CN105890759B - The optical fiber grating regulating system of spectral resolution is improved using fine motion detector array - Google Patents
The optical fiber grating regulating system of spectral resolution is improved using fine motion detector array Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of optical fiber grating regulating system that line scan image sensor spectral resolution is improved using fine motion detector array,The demodulating system includes pumping source,Wavelength division multiplexer,Bragg grating,Diaphragm,Slit,Collimating mirror,Spectro-grating,Imaging lens and linear array detector,Piezoelectric-actuator and voltage control system,Wherein described pumping source,Wavelength division multiplexer and bragg grating are sequentially connected,The wavelength division multiplexer connects diaphragm simultaneously,Enter bragg grating after the coupling that the light that the pumping source is sent passes through wavelength division multiplexer,The reflectance spectrum of the bragg grating enters optical fiber grating regulating system as injection light,After injection light is by slit,Pass sequentially through collimating mirror,Spectro-grating,The reflection of imaging lens,Finally converge on linear array detector,Wherein described linear array detector moves left and right slight distance along its long axis direction.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of that spectral resolution is improved using fine motion detector array the present invention relates to sensory field of optic fibre
Optical fiber grating regulating system and method.
Background technology
Fiber grating is a kind of novel passive sensing element, has high sensitivity, and anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, corrosion-resistant etc.
Plurality of advantages, since for sensing, the development of Fast Persistence is had been achieved for, led in Aero-Space, building structure, oil etc.
Had broad application prospects in terms of the safety monitoring in domain.Optical fiber grating regulating system is the key component of whole sensor-based system,
Realize that high accuracy, high-resolution, dynamic and static parameter combine, multipoint multiplexing detection and low cost are fiber grating demodulation technologies
The trend of development.The method of optical fibre interrogation have it is a variety of, tuning F-P filter methods be only used for measure static strain, tunable laser
The cost of device method is very high, and non-equilibrium M-Z interferometric methods are easily affected by environment, are unfavorable for engineer applied.As optics is visited in recent years
Survey the fast development of device so that Miniature optical fiber spectrometer is fast-developing, the optical fibre interrogation technology based on light spectrum image-forming method also with
Grow up.Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator small volume based on light spectrum image-forming method, integration degree are high, available for measurement it is static and
Dynamic strain, there are outstanding advantages in numerous demodulation methods, be an important directions of demodulating system research, wherein, demodulation
The Performance of Optical System of instrument directly affects the resolution ratio of system, be a key of (FBG) demodulator.
The optical system structure species of grating spectrograph is more, and what application was commonplace at present is Czerny-Turner light
Line structure, i.e., using two sides concave mirror as collimating mirror and imaging lens, dispersion element is used as using plane reflection grating.This
On the one hand it is that cost of reproduction is cheap because plane grating design difficulty is low, diffraction efficiency is high；On the other hand it is due to Czerny-
Turner structures are adjustable and the structural parameters of arrangement are more, can avoid secondary or multiple diffraction, be easy to use photovoltaic array
Detector receives spectrum.Common Small-sized C zerny-Turner spectrometers are broadly divided into 2 kinds of structures of chiasma type and M types.M types are
The classical architecture of Czerny-Turner spectrometers, representative products are the Avaspec series smalls that Dutch Avantes companies develop
Fiber spectrometer；Chiasma type is then high by its differentiation, its more compact structure, space availability ratio.However, due to linear array figure
As sensor pixel Limited Number, spectral space resolution ratio is restricted.
Accordingly, it is capable to which no realize that high-resolution gration wavelength accurately demodulates in the case where line array sensor pixel is limited, it is
This area technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The content of the invention
It is spectrally resolved using fine motion detector array raising line scan image sensor it is an object of the invention to provide one kind
The optical fiber grating regulating system of rate, the demodulating system include pumping source, wavelength division multiplexer, bragg grating, diaphragm, narrow
Seam, collimating mirror, spectro-grating, imaging lens and linear array detector, piezoelectric-actuator and voltage control system, wherein the pumping
Source, wavelength division multiplexer and bragg grating are sequentially connected, and the wavelength division multiplexer connects diaphragm, the pumping source hair simultaneously
Enter bragg grating, the reflectance spectrum conduct of the bragg grating after the coupling that the light gone out passes through wavelength division multiplexer
Injection light enters optical fiber grating regulating system, after injection light is by slit, passes sequentially through collimating mirror, spectro-grating, imaging lens
Reflection, is finally converged on linear array detector, wherein the linear array detector moves left and right slight distance along its long axis direction.
Preferably, the linear array detector moving range is between 0-1 centimetres.
Preferably, the linear array detector is adjusted at a high speed by piezoelectric-actuator.
Preferably, the method for the mobile slight distance is as follows：
A) piezoelectric-actuator is adjusted to least significant end, and this voltage is initial adjustment voltage；
B) it is initial spectrum to record least significant end spectroscopic data；
C) half step distance regulation piezoelectric-actuator, it is position to calculate current light spectrum and initial spectrum, the piezoelectric-actuator
Servo is put, is moved by input position instruction to control linear array detector to carry out micro-shifting, the locus of incident light is adjusted,
It is final to determine light spectrum image-forming position；
D) first the degree of correlation peak value when regulation voltage be recorded as eventually adjust voltage；
E) some grades being divided between tune voltage by initial adjustment voltage and eventually, demodulation every time measures to each grade, with
Obtain higher spatial resolution.
Preferably, the concrete processing procedure of the sub-step b) is as follows：
When there are 256 pixels, then 256 subsection integral values can be obtained：I0, I1, I2 ... ..I255 }, when
Pixel along a direction fine motion scan when, obtain another ordered series of numbers：I0 ', I1 ', I2 ' ... ..I255 ' }, before this ordered series of numbers
The former is gone, is obtained：{ I0 '-I0, I1 '-I1, I2 '-I2 ... I255 '-I255, }, i.e. { G1-G0, G2-G1, G3-
G2,......}；Wherein G0 represents the light intensity true value of the 0th position, and G1 represents the light intensity value of 1 position；This ordered series of numbers is summed,
Obtain G1-G0, G2-G0, G3-G0 ... G255-G0 }, what is so obtained is the new value after finely tuning for the first time, followed by the
New value after secondary fine setting, if having finely tuned n times, just obtain the interpolation of n times.
It should be appreciated that foregoing description substantially and follow-up description in detail are exemplary illustration and explanation, should not
As the limitation to the claimed content of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawing enclosed, the present invention more purpose, function and advantages will pass through the as follows of embodiment of the present invention
Description is illustrated, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structure according to the optical fiber grating regulating system of the raising line scan image sensor spectral resolution of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the fiber grating demodulation for being translated using slit and improving line scan image sensor spectral resolution
The structural representation of system；
Fig. 3 schematically shows the optical fiber grating regulating system finely tuned using collimating mirror and improve detector array spectral resolution
Structural representation；
Fig. 4 schematically shows the optical fiber grating regulating system that detector array spectral resolution is improved using fine motion grating
Structural representation；
Fig. 5 schematically shows the optical fiber grating regulating system finely tuned using imaging lens and improve detector array spectral resolution
Structural representation；
Fig. 6 schematically shows the fiber grating demodulation finely tuned using linear array detector and improve detector array spectral resolution
The structural representation of system；
Fig. 7 schematically shows the structural representation for the optical fiber grating regulating system for improving detector array spectral resolution；
Fig. 8 schematically shows the optical fiber light that raising spectral resolution is scanned using linear array detector fine motion according to the present invention
Grid demodulating system improves the flow of the feedback of the optical fiber grating regulating system of line scan image sensor spectral resolution
Figure；
Fig. 9 (a) shows that a light intensity in space is in one-dimensional Gaussian curve distribution map；
Result figure after the multiple measurement results interpolation that Fig. 9 (b) is shown when not adjusting slit after scanning；
The result figure after multiple measurement results interpolation when Fig. 9 (c) shows regulation slit after scanning.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the structure according to the optical fiber grating regulating system of the raising line scan image sensor spectral resolution of the present invention
Schematic diagram；A kind of optical fiber light that line scan image sensor spectral resolution is improved using linear array detector fine motion provided by the invention
Grid demodulating system 100 is as shown in figure 1, the optical fiber grating regulating system 100 includes pumping source (LD) 101, wavelength division multiplexer
(WDM) 102, bragg grating (FBG) 103, diaphragm 104, slit 105, spectro-grating 106, collimating mirror 107, imaging lens
108 and linear array detector (CCD) 109.Pumping source 101, wavelength division multiplexer 102 and bragg grating 103 are sequentially connected, ripple
Division multiplexer 102 connects diaphragm 104 simultaneously.Enter Bradley after the coupling that the light that pumping source 101 is sent passes through wavelength division multiplexer 102
Lattice fiber grating 103, the reflectance spectrum of bragg grating 103 enter optical fiber grating regulating system as injection light.Injection light
After slit 105, the reflection of collimating mirror 106, spectro-grating 107, imaging lens 108 is passed sequentially through, finally converges to linear array spy
Survey on device (CCD) 109.
First, by pumping source 101, wavelength division multiplexer 102, the welding in the manner shown in figure 1 of bragg grating 103, its
Middle bragg grating 103 should have higher reflectivity and narrower line width.Ripple according to the embodiment of the present invention
The parameter selection of division multiplexer (WDM) 102, bragg grating (FBG) 103 is required to same pumping wavelength, laser emitting ripple
Long parameter matching, specific parameter are as shown in table 1.
Table 1 according to the present invention demodulating system reflectance spectrum light source parameters
If in embodiment from core diameter be 10/125 μm of Er-doped fiber as gain media, pumping source LD tail optical fibers, wavelength-division
Multiplexer WDM need to choose same model core diameter.Pumping source LD output wavelength 976nm, wavelength division multiplexer WDM operation wavelength 976/
1550nm, bragg grating FBG selection range are 1530nm-1560nm, can obtain laser output within the range.Experiment
It need to be chosen together as gain media, pumping source LD tail optical fibers, wavelength division multiplexer WDM for 10/125 μm of Yb dosed optical fiber from core diameter in if
Template core diameter.Pumping source LD is 915nm single-mode outputs, wavelength division multiplexer WDM operation wavelength 915/1064nm, Prague light
Fine grating FBG is chosen near 1064nm, can obtain laser output within the range.
The reflected light of bragg grating 103 is irradiated to collimating mirror 106 by diaphragm 104 as incident light a and maintains light
The collimation of beam, then collimated light, which is irradiated on spectro-grating 107, carries out diffraction light splitting, afterwards by imaging lens 108, converges in
Linear array detector 109.
Spectro-grating 107 can be represented by formula (1)
N λ=d (sin α ± sin β) (1)
Wherein n is the order of spectrum, n=0, ± 1, ± 2....；α is incidence angle；β is angle of reflection；θ is blaze angle；D is grating
Constant.
N=0 is zero order spectrum, and now, β is unrelated with λ, i.e., is acted on without light splitting；N=± 1, ± 2 correspond to first-order spectrum and
Second order spectrum, wherein first-order spectrum energy is strong, is divided available for realizing.Grating resolution is unrelated with wavelength, the spectrum after separation
Belong to and arrange spectrum, the theoretical resolution of grating is grating line number and the product of spectrum level, there can be formula (2) expression
R=nN (2)
It is 50mm for width, groove number is 1200/mm grating, and the resolution ratio of its first-order spectrum is 6 × 104.
Using the reflected light of bragg grating 103 as injection light source, the spectrum width of incident light is so reduced, is divided in grating
Resolution can obtain under conditions of determining and more be spaced finer interference fringe.Now to slit, diaphragm, spectro-grating, standard
Straight mirror, imaging lens and linear array detector are adjusted, and control slit micro-shifting dynamic by input position instruction or control light splitting light
Micro- rotation of grid, collimating mirror, imaging lens and linear array detector, is adjusted to the locus of incident light, then incides imaging
The light path of mirror changes, and the striped converged on linear array detector also occurs to change accordingly, final to determine light spectrum image-forming position
Put.
Specifically, it is described in detail by following examples.
Embodiment 1
(a) diagrammatically illustrates the optical fiber light for being translated using slit and improving line scan image sensor spectral resolution in Fig. 2
The structural representation of grid demodulating system.In Fig. 2 shown in (a), slit 105 is adjusted, makes slit along shown by arrow b directions
Mobile, slit moving step length is 0.1 micron, and adjustable range is between 0-1 centimetres.Slit 105 is by piezoelectric-actuator come high
Velocity modulation is whole.Piezoelectric-actuator is controlled by voltage control system, light spectrum image-forming is existed in the position of line scan image sensor
Moved in minimum pixel interval.So, inciding the light path of imaging lens 108 will change, and converge to linear array
Striped on detector 109 also occurs to change accordingly, and optical path change schematic diagram is as shown such as (b) in Fig. 2.Entered by adjusting optical fiber
The width of slit is penetrated, the minute movement of striped can be realized, so as to have the function that to improve measuring accuracy.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 3 schematically shows the optical fiber grating regulating system finely tuned using collimating mirror and improve detector array spectral resolution
Structural representation.As shown in figure 3, collimation mirror 106 is adjusted, collimating mirror is set to be rotated along shown by arrow c directions, the anglec of rotation
Spend for counterclockwise or turn clockwise 10 ° -30 °.Collimating mirror 106 is adjusted at a high speed by piezoelectric-actuator.Piezoelectricity performs member
Part is controlled by voltage control system, makes light spectrum image-forming in the position of line scan image sensor in minimum pixel interval
Move.So, inciding the light path of imaging lens 108 will change, the striped converged on linear array detector 109
Corresponding change occurs.By adjusting the anglec of rotation of collimating mirror, the minute movement of striped can be realized, is surveyed so as to reach to improve
Try the effect of precision.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 4 schematically shows the optical fiber grating regulating system that detector array spectral resolution is improved using fine motion grating
Structural representation.As shown in figure 4, spectro-grating 107 is adjusted, spectro-grating is rotated along shown by arrow d directions, rotate
Angle is counterclockwise or turned clockwise 10 ° -30 °.Spectro-grating 107 is adjusted at a high speed by piezoelectric-actuator.Piezoelectricity is held
Units are controlled by voltage control system, make light spectrum image-forming in the position of line scan image sensor in minimum pixel interval model
Moved in enclosing.So, inciding the light path of imaging lens 108 will change, the bar converged on linear array detector 109
Line also occurs to change accordingly.By adjusting the anglec of rotation of spectro-grating, the minute movement of striped can be realized, so as to reach
Improve the effect of measuring accuracy.
Embodiment 4
Fig. 5 schematically shows the optical fiber grating regulating system finely tuned using imaging lens and improve detector array spectral resolution
Structural representation.As shown in figure 5, imaging lens 108 are adjusted, spectro-grating is rotated along shown by arrow e directions, rotate
Angle is counterclockwise or turned clockwise 10 ° -30 °.Imaging lens 108 are adjusted at a high speed by piezoelectric-actuator.Piezoelectricity performs
Element is controlled by voltage control system, makes light spectrum image-forming in the position of line scan image sensor in minimum pixel interval
Inside move, the striped converged on linear array detector 109 also occurs to change accordingly.By the anglec of rotation for adjusting imaging lens
Degree, the minute movement of striped can be realized, so as to have the function that to improve measuring accuracy.
Embodiment 5
Fig. 6 schematically shows the fiber grating demodulation finely tuned using linear array detector and improve detector array spectral resolution
The structural representation of system.As shown in figure 5, linear array detector 109 is adjusted, make spectro-grating along shown by arrow f directions
Move left and right.Slit moving step length is 0.1 micron, and adjustable range is between 0-1 centimetres.Linear array detector 109 is held by piezoelectricity
Units at a high speed adjust.Piezoelectric-actuator is controlled by voltage control system, light spectrum image-forming is sensed in linear array images
The position of device moves in minimum pixel interval.By adjusting the anglec of rotation of linear array detector, bar can be realized
The minute movement of line, so as to have the function that to improve measuring accuracy.
Embodiment 6
Fig. 7 schematically shows the structural representation for the optical fiber grating regulating system for improving detector array spectral resolution.
As shown in fig. 7, at least two in slit, diaphragm, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens and linear array detector are finely adjusted,
The slit, diaphragm, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens and linear array detector are adjusted at a high speed by piezoelectric-actuator.Pressure
Electric executive component is controlled by voltage control system, makes light spectrum image-forming in the position of line scan image sensor between minimum pixel
Moved in the range of.By adjusting slit, diaphragm, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens and the anglec of rotation of linear array detector
Degree, so as to have the function that to improve measuring accuracy.
Fig. 8 schematically shows the fiber grating demodulation system of the raising line scan image sensor spectral resolution according to the present invention
The flow chart of the feedback of system.Specific control method is as follows：
First, step 801, piezoelectric-actuator is adjusted to least significant end, and this voltage is initial adjustment voltage；
Step 802, it is initial spectrum to record least significant end spectroscopic data；
Step 803, half step distance regulation piezoelectric element, piezoelectric element is position servo, is instructed by input position, adjusted respectively
Slit, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens or linear array detector are saved, calculates current light spectrum and initial spectrum.Adjust Gaussian image
When the displacement on CCD reaches a pixel wide, that is, single pass is completed, each secondary measurement data point of single pass
Other interpolation, form a more smooth curve.Its processing procedure is such, and the output of pixel is the segmentation to light intensity curve
Integration, when there is 256 pixels, then can obtain 256 subsection integral values：I0, I1, I2 ... and ..I255 }, work as pixel
When being scanned along a direction fine motion, another ordered series of numbers is obtained：I0 ', I1 ', I2 ' ... ..I255 ' }, before being gone before this ordered series of numbers
Person, obtain：{ I0 '-I0, I1 '-I1, I2 '-I2 ... I255 '-I255, }, i.e. { G1-G0, G2-G1, G3-
G2,......}.(attention is 0 position to the light intensity true value of the 0th position of wherein G0 expressions, rather than the light intensity product in pixel dimension
Point), G1 represents the light intensity value of 1 position.This ordered series of numbers is summed, obtain G1-G0, G2-G0, G3-G0 ... G255-
G0 }, what is so obtained is the new value after finely tuning for the first time, followed by the new value after fine setting for the second time, if having finely tuned n times, just
Obtain the interpolation of n times.
Step 804, first the degree of correlation peak value when regulation voltage be recorded as eventually adjust voltage；
Step 805, some grades are divided between tune voltage by initial adjustment voltage and eventually, slit is determined according to each grade
Displacement or spectro-grating, collimating mirror, the anglec of rotation of imaging lens or linear array detector.
Step 806, return to step 803, every time demodulation measure to each grade, to obtain higher spatial discrimination
Rate.
Fig. 9 (a) -9 (c) shows that present invention regulation slit, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens or linear array detector carry
The principle of EO-1 hyperion spatial resolution.Fig. 9 (a) shows that light intensity in space is in one-dimensional Gaussian curve distribution map.One light intensity exists
Space is irradiated on a ccd sensor in the light beam of one-dimensional Gaussian curve distribution, CCD each pixel close-packed arrays, each picture
Plain equivalent to one perpendicular lattice, as shown in Fig. 9 (a), the output of pixel is really the product to falling light intensity total amount on a pixel
Point.Because discretization is excessive, cause it is relatively low to image resolution ratio, for improve curve sampling number, by adjust slit, light splitting
Grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens or linear array detector, to change position of the Gaussian curve on ccd sensor, equivalent to movement
Ccd sensor is acquired to the diverse location of curve.Slit, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens or linear array detector it is micro-
Adjust, equivalent to the fine position to sensor, thus obtain finer and smoother to curve portray.Fig. 9 (b) is narrow not adjust
The result figure after multiple measurement results interpolation after being scanned when seam, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens or linear array detector.Fig. 9
(c) after multiple measurement results interpolation when to adjust slit, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens or linear array detector after scanning
Result figure.From Fig. 9 (b) and 9 (c), regulation slit, spectro-grating, collimating mirror, imaging lens or linear array detector, regulation
Gaussian image completes single pass when the displacement on CCD reaches a pixel wide, each survey of single pass
Data difference interpolation is measured, forms a more smooth curve.
With reference to the explanation of the invention disclosed here and practice, other embodiment of the invention is for those skilled in the art
It all will be readily apparent and understand.Illustrate and embodiment is to be considered only as exemplary, of the invention true scope and purport is equal
It is defined in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of optical fiber grating regulating system that spectral resolution is improved using fine motion detector array, the demodulating system are included
Pumping source, wavelength division multiplexer, bragg grating, diaphragm, slit, collimating mirror, spectro-grating, imaging lens and linear array detection
Device, piezoelectric-actuator and voltage control system,
Wherein described pumping source, wavelength division multiplexer and bragg grating are sequentially connected, and the wavelength division multiplexer connects simultaneously
Diaphragm,
Enter bragg grating, the bragg fiber after the coupling that the light that the pumping source is sent passes through wavelength division multiplexer
The reflectance spectrum of grating enters optical fiber grating regulating system as injection light,
After injection light is by slit, the reflection of collimating mirror, spectro-grating, imaging lens is passed sequentially through, finally converges to linear array detection
On device,
Wherein described linear array detector moves left and right slight distance along its long axis direction；
The feedback for wherein improving the optical fiber grating regulating system of spectral resolution is the linear array detector movement
The method of slight distance, is comprised the following steps that：
A) piezoelectric-actuator is adjusted to least significant end, and this voltage is initial adjustment voltage；
B) it is initial spectrum to record least significant end spectroscopic data；
C) half step distance regulation piezoelectric-actuator, the piezoelectric-actuator is position servo, and piezoelectric-actuator passes through voltage
Control system controls, and light spectrum image-forming is moved in the position of linear array detector in minimum pixel interval, passes through
Input position instruction is moved to control linear array detector to carry out micro-shifting, i.e., the locus of incident light is adjusted, final to determine
Light spectrum image-forming position, and record current light spectrum；The output of pixel is the subsection integral to light intensity curve, and regulation Gaussian image is online
When displacement on array detector reaches a pixel wide, that is, single pass is completed, each secondary measurement data point of scanning
Other interpolation, form a more smooth curve；
D) first the degree of correlation peak value when regulation voltage be recorded as eventually adjust voltage；
E) some grades are divided between tune voltage by initial adjustment voltage and eventually, demodulation every time measures to each grade, to obtain
Higher spatial resolution.
2. optical fiber grating regulating system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the linear array detector moving range 0-1 centimetres it
Between.
3. optical fiber grating regulating system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the linear array detector by piezoelectric-actuator come
Adjust at a high speed.
4. optical fiber grating regulating system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete processing procedure of the sub-step c) is as follows：
The output of pixel is the subsection integral to light intensity curve, when there is 256 pixels, then can obtain 256 subsection integrals
Value：{ I0, I1, I2 ... ... ..I255 }, when pixel scans along a direction fine motion, obtain another ordered series of numbers：I0 ', I1 ',
I2 ' ... ... ..I255 ' }, this ordered series of numbers is subtracted the former, obtained：I0 '-I0, I1 '-I1, I2 '-I2 ... ... I255 '-
I255, }, i.e., { G1-G0, G2-G1, G3-G2 ... ... }；Wherein G0 represents the light intensity true value of the 0th position, and G1 represents the light of 1 position
Intensity values；This ordered series of numbers is summed, obtains { G255-G0 }, what is so obtained is the new value after finely tuning for the first time, followed by second
New value after secondary fine setting, if having finely tuned n times, just obtain the interpolation of n times.
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