CN105891760A - Digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self correcting method - Google Patents
Digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self correcting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105891760A CN105891760A CN201610331684.2A CN201610331684A CN105891760A CN 105891760 A CN105891760 A CN 105891760A CN 201610331684 A CN201610331684 A CN 201610331684A CN 105891760 A CN105891760 A CN 105891760A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self correcting method. According to the digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self correcting method, bias voltage is adopted as an internal calibration source; the bias voltage is decreased and increased through adjustment; the relative distance of the average values of data acquired when the bias voltage is decreased and increased is obtained; the standard value of the relative distance is calculated; the relative distance is compared with the standard value of the relative distance, so that a gain adjustment value can be obtained through calculation; a gain adjustment device is adjusted; the bias voltage is reset, and data are acquired, the relative distance is calculated again; and the above process is repeated until the relative distance is in the error range of the standard value, and at this moment, correction of vertical sensitivity under a current channel is completed. According to the digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self correcting method of the invention, the average values of the data acquired when the bias voltage is decreased and increased are obtained, and the relative distance of the average values is calculated, and therefore, the adjustment quantity of gain is calculated, so that the gain can be adjusted, and the vertical sensitivity self correction of a digital oscilloscope can be realized, and manpower resources can be saved, and man-made factors can be avoided, and correction accuracy and correction efficiency can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital oscilloscope alignment technique field, more specifically, relate to the oscillography of a kind of numeral
Device vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method.
Background technology
For digital oscilloscope, traditional vertical sensitivity bearing calibration is manual correction, in passage coupling side
Under the conditions of formula is AC coupled, the square-wave signal of one 1kHz of input, according to working as under each vertical sensitivity
Front vertical sensitivity (YID) arranges the range value Vpp=YID*6 of input square-wave signal, even if input letter
Number amplitude under current vertical sensitivity, account for waveform viewing area vertical direction 6 lattice (div).Judged by naked eyes
Whether input signal amplitude accounts for 6div in waveform viewing area vertical direction, otherwise adjusts gain and makes input signal
Amplitude reaches requirement.Each vertical sensitivity under each passage is required for being repeated according to above-mentioned method
Correction.The inferior position of conventional correction methods includes following five aspects:
When 1. using the humidity of environment, temperature to change, affect the precision of components and parts, cause gain error not reach
Mark, now manual correction again;
2. the square-wave signal of input different range value is needed during manual correction, when subscriber equipment is the most complete, without letter
During number source, correction is caused to implement;
3. whether manual correction has 6div according to the amplitude being observation input signal, then require input signal
The precision of amplitude is the highest, i.e. requires that signal source precision is high, to reduce signal source precision to vertical sensitivity
The impact of correction accuracy;
4. manual correction is artificially to observe judgement, and error is big, and precision is low, and the longest, and complexity is high;
Even if 5. use the different amplitude of automatically output square-wave signal and automatically collection judge whether signal reaches mesh
The semi-automatic correction method of scale value, its precision is slightly above manual correction, but automatically changes output waveform, needs
Extra equipment is wanted to support, the further requirement self-contained property of user, limit to the use of this function
Condition.
It can be seen that conventional correction methods requires that extras support, being easily affected by human factors, precision is low,
And process is complicated, time-consuming laborious again, efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity
Automatic correcting method, with bias voltage for internal calibrations source, calculates increasing by the relative quantity of twice bias voltage
Benefit regulated quantity carries out vertical sensitivity regulation, to realize digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self-correcting.
For achieving the above object, digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention includes following
Step:
S1: initialize oscillograph, arranging digital oscilloscope needs the passage of correction, arranges the coupling side of passage
Formula be dc-couple, triggering coupled modes be dc-couple, acquisition mode be average sample, vertical sensitivity
For the maximum in vertical sensitivity scope;
S2: bias voltage V is setoffset1=-K1* YID, wherein YID represents current vertical sensitivity, K1Table
Show default normal number, K1Span be 0 < K1< D/2, D represent waveform viewing area vertical direction
Div number;It is calculated the current mean value V gathering data quantized valuead1;
S3: be once again set up bias voltage Voffset2=K2* YID, K2Represent the normal number preset, K2Value model
Enclosing is 0 < K2< D/2;It is calculated the current mean value V gathering data quantized valuead2;
S4: calculate the relative distance Δ V=V of the mean value gathering data when bias voltage is set for twicead2-Vad1;
S5: calculate relative distance standard value Δ Vst=(K1+K2) * YdotsPerDiv, wherein YdotsPerDiv represents
Quantized value number representated by each div in the vertical direction of waveform viewing area;
S6: if Δ V ∈ [Δ Vst-δ,ΔVst+ δ], the correction of current vertical sensitivity terminates, and enters step S8,
Otherwise enter step S7;
S7: calculating gain adjustment value Amplifier:
Amplifier=20lg (Δ Vst/ΔV)
The regulated quantity of Gain Adjusting Device is calculated, if there is regulated quantity, then according to gain adjustment value Amplifier
Gain Adjusting Device is adjusted, returns step S2, if Gain Adjusting Device does not exist regulated quantity, enter
Enter step S8;
S8: terminate if all vertical sensitivities all correct, this channel correcting terminates, and otherwise switches to next
Vertical sensitivity, returns step S2.
Digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention, using bias voltage as internal calibrations source,
Bias voltage carries out lower mediation respectively raise, the mean value of collection data when trying to achieve twice bias voltage
Relative distance, then calculates the standard value of relative distance, compares relative distance and relative distance standard value, meter
Calculation obtains gain adjustment value, is adjusted Gain Adjusting Device, resets bias voltage and gathers data,
Calculate relative distance, until relative distance within standard value error range, then this is the sensitiveest under current channel
The correction of degree terminates.The mean value of the collection data when present invention is by arranging bias voltage for twice, calculates it
Relative distance, thus calculate the regulated quantity of gain to carry out the regulation of gain, it is achieved digital oscilloscope is the cleverest
Sensitivity self-correcting, thus save human resources, there is not human factor, improve correction accuracy, improve correction
Efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is analog channel vertical conditioning module topology example figure in digital oscilloscope;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described, in order to those skilled in the art
It is more fully understood that the present invention.Requiring particular attention is that, in the following description, when known function and
Perhaps, when the detailed description of design can desalinate the main contents of the present invention, these are described in and will be left in the basket here.
In order to technical scheme is better described, first to digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self-correcting
The most simply introduce.
It is representative that the vertical sensitivity of digital oscilloscope refers to unit display length (lattice) in vertical direction
Magnitude of voltage (V/div), vertical sensitivity self-correcting essence is to be corrected gain in passage, makes tested letter
Number precision of range value read reaches technical requirement.Digital oscilloscope is under different vertical sensitivity
Gain is different, and required gain is completed jointly by multiple modules.Table 1 is that digital oscilloscope is each
The example of gain needed for individual gear.
Vertical sensitivity | The signal of input time all over the screen | ADC input voltage | Required gain |
1mV/div | 10mVPP | 500mVPP | 34dB |
5mV/div | 50mVPP | 500mVPP | 20dB |
50mV/div | 500mVPP | 500mVPP | 0dB |
100mV/div | 1VPP | 500mVPP | -6dB |
5V/div | 50VPP | 500mVPP | -40dB |
Table 1
The vertical conditioning module of analog channel is one of main modular of digital oscilloscope, and its concrete structure is according to number
The oscillographic design of word is different and different.Fig. 1 is the vertical conditioning module of analog channel in digital oscilloscope
Topology example figure.As it is shown in figure 1, in digital oscilloscope the vertical conditioning module of analog channel include slightly decaying/straight
Open network 1, impedance transformer network 2, digital step attenuator (DSA, Digital Step Attenuator) 3,
Fixed gain amplifier 4, ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter, analog-digital converter) driver 5,
ADC6.Thick decay/straight-forward network 1, according to the difference of hardware design, does not carry out any process under straight-through gear,
At decay gear then according to the multiple that different impedance conditions decay is fixing.Digital step attenuator 3 is controlled
Gain attenuator, it is possible to achieve continuously adjusting of signal amplitude, it is ensured that the accuracy of signal amplitude.Fixing increasing
Benefit amplifier 4 realizes gain and fixes enlarging function.By digital step attenuator 3 and fixed gain amplifier 4
Cascade, constitutes gain-adjusted network and realizes variable gain amplification.In order to ensure under all vertical sensitivities
Gain all meets the ADC requirement to incoming signal level, the maximum attenuation amount of digital step attenuator 3, solid
Gain and the internal gain provided of ADC6 of determining gain amplifier 4 must Proper Matchs.Therefore the present embodiment
Middle Gain Adjusting Device is digital step attenuator and ADC, and gain adjustment amount is digital step attenuator
Attenuation and the internal gain of ADC.In actual applications, can come according to the concrete structure of digital oscilloscope
Select Gain Adjusting Device, an independent regulation can be selected, it is also possible to select multiple being combined to regulate.
Under each vertical sensitivity, the vertical conditioning module of analog channel leads directly to, decays or gain amplifier,
Fixed when hardware design completes, and yield value also fixed, switch vertical sensitivity time these
Work completes the most simultaneously.Vertical sensitivity correction simply needs to finely tune gain makes amplitude measurement error reach skill
Art index.The present invention does not use external input signal when vertical sensitivity self-correcting, utilizes biasing
Voltage, as internal calibrations source, realizes gain self-correcting by algorithm, makes amplitude measurement error reach technology and refers to
Mark, and vertical sensitivity self-correcting does not relies on external equipment.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention.As in figure 2 it is shown,
Digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S201: initialization digital oscilloscope:
Arranging digital oscilloscope and need the passage of correction, the coupled modes arranging passage are dc-couple, triggering
Coupled modes be dc-couple, acquisition mode be average sample, vertical sensitivity is in vertical sensitivity scope
Maximum.In the present embodiment, average time is 16 times, time base gear be the fastest oscillographic real-time sampling shelves.
S202: gather after lowering bias voltage:
Regulation bias voltage Voffset1=-K1* YID, wherein YID represents current vertical sensitivity, K1Represent pre-
If normal number, namely make signal waveform be positioned at the positive constant value of lower section of viewing area zero point level, generation
Div number in table oscilloscope display region vertical direction.Then the current mean value gathering data it is calculated
Vad1。
When bias voltage is beyond the vertical direction of the waveform display area of digital oscilloscope, just exceed ADC
Quantizing range, then for the precision corrected, bias voltage must not be beyond the vertical direction of waveform display area
Scope.As a example by the waveform viewing area vertical direction of digital oscilloscope is divided into 8div, then K1Maximum can not
More than 4, in order to ensure the precision of correction, K1Maximum typically can not get 4.Therefore the present invention arranges K1
Span be 0 < K1< D/2, D represent the div number of waveform viewing area vertical direction.In general, K1
The slightly bigger meeting of value be conducive to correction accuracy, and work as K1The acceptance of the bid of step S204 is may consequently contribute to during round numbers
The accurate calculating of quasi-value, the most preferably takes closest with D/2 and less than D/2 integer, therefore sets in the present embodiment
Put K1=3.
S203: gather after raising bias voltage:
Regulation bias voltage Voffset2=K2* YID, namely makes signal waveform be positioned at the upper of viewing area zero point level
Side.Then the current mean value V gathering data it is calculatedad2.Similarly, K2Span be
0 < K2< D/2, also represent the div number in the vertical direction of waveform display area, K equally1And K2Value can
With identical, it is also possible to different, K2It is preferably also and takes closest with D/2 and less than D/2 integer, in the present embodiment
K is set equally2=3.
S204: the relative distance of acquired data values when calculating twice bias voltage:
Calculate the relative distance Δ V=V gathering statistical average when bias voltage is set for twicead2-Vad1, should
Relative distance represents the quantized value number between twice collection statistical average.
Understand according to Δ V definition, when Δ V is to arrange bias voltage for twice, gather the relative quantity between data, theoretical
On have (K1+K2) div quantized value, therefore this programme uses relative error bearing calibration, has broken away from base
The line impact on bias voltage, thereby may be ensured that the precision of vertical sensitivity.
S205: calculating relative distance standard value:
Relative distance Δ V owing to calculating in step S204 is the difference gathering quantized value, say, that its knot
Fruit is the number of quantized value, therefore relative distance standard value Δ V in intervalstIt is also required to the number of quantized value as list
Position, represents (the K of waveform viewing area vertical direction1+K2) number of representative in theory for div quantized value, can
Know Δ Vst=(K1+K2) * YdotsPerDiv, wherein YdotsPerDiv represents each in the vertical direction of waveform viewing area
Quantized value number representated by div.Such as, 8bit ADC, its quantized value has 256, is mapped to waveform and shows
The quantized value showing district's vertical direction is 200, is divided into the 8div corresponding with waveform viewing area vertical direction,
Then corresponding 25 quantized values of every div.So work as K1=3, K2When=3, relative distance standard value Δ Vst=150.
S206: judge whether Δ V ∈ [Δ Vst-δ,ΔVst+ δ], δ represents that default tolerance is counted, and i.e. allows
Error range, its value can be configured according to the design accuracy of technical requirement.If
ΔV∈[ΔVst-δ,ΔVst+ δ], illustrate that the current vertical sensitivity accuracy of digital oscilloscope has reached requirement, should
Vertical sensitivity correction terminates, and enters step S208, otherwise enters step S207.
S207: gain-adjusted:
The present invention assuming, the regulation stepping of coarse adjustment and fine tuning is all that unit is carried out with decibel (dB), because of
This is when calculating gain adjustment value Amplifier, also in units of dB, and the calculating of gain adjustment value Amplifier
Formula is:
Amplifier=20lg (Δ Vst/ΔV)
The regulated quantity of Gain Adjusting Device is calculated, if there is regulated quantity, then according to gain adjustment value Amplifier
Gain Adjusting Device is adjusted, returns step S202, if there is not regulated quantity in Gain Adjusting Device,
Enter step S208.In general all there is regulation step-length in Gain Adjusting Device, therefore will according to regulated value and
Regulation step-length calculates regulated quantity, when gain adjustment value is less than regulation step-length, then cannot realize regulation, i.e.
There is not regulated quantity.Obviously, Δ V > Δ VstTime, Amplifier < 0, need to increase attenuation or reduction is put
Big multiple;As Δ V < Δ VstTime, Amplifier > 0, need reduce attenuation or improve multiplication factor.
In the present embodiment, Gain Adjusting Device selects digital step attenuator and ADC, the regulation of gain is divided into
Coarse adjustment and fine tuning, the coarse adjustment of gain is the digital step attenuator in the regulation vertical conditioning module of analog channel,
The fine tuning of gain is to adjust the internal gain provided of ADC6.Inside digital step attenuator and/or ADC
The regulation of gain, can regulate simultaneously, it is also possible to the most only one device of regulation, its specific algorithm can root
Arrange according to needs, the present embodiment use the method directly calculating regulated quantity realize, by coarse adjustment and
Both fine tunings combine and make vertical sensitivity precision higher.Its method particularly includes:
CalculateWherein step_coarse represents coarse adjustment stepping, i.e. numeral stepping
The regulation stepping of attenuator, in units of dB,Represent and round downwards.If a ≠ 0, illustrate now may be used
To use coarse adjustment, then arrange the attenuation coarse=coarse-a × step_coarse of digital step attenuator,
Coarse > 0.As a > 0, i.e., during Amplifier > 0, attenuation coarse diminishes, and i.e. reduces declining of attenuator
Decrement, coarse adjustment amount is | a × step_coarse |;Otherwise as a < 0, increase the attenuation of attenuator, coarse adjustment amount
For | a × step_coarse |.Return again to step S202 judge.
If a=0, then explanation can not carry out coarse adjustment, it may be necessary to carries out fine tuning, then calculatesStep_fine represents the gain-adjusted stepping of fine tuning stepping, i.e. ADC, with
DB is unit.If b ≠ 0, illustrate now can use fine tuning, then the internal gain of ADC is set
Fine=fine+b × step_fine, wherein fine ∈ [finemin,finemax], finemin< 0, finemax> 0.This
Being because ADC internal gain can be can also to be just negative, when gain is for, time negative, being equivalent to be decayed.
Obviously, when for decay (i.e. fine < 0), its regulation is similar with the regulation of the attenuation of digital step attenuator,
I.e. as b > 0, the value of internal gain fine increases, and is equivalent to reduce attenuation, and fine tuning amount is | b × step_fine |,
Otherwise as b < 0, the value of internal gain fine reduces, and is equivalent to increase attenuation, and fine tuning amount is
|b×step_fine|.When ADC is for amplifying (i.e. fine > 0), as b > 0, increase internal gain fine,
Multiplication factor increases, and fine tuning amount is | b × step_fine |, otherwise as b < 0, reduces internal gain fine,
Multiplication factor reduces, and fine tuning amount is | b × step_fine |.Return again to step S202 judge.If b=0, then
Now the most there is not regulated quantity in digital step attenuator and ADC, then enter step S208.According in ADC
The regulation of portion's gain understands, during regulation, it is possible to can realize the switching of ADC working method, i.e. fine
Positive and negative switching, namely from amplification be converted to decay, or from decay be converted to amplify.
According to above regulation algorithm it can be seen that this regulation algorithm first uses coarse adjustment, coarse adjustment completes or can not be thick
Timing carries out fine tuning again.This is because the regulation stepping of coarse adjustment is generally higher than the regulation stepping of fine tuning, the most slightly
Just carrying out fine tuning when tune does not reaches required precision, the little step-by-step adjustment of fine tuning makes vertical sensitivity precision higher,
Adopt and can make correction more efficiently in this way.During regulation, if running into extreme case, numeral
The attenuation of step attenuator and ADC internal gain have had been adjusted to limiting value and still can not reach to correct to want
Ask, at this time can only terminate correction.But in general, when Digital Oscilloscope Design, its gain deviation
Not too large, also can reserve enough correction surpluses, only there is fault in digital oscilloscope internal circuit,
It is possible to that this extreme case occurs, and the present invention is directed normal digital oscilloscope the sensitiveest
Degree self-correcting, does not takes into account this extreme case.
Below as a example by an object lesson, illustrate that the regulation algorithm proposed in the present embodiment specifically performs
Process.Assume attenuation coarse=20dB of Contemporary Digital step attenuator, ADC internal gain
Fine=-0.02dB, step_coarse=0.25dB, step_fine=0.017dB.As Δ Vst/ Δ V=1.04, can
To be calculated Amplifier ≈ 0.34dB, then a=1, the now attenuation of digital step attenuator
Coarse=20-1 × 0.25=19.75dB, returns and is once again set up bias voltage, obtains twice bias voltage and adjusts
Relative distance, recalculate Amplifier, it is assumed that now Δ Vst/ Δ V=0.993, can be calculated
Amplifier ≈-0.06dB, then a=0, therefore calculates b=-3, the now internal gain of ADC
Fine=-0.02+3 × 0.017=-0.031dB.Return is once again set up bias voltage, and the most calculated Δ V exists
ΔV∈[ΔVst-δ,ΔVst+ δ] in, then vertical sensitivity correction terminates.
S208: judge whether that all vertical sensitivities all correct and terminate, if it is, this channel correcting terminates,
Otherwise enter step S209.
S209: switch to next vertical sensitivity, returns step S202.
The present invention calculates the yield value obtaining needing to adjust, the decay to digital step attenuator by formula
The internal gain of amount and/or ADC is adjusted.Above-mentioned flow process is under a passage under all vertical sensitivities
Correcting process, when digital oscilloscope more than one passage, needs to be corrected each passage respectively, i.e.
Carry out step S201 respectively to the trimming process of step S209.
Vertical sensitivity self-correcting is set up on bias voltage basis by the present invention, using bias voltage as one
Individual internal calibrations source, is the basis of whole self-calibration process.The relative quantity using twice biasing judges that gain is
No reach required precision, more directly calculate the variable quantity needing to adjust, reduce regulation number of times repeatedly, carry
High vertical sensitivity self-correcting efficiency.Table 1 is the contrast of the present invention and vertical sensitivity manual correction.
Table 2
As known from Table 2, software program can be write according to the present invention to control to adjust, it is to avoid artificial adjustment
The problems such as loaded down with trivial details and precision is low, save substantial amounts of manpower and time, improve precision, simplify and corrected
Journey.Need not extra equipment support, be greatly expanded the use environment of this function.
Although detailed description of the invention illustrative to the present invention is described above, in order to the art
Artisans understand that the present invention, it should be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the scope of detailed description of the invention, right
From the point of view of those skilled in the art, as long as various change limits in appended claim and determines
The spirit and scope of the present invention in, these changes are apparent from, all utilize present inventive concept send out
Bright creation is all at the row of protection.
Claims (3)
1. a digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1: initialize oscillograph, arranging digital oscilloscope needs the passage of correction, arranges the coupling side of passage
Formula be dc-couple, triggering coupled modes be dc-couple, acquisition mode be average sample, vertical sensitivity
For the maximum in vertical sensitivity scope;
S2: bias voltage V is setoffset1=-K1* YID, wherein YID represents current vertical sensitivity, K1Table
Show default normal number, K1Span be 0 < K1< D/2, D represent waveform viewing area vertical direction
Lattice (div) number;It is calculated the current mean value V gathering data quantized valuead1;
S3: be once again set up bias voltage Voffset2=K2* YID, K2Span be 0 < K2< D/2;Calculate
Currently gathered the mean value V of data quantized valuead2;
S4: calculate the relative distance Δ V=V of the mean value gathering data when bias voltage is set for twicead2-Vad1;
S5: calculate relative distance standard value Δ Vst=(K1+K2) * YdotsPerDiv, wherein YdotsPerDiv represents
Quantized value number representated by each div in the vertical direction of waveform viewing area;
S6: if Δ V ∈ [Δ Vst-δ,ΔVst+ δ], the correction of this vertical sensitivity terminates, and enters step S8, no
Then enter step S7;
S7: calculating gain adjustment value Amplifier:
Amplifier=20lg (Δ Vst/ΔV)
The regulated quantity of Gain Adjusting Device is calculated, if there is regulated quantity, then according to gain adjustment value Amplifier
Gain Adjusting Device is adjusted, returns step S2, if Gain Adjusting Device does not exist regulated quantity, enter
Enter step S8;
S8: terminate if all vertical sensitivities all correct, this channel correcting terminates, and otherwise switches to next
Vertical sensitivity, returns step S2.
Vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described parameter
K1And K2Equal to closest with D/2 and less than D/2 integer.
Vertical sensitive automatic correcting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step S7
In Gain Adjusting Device is included that digital step attenuator and ADC, its control method are:
CalculateWherein step_coarse represents the regulation of digital step attenuator
Stepping,Represent and round downwards;If a ≠ 0, the attenuation of digital step attenuator is set
Coarse=coarse-a × step_coarse;If a=0, calculatestep_fine
Represent the gain adjuster step of ADC;If b ≠ 0, the internal gain of ADC is set
Fine=fine+b × step_fine, wherein fine ∈ [finemin,finemax], finemin< 0, finemax> 0;As
Really b=0, then now digital step attenuator and ADC the most do not exist regulated quantity.
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CN112904258A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-04 | 优利德科技(中国)股份有限公司 | Multi-stage bias correction method and device based on dynamic target value evaluation |
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