CN105891760B - Digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method - Google Patents

Digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method Download PDF

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CN105891760B
CN105891760B CN201610331684.2A CN201610331684A CN105891760B CN 105891760 B CN105891760 B CN 105891760B CN 201610331684 A CN201610331684 A CN 201610331684A CN 105891760 B CN105891760 B CN 105891760B
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gain
value
fine
bias voltage
relative distance
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CN105891760A (en
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曾浩
赵佳
邱渡裕
杨扩军
张沁川
赵勇
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • G01R35/005Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R13/00Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms
    • G01R13/02Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms for displaying measured electric variables in digital form

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting methods, using bias voltage as internal calibrations source, lower reconcile is carried out to bias voltage respectively to raise, the relative distance of the average value of gathered data when acquiring bias voltage twice, then the standard value of relative distance is calculated, compare relative distance and relative distance standard value, gain adjustment value is calculated, Gain Adjusting Device is adjusted, reset bias voltage and gathered data, calculate relative distance, until relative distance, then the correction of the vertical sensitivity terminates under current channel within standard value error range.The average value that the present invention passes through gathered data when setting bias voltage twice, calculate its relative distance, the adjusting of gain is carried out so as to calculate the regulated quantity of gain, realize digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self-correcting, so as to save human resources, there is no human factors, improve correction accuracy, improve correction efficiency.

Description

Digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital oscilloscope alignment technique fields, more specifically, it is vertical to be related to a kind of digital oscilloscope Sensitivity automatic correcting method.
Background technology
For digital oscilloscope, traditional vertical sensitivity bearing calibration is manual correction, in channel coupled modes to hand over It flows under coupling condition, the square-wave signal of a 1kHz is inputted, according to current vertical sensitivity under each vertical sensitivity (YID) the range value Vpp=YID*6 of setting input square-wave signal, even if the amplitude of input signal is under current vertical sensitivity Account for 6 lattice (div) of waveform viewing area vertical direction.Judge input signal amplitude whether in waveform viewing area vertical direction by naked eyes 6div is accounted for, otherwise adjust gain makes the amplitude of input signal reach requirement.Each vertical sensitivity under each channel is required for It is repeated in correcting according to above-mentioned method.The disadvantage of conventional correction methods includes following five aspects:
1. the humidity of use environment, temperature change, the precision of component is influenced, causes gain error not up to standard, at this time Obtain manual correction again;
2. need to input the square-wave signal of different range values during manual correction, when user equipment is not complete, during no signal source, Cause correction that can not implement;
3. the foundation of manual correction is whether the amplitude for observing input signal has 6div, then it is required that input signal amplitude Precision is as high as possible, that is, requires signal source precision high, to reduce influence of the signal source precision to vertical sensitivity correction accuracy;
4. manual correction, which is artificial observation, judges that error is big, and precision is low, and time-consuming, complexity is high;
5. even if judge whether signal reaches desired value using the square-wave signal and automatic collection for exporting different amplitudes automatically Semi-automatic correction method, precision is slightly above manual correction, but changes output waveform automatically, and additional equipment is needed to prop up Support, the further requirement self-contained property of user, has limited to the use condition of this function.
As can be seen that conventional correction methods requirement extras support, is easily affected by human factors, precision is low, and mistake Journey is complicated, and time-consuming and laborious, efficiency is low.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self-correctings Method using bias voltage as internal calibrations source, is hung down by the relative quantity of bias voltage twice to calculate gain adjustment amount Straight adjustment of sensitivity, to realize digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity self-correcting.
For achieving the above object, digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention includes the following steps:
S1:Oscillograph is initialized, setting digital oscilloscope needs the channel corrected, and the coupled modes for setting channel are direct current Coupling, triggering coupled modes are dc-couple, acquisition mode is average sample, and vertical sensitivity is in vertical sensitivity range Maximum value;
S2:Bias voltage V is setoffset1=-K1* YID, wherein YID represent current vertical sensitivity, K1Represent default Normal number, K1Value range be 0 < K1< D/2, D represent the div numbers of waveform viewing area vertical direction;It is calculated current The average value V of gathered data quantized valuead1
S3:It is once again set up bias voltage Voffset2=K2* YID, K2Represent preset normal number, K2Value range be 0 < K2< D/2;The average value V of current gathered data quantized value is calculatedad2
S4:Calculate the relative distance Δ V=V of the average value of gathered data when bias voltage is set twicead2-Vad1
S5:Calculate relative distance standard value Δ Vst=(K1+K2) * YdotsPerDiv, wherein YdotsPerDiv expression wave Quantized value number in the vertical direction of shape viewing area representated by each div;
S6:If Δ V ∈ [Δ Vst-δ,ΔVst+ δ], the correction of current vertical sensitivity terminates, and enters step S8, otherwise Enter step S7;
S7:Calculate gain adjustment value Amplifier:
Amplifier=20lg (Δ Vst/ΔV)
The regulated quantity of Gain Adjusting Device is calculated according to gain adjustment value Amplifier, if there is regulated quantity, then to increasing Beneficial adjusting means is adjusted, return to step S2, if regulated quantity is not present in Gain Adjusting Device, enters step S8;
S8:Terminate if all vertical sensitivities all correct, which terminates, and otherwise switches to next vertical sensitive Degree, return to step S2.
Digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention, it is right respectively using bias voltage as internal calibrations source Bias voltage carry out it is lower reconcile up-regulation, the relative distance of the average value of gathered data when acquiring bias voltage twice, Ran Houji The standard value of relative distance is calculated, compares relative distance and relative distance standard value, gain adjustment value is calculated, to gain-adjusted Device is adjusted, and resets bias voltage and gathered data, relative distance is calculated, until relative distance is in standard value error Then the correction of the vertical sensitivity terminates under current channel within range.The present invention by setting acquisition during bias voltage twice The average value of data calculates its relative distance, carries out the adjusting of gain so as to calculate the regulated quantity of gain, realizes digital oscillography Device vertical sensitivity self-correcting, so as to save human resources, there is no human factors, improve correction accuracy, improve correction efficiency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the vertical conditioning module topology example figure of analog channel in digital oscilloscope;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to those skilled in the art preferably Understand the present invention.Requiring particular attention is that in the following description, when known function and the detailed description of design perhaps When can desalinate the main contents of the present invention, these descriptions will be ignored herein.
In order to which technical scheme of the present invention is better described, first to the self-correcting of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity to illustrate Form is simply introduced.
The vertical sensitivity of digital oscilloscope just refers to the voltage representated by unit display length (lattice) in vertical direction It is worth (V/div), vertical sensitivity self-correcting is substantially that gain in channel is corrected, and makes the range value of measured signal reading Precision reaches technical requirement.Gain of the digital oscilloscope under different vertical sensitivity is different, and required gain It is completed jointly by multiple modules.Table 1 is the example of gain needed for each gear of digital oscilloscope.
Vertical sensitivity The signal inputted when all over the screen ADC input voltages Required gain
1mV/div 10mVPP 500mVPP 34dB
5mV/div 50mVPP 500mVPP 20dB
50mV/div 500mVPP 500mVPP 0dB
100mV/div 1VPP 500mVPP -6dB
5V/div 50VPP 500mVPP -40dB
Table 1
The vertical conditioning module of analog channel is one of main modular of digital oscilloscope, and concrete structure is according to digital oscillography The design of device is different and different.Fig. 1 is the vertical conditioning module topology example figure of analog channel in digital oscilloscope.Such as Fig. 1 Shown, the vertical conditioning module of analog channel includes thick attenuation/straight-forward network 1, impedance transformer network 2, number in digital oscilloscope Step attenuator (DSA, Digital Step Attenuator) 3, fixed gain amplifier 4, ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter, analog-digital converter) driver 5, ADC6.Thick attenuation/straight-forward network 1 is according to the difference of hardware design, in straight-through shelves Without any processing under position, in attenuation gear then according to the different fixed multiples of impedance conditions attenuation.Digital stepping attenuation Device 3 is controllable gain attenuator, can realize continuously adjusting for signal amplitude, ensures the accuracy of signal amplitude.Fixed gain Amplifier 4 realizes that enlarging function is fixed in gain.By the cascade of digital step attenuator 3 and fixed gain amplifier 4, gain tune is formed Network is saved to realize that variable gain is amplified.In order to ensure that the gain under all vertical sensitivities all meets ADC to input signal electricity The increasing provided inside flat requirement, the gain of the maximum attenuation amount, fixed gain amplifier 4 of digital step attenuator 3 and ADC6 Beneficial necessary Proper Match.Therefore Gain Adjusting Device is digital step attenuator and ADC in the present embodiment, and gain adjustment amount is The attenuation of digital step attenuator and the internal gain of ADC.It in practical applications, can be according to the specific knot of digital oscilloscope Structure selects Gain Adjusting Device, and one can be selected individually to adjust, and can also select multiple to be combined adjusting.
Under each vertical sensitivity, the vertical conditioning module of analog channel leads directly to, decays or gain amplifier, in hardware Design has been fixed when completing, and yield value is also fixed completes, when switch vertical sensitivity these work just complete simultaneously. Vertical sensitivity correction only needs fine tuning gain that amplitude measurement error is made to reach technical indicator.The present invention is vertical sensitive Not using external input signal when spending self-correcting, by the use of bias voltage as internal calibrations source, realize gain certainly by algorithm Correction, makes amplitude measurement error reach technical indicator, and vertical sensitivity self-correcting is independent of external equipment.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method of the present invention.As shown in Fig. 2, number of the present invention Word oscillograph vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method includes the following steps:
S201:Initialize digital oscilloscope:
Setting digital oscilloscope needs the channel corrected, and the coupled modes for setting channel are dc-couple, triggering coupling side Formula is dc-couple, acquisition mode is average sample, and vertical sensitivity is the maximum value in vertical sensitivity range.The present embodiment Middle average time is 16 times, when base gear be oscillograph most fast real-time sampling shelves.
S202:It is acquired after lowering bias voltage:
Adjust bias voltage Voffset1=-K1* YID, wherein YID represent current vertical sensitivity, K1Represent it is preset just Constant, that is, make signal waveform be located at viewing area zero level lower section positive constant value, represent oscilloscope display area Div numbers in the vertical direction of domain.Then the average value V of current gathered data is calculatedad1
It has been more than just the quantization of ADC when vertical direction of the bias voltage beyond the waveform display area of digital oscilloscope Range, then for the precision of correction, bias voltage must not exceed the range of the vertical direction of waveform display area.With digital oscillography The waveform viewing area vertical direction of device is divided into for 8div, then K1Maximum no more than 4, in order to ensure the precision of correction, K1's Maximum value cannot generally get 4.Therefore present invention setting K1Value range be 0 < K1< D/2, D represent that waveform viewing area is vertical The div numbers in direction.In general, K1Value slightly bigger can be conducive to correction accuracy, and work as K1It may consequently contribute to during round numbers The accurate calculating of step S204 Plays values preferably takes closest and less than D/2 the integer with D/2, therefore in the present embodiment K is set1=3.
S203:It is acquired after up-regulation bias voltage:
Adjust bias voltage Voffset2=K2* YID, that is, the top that signal waveform is made to be located at viewing area zero level.So The average value V of current gathered data is calculated afterwardsad2.Similarly, K2Value range be 0 < K2< D/2, equally also represent Div numbers in the vertical direction of waveform display area, K1And K2Value may be the same or different, K2It is preferably also and takes with D/2 most The integer of D/2 is approached and be less than, K is equally set in the present embodiment2=3.
S204:Calculate twice bias voltage when acquired data values relative distance:
Calculate the relative distance Δ V=V of gathered data average value when bias voltage is set twicead2-Vad1, this it is opposite away from From the quantized value number represented between gathered data average value twice.
It is defined according to Δ V it is found that Δ V is the relative quantity between gathered data when setting bias voltage twice, theoretically there is (K1 +K2) div quantized value, therefore this programme has broken away from shadow of the baseline to bias voltage using relative error bearing calibration It rings, thereby may be ensured that the precision of vertical sensitivity.
S205:Calculate relative distance standard value:
Since the relative distance Δ V calculated in step S204 is the difference of acquisition quantized value, that is to say, that as a result, area The number of interior quantized value, therefore relative distance standard value Δ VstIt is also required to as unit of the number of quantized value, represents that waveform is shown Show (the K of area's vertical direction1+K2) div theoretically representative quantized values number, it is known that Δ Vst=(K1+K2)* YdotsPerDiv, wherein YdotsPerDiv represent the quantized value number representated by each div in the vertical direction of waveform viewing area. For example, 8bit ADC, quantized value has 256, and the quantized value for being mapped to waveform viewing area vertical direction is 200, is divided into 8div corresponding with waveform viewing area vertical direction then corresponds to 25 quantized values per div.So work as K1=3, K2When=3, relatively Criterion distance value Δ Vst=150.
S206:Judge whether Δ V ∈ [Δ Vst-δ,ΔVst+ δ], δ represents preset tolerance points, that is, the error model allowed It encloses, value can be configured according to the design accuracy of technical requirement.If Δ V ∈ [Δ Vst-δ,ΔVst+ δ], explanation The current vertical sensitivity accuracy of digital oscilloscope has reached requirement, and vertical sensitivity correction terminates, and enters step S208, no Then enter step S207.
S207:Gain-adjusted:
The adjusting stepping that coarse adjustment and fine tuning are assumed in the present invention is carried out, therefore calculating for unit with decibel (dB) During gain adjustment value Amplifier, also as unit of dB, the calculation formula of gain adjustment value Amplifier is:
Amplifier=20lg (Δ Vst/ΔV)
The regulated quantity of Gain Adjusting Device is calculated according to gain adjustment value Amplifier, if there is regulated quantity, then to increasing Beneficial adjusting means is adjusted, return to step S202, if regulated quantity is not present in Gain Adjusting Device, enters step S208.One As for Gain Adjusting Device all exist and adjust step-length, therefore according to regulated value and to adjust step-length and calculate regulated quantity, work as increasing When beneficial regulated value is less than adjusting step-length, then adjusting can not be realized, i.e., there is no regulated quantitys.Obviously, Δ V > Δs VstWhen, Amplifier < 0 need to increase attenuation or reduce amplification factor;As Δ V < Δs VstWhen, Amplifier > 0 need to subtract Small attenuation improves amplification factor.
Gain Adjusting Device selects digital step attenuator and ADC in the present embodiment, by the adjusting of gain be divided into coarse adjustment and Fine tuning, the coarse adjustment of gain are the digital step attenuators adjusted in the vertical conditioning module of analog channel, and the fine tuning of gain is adjustment The gain provided inside ADC6.Adjusting to digital step attenuator and/or ADC internal gains can be adjusted simultaneously, can also Primary only to adjust a device, specific algorithm can be set as needed, used in the present embodiment and directly calculated adjusting The method of amount realizes that being combined by both coarse adjustment and fine tuning makes vertical sensitivity precision higher.Its specific method is:
It calculatesWherein step_coarse represents coarse adjustment stepping, i.e., digital stepping The adjusting stepping of attenuator, as unit of dB,Represent downward rounding.If a ≠ 0, illustrate coarse adjustment may be used at this time, that Attenuation coarse=coarse-a × step_coarse, the coarse > 0 of digital step attenuator is set.As a > 0, i.e., During Amplifier > 0, attenuation coarse becomes smaller, i.e., the attenuation of reduction attenuator, coarse adjustment amount are | a × step_coarse |;Otherwise as a < 0, increase the attenuation of attenuator, coarse adjustment amount is | a × step_coarse |.Step S202 is returned again to sentence It is disconnected.
If a=0, illustrate that coarse adjustment cannot be carried out, it may be necessary to carry out fine tuning, then calculateStep_fine represents fine tuning stepping, i.e. the gain-adjusted stepping of ADC, using dB as list Position.If b ≠ 0, illustrate fine tuning may be used at this time, then set internal gain fine=fine+b × step_ of ADC Fine, wherein fine ∈ [finemin,finemax], finemin< 0, finemax> 0.This is because ADC internal gains can be It is just or negative, when gain is negative, it is equivalent to and is decayed.Obviously when for attenuation (i.e. fine < 0) when, adjusting and The attenuation adjusting of digital step attenuator is similar, i.e., as b > 0, the value of internal gain fine increases, is equivalent to and reduces attenuation Amount, fine tuning amount is | b × step_fine |, otherwise as b < 0, the value of internal gain fine reduces, and is equivalent to and increases attenuation Amount, fine tuning amount is | b × step_fine |.When ADC is amplification (i.e. fine > 0), as b > 0, internal gain fine is increased, Amplification factor increases, and fine tuning amount is | b × step_fine |, otherwise as b < 0, reduce internal gain fine, amplification factor Reduce, fine tuning amount is | b × step_fine |.Return again to step S202 judgements.If b=0, then digital stepping attenuation at this time There is no regulated quantitys by device and ADC, then enter step S208.According to the adjusting of ADC internal gains it is found that during adjusting, It is possible that the switching of ADC working methods can be realized, i.e. the positive and negative switching of fine, that is, from amplification be converted to attenuation or from Attenuation is converted to amplification.
The adjusting algorithm can be seen that first using coarse adjustment according to the above algorithm that adjusts, when coarse adjustment is completed or is unable in coarse adjustment again Carry out fine tuning.This is because the adjusting stepping of coarse adjustment is generally higher than the adjusting stepping of fine tuning, required precision is not achieved in only coarse adjustment When just carry out fine tuning, the small step-by-step adjustment of fine tuning makes vertical sensitivity precision higher, correction can be made more to have in this way Efficiency.During adjusting, if encountering extreme case, the attenuation and ADC internal gains of digital step attenuator have been adjusted The whole limiting value that arrived still cannot reach alignment requirements, can only at this time terminate to correct.But in general, in digital oscilloscope During design, gain deviation is not too large, can also reserve enough correction surpluses, and only digital oscilloscope internal circuit exists Failure is possible to this extreme case occur, and the present invention is directed the vertical sensitivity of normal digital oscilloscope from Correction, therefore do not take into account the extreme case.
Below by taking a specific example as an example, to illustrate the specific implementation procedure of adjusting algorithm proposed in the present embodiment. Assuming that attenuation coarse=20dB, ADC the internal gain fine=-0.02dB, step_ of Contemporary Digital step attenuator Coarse=0.25dB, step_fine=0.017dB.As Δ Vst/ Δ V=1.04, can be calculated Amplifier ≈ 0.34dB, then attenuation coarse=20-1 × 0.25=19.75dB of a=1, at this time digital step attenuator are returned again Secondary setting bias voltage obtains the relative distance of bias voltage adjustment twice, recalculates Amplifier, it is assumed that Δ V at this timest/ Amplifier ≈ -0.06dB can be calculated in Δ V=0.993, then a=0, therefore b=-3 is calculated, ADC's is interior at this time Portion's gain fine=-0.02+3 × 0.017=-0.031dB.Return is once again set up bias voltage, and the Δ V being calculated at this time exists ΔV∈[ΔVst-δ,ΔVst+ δ] in, then vertical sensitivity correction terminates.
S208:Judge whether that all vertical sensitivities all correct to terminate, if so, the channel correcting terminates, otherwise enter Step S209.
S209:Switch to next vertical sensitivity, return to step S202.
The present invention obtains needing the yield value that adjusts by formula calculating, attenuation to digital step attenuator and/ Or the internal gain of ADC is adjusted.Above-mentioned flow is the correcting process under all vertical sensitivities under a channel, works as number It during oscillograph more than one channel, needs to be corrected each channel respectively, i.e., carries out step S201 to step S209 respectively Correction course.
The present invention establishes vertical sensitivity self-correcting on bias voltage basis, using bias voltage as an inside Calibration source is the basis of entire self-calibration process.Judge whether gain reaches required precision using the relative quantity biased twice, then The variable quantity for needing to adjust directly is calculated, reduces adjusting number repeatedly, improves vertical sensitivity self-correcting forward efficiency.Table 1 is The comparison of the present invention and vertical sensitivity manual correction.
Table 2
As known from Table 2, software program can be write to control to adjust according to the present invention, avoid artificially adjust it is cumbersome with And the problems such as precision is low, a large amount of manpower and time are saved, improves precision, simplifies correction course.Additional equipment is not needed to It supports, is greatly expanded the use environment of the function.
Although the illustrative specific embodiment of the present invention is described above, in order to the technology of the art Personnel understand the present invention, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the range of specific embodiment, to the common skill of the art For art personnel, if various change appended claim limit and determining the spirit and scope of the present invention in, these Variation is it will be apparent that all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of digital oscilloscope vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
S1:Oscillograph is initialized, setting digital oscilloscope needs the channel corrected, and the coupled modes for setting channel are direct current coupling Close, triggering coupled modes are dc-couple, acquisition mode is average sample, vertical sensitivity be in vertical sensitivity range most Big value;
S2:Bias voltage Vo is setffset1=-K1* YID, wherein YID represent current vertical sensitivity, K1Represent it is preset just Constant, K1Value range be 0 < K1< D/2, D represent lattice (div) number of waveform viewing area vertical direction;It is calculated current The average value V of gathered data quantized valuead1
S3:It is once again set up bias voltage Voffset2=K2* YID, K2Value range be 0 < K2< D/2;It is calculated and currently adopts Collect the average value V of data quantization valuead2
S4:Calculate the relative distance Δ V=V of the average value of gathered data when bias voltage is set twicead2-Vad1
S5:Calculate relative distance standard value Δ Vst=(K1+K2) * YdotsPerDiv, wherein YdotsPerDiv represent waveform show Quantized value number in area's vertical direction representated by each div;
S6:If Δ V ∈ [Δ Vst-δ,ΔVst+ δ], δ represents preset tolerance points, and vertical sensitivity correction terminates, enters Step S8, otherwise enters step S7;
S7:Calculate gain adjustment value Amplifier:
Amplifier=20lg (Δ Vst/ΔV)
The regulated quantity of Gain Adjusting Device is calculated according to gain adjustment value Amplifier, if there is regulated quantity, then to gain tune Section device is adjusted, and return to step S2 if regulated quantity is not present in Gain Adjusting Device, enters step S8;
The Gain Adjusting Device includes digital step attenuator and ADC, and adjusting method is:
It calculatesWherein step_coarse represents the adjusting step of digital step attenuator Into,Represent downward rounding;If a ≠ 0, attenuation coarse=coarse-a × step_ of digital step attenuator is set coarse;If a=0, calculateStep_fine represents the gain adjuster step of ADC; If b ≠ 0, internal gain fine=fine+b × step_fine of ADC, wherein fine ∈ [fine are setmin,finemax], finemin< 0, finemax> 0;If b=0, then regulated quantity is not present in digital step attenuator and ADC at this time;
S8:Terminate if all vertical sensitivities all correct, which terminates, and otherwise switches to next vertical sensitivity, Return to step S2.
2. vertical sensitivity automatic correcting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the parameter K1And K2Equal to D/2 is closest and is less than the integer of D/2.
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CN104360300A (en) * 2014-11-21 2015-02-18 惠州市蓝微电子有限公司 Automatic voltage accuracy correcting and adjusting method for voltage calibrating device
CN204886890U (en) * 2015-03-16 2015-12-16 王正 Oscillograph preceding stage attenuator circuit

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