配合不仅能长期给田七生长提供充足肥力,而且药物有机肥还能杀灭及抑制土壤的有害病菌,有效降低病菌虫害的发生,对防治田七黄锈病、根结线虫病、根腐病效果良好,从而预防田七叶子发黄。
2.在地面施用杀菌调节物可以有效防治田七在潮湿环境下容易滋生病菌问题,通过土壤改良及地面施用杀菌调节物的方式,综合防治田七放生病变导致叶子发黄,田七黄锈病、根结线虫病、根腐病综合发病率仅为6-8%。
3.如田七发病叶子变黄还可以采用喷洒调节混合液方式,调节混合液通过各个要素的协同配合能产生更好效果;一方面对病菌进行有效杀灭,一方面通过促进田七增强生机,促进植物不定根或不定芽的形成,调节植物代谢强度,达到提高田七抗性的目的,采用该方式最终能治愈70%叶子变黄的田七。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,包括田七叶发黄预防方法及田七叶发黄处理方法,田七叶发黄预防方法又包括以下两个步骤:土壤改良、种植后的护理;
(1)土壤改良:选择土地疏松、地势平坦的土壤,深翻土壤20cm,在已经平整的土壤按2500kg/亩的量施用药渣有机肥,药渣有机肥通过以下方式堆沤而成:取重量份100份动物粪便、50份秸秆、1份夹竹桃混合堆沤1个月再加入重量份20份黄连药渣、10份丹皮药渣继续堆沤2个月即可得到药渣有机肥;
(2)种植后的护理:田七种植后每隔半年按2500kg/亩的量施用药渣有机肥,同时在地面按300kg/亩的量施用杀菌调节物;上述杀菌调节物通过以下方式制作而成,取重量份300份竹叶、200份透骨草、15份夹竹桃晒干后混合粉碎得到植物粉碎混合物,再取重量份1份生根粉、1份乙酸铜、1份噁霉灵、100份水混合后喷洒到植物粉碎混合物即可得到杀菌调节物。
如田七叶子发黄,处理方法为:每隔3天向叶面按200kg/亩的量喷洒调节混合液,调节混合液分为A液、B液,调节混合液A液与调节混合液B液轮流交替使用3次;上述调节混合液A液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:20份生根粉、20份芸苔素内脂、20份细胞分裂素、10份苯醚甲环唑杀菌剂、15000份水;上述调节混合液B液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:20份生根粉、20份芸苔素内脂、20份氨基酸、20消菌灵、15000份水。
实施例2
一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,包括田七叶发黄预防方法及田七叶发黄处理方法,田七叶发黄预防方法又包括以下两个步骤:土壤改良、种植后的护理;
(1)土壤改良:选择土地疏松、地势平坦的土壤,深翻土壤25cm,在已经平整的土壤按4000kg/亩的量施用药渣有机肥,药渣有机肥通过以下方式堆沤而成:取重量份150份动物粪便、100份秸秆、2份夹竹桃混合堆沤1个月再加入重量份30份黄连药渣、15份丹皮药渣继续堆沤2个月即可得到药渣有机肥;
(2)种植后的护理:田七种植后每隔半年按4000kg/亩的量施用药渣有机肥,同时在地面按400kg/亩的量施用杀菌调节物;上述杀菌调节物通过以下方式制作而成,取重量份400份竹叶、250份透骨草、25份夹竹桃晒干后混合粉碎得到植物粉碎混合物,再取重量份2份生根粉、2份乙酸铜、2份噁霉灵、200份水混合后喷洒到植物粉碎混合物即可得到杀菌调节物。
如田七叶子发黄,处理方法为:每隔5天向叶面按300kg/亩的量喷洒调节混合液,调节混合液分为A液、B液,调节混合液A液与调节混合液B液轮流交替使用4次;上述调节混合液A液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:25份生根粉、25份芸苔素内脂、25份细胞分裂素、18份苯醚甲环唑杀菌剂、20000份水;上述调节混合液B液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:25份生根粉、25份芸苔素内脂、25份氨基酸、25消菌灵、20000份水。
实施例3
一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,包括田七叶发黄预防方法及田七叶发黄处理方法,田七叶发黄预防方法又包括以下两个步骤:土壤改良、种植后的护理;
(1)土壤改良:选择土地疏松、地势平坦的土壤,深翻土壤25cm,在已经平整的土壤按3000kg/亩的量施用药渣有机肥,药渣有机肥通过以下方式堆沤而成:取重量份150份动物粪便、100份秸秆、2份夹竹桃混合堆沤1个月再加入重量份30份黄连药渣、15份丹皮药渣继续堆沤2个月即可得到药渣有机肥;
(2)种植后的护理:田七种植后每隔半年按3000kg/亩的量施用药渣有机肥,同时在地面按350kg/亩的量施用杀菌调节物;上述杀菌调节物通过以下方式制作而成,取重量份350份竹叶、230份透骨草、20份夹竹桃晒干后混合粉碎得到植物粉碎混合物,再取重量份2份生根粉、1份乙酸铜、2份噁霉灵、150份水混合后喷洒到植物粉碎混合物即可得到杀菌调节物。
如田七叶子发黄,处理方法为:每隔4天向叶面按250kg/亩的量喷洒调节混合液,调节混合液分为A液、B液,调节混合液A液与调节混合液B液轮流交替使用4次;上述调节混合液A液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:22份生根粉、22份芸苔素内脂、23份细胞分裂素、15份苯醚甲环唑杀菌剂、18000份水;上述调节混合液B液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:22份生根粉、22份芸苔素内脂、23份氨基酸、23消菌灵、18000份水。
为了验证本发明田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法效果,采用以下不同的方式进行种植,以地块(每个地块面积2x10m)为单位,于收获前调查田七叶子发黄发生率及成活率,地块1、地块2和地块3所采用传统的种植方法及传统药剂处理方式,是采用《农村实用技术》2010年12期记载的《三七的种植栽培与病虫害防治》方法种植。
表1不同种植方式田七叶子发黄发生率
地块 种植方式 叶子发黄率% 叶子发黄处理方式 叶子发黄成活率%
1 传统种植方法 41.3% 实施例3方式 55.2%
2 本发明实施例3预防方法 7.8% 实施例3方式 75.3%
3 传统种植方法 44.3% 传统药剂处理方式 38.7%
4 本发明实施例3预防方法 7.2% 传统药剂处理方式 47.6%
从表1中可以看出,采用本发明方式预防田七叶子发黄具有重要显著效果,同时采用本发明种植的田七具有更强的病菌抵抗率,叶片发黄后在相同的处理方式下成活率更高;采用本发明方式处置田七叶发黄相比较传统方式有更好的效果;本发明田七叶子发黄预防方式及处理方式具有相辅相成的效果,在使用本发明的田七叶子发黄预防方式下使用本发明的田七叶子发黄处理方式最有显著效果。
该注意的是,上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制,并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例均应属于本发明所涵盖专利。

Claims (7)

1.一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,包括田七叶发黄预防方法及田七叶发黄处理方法,田七叶发黄预防方法又包括以下两个步骤:土壤改良、种植后的护理,其特征在于:
(1)土壤改良:选择土地疏松、地势平坦的土壤,深翻土壤20-25cm,在已经平整的土壤施用药渣有机肥,上述药渣有机肥由以下重量份数原料混合堆沤而成:100-150份动物粪便、50-100份秸秆、20-30份黄连药渣、10-15份丹皮药渣、1-2份夹竹桃;
(2)种植后的护理:田七种植后每隔半年施用一次药渣有机肥,同时在地面施用杀菌调节物,上述杀菌调节物由以下重量份数原料混合而成:300-400份竹叶、200-250份透骨草、15-25份夹竹桃、100-200份水、1-2份生根粉、1-2份乙酸铜、1-2份噁霉灵。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,其特征在于所述田七叶发黄处理方法为:每隔3-5天向叶面喷洒调节混合液,调节混合液分为A液、B液,调节混合液A液与调节混合液B液轮流交替使用3-4次;上述调节混合液A液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:20-25份生根粉、20-25份芸苔素内脂、20-25份细胞分裂素、10-18份苯醚甲环唑杀菌剂、15000-20000份水;上述调节混合液B液由以下重量份数原料混合而成:20-25份生根粉、20-25份芸苔素内脂、20-25份氨基酸、20-25份消菌灵、15000-20000份水。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,其特征在于:调节混合液按200-300kg/亩的量施用。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,其特征在于杀菌调节物制备方法为:取竹叶、透骨草、夹竹桃分别晒干后混合粉碎得到植物粉碎混合物,生根粉、乙酸铜、噁霉灵混合加水溶解稀释后喷洒到植物粉碎混合物即可得到杀菌调节物。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,其特征在于杀菌调节物按300-400kg/亩的量施用。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,其特征在于药渣有机肥制备方法为:取动物粪便、秸秆、夹竹桃混合堆沤1个月再加入黄连药渣、丹皮药渣继续堆沤2个月即可得到药渣有机肥。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述一种田七叶子发黄的防控处理方法,其特征在于药渣有机肥按2500-4000kg/亩的量施用。
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