CN105885888A - Self-dedusting pyrolysis and cracking reactor - Google Patents
Self-dedusting pyrolysis and cracking reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105885888A CN105885888A CN201610489891.0A CN201610489891A CN105885888A CN 105885888 A CN105885888 A CN 105885888A CN 201610489891 A CN201610489891 A CN 201610489891A CN 105885888 A CN105885888 A CN 105885888A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/06—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale and/or or bituminous rocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/30—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pyrolysis and cracking of fossil fuel and in particular relates to a self-dedusting pyrolysis and cracking reactor mainly aiming at the resources, such as oil shale and coal. The reactor is used for preparing combustible gases and semicoke products. The self-dedusting pyrolysis and cracking reactor is designed and developed aiming at the deficiency of the prior art. The reactor has the beneficial effects that a pyrolysis chamber and a cracking chamber are integrally designed in the reactor; the oil gases generated in the pyrolysis chamber enter a granular bed dedusting device to be dedusted by the granular bed dedusting device, and then clean oil gases enter the cracking chamber to undergo deep cracking, thus reducing the rear dedusting pressure; and tar macromolecules are cracked into micromolecular gaseous hydrocarbons, thus avoiding the problem that the produced pyrolytic oil contains dust and truly achieving clean and efficient utilization of the fossil fuel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pyrolysis and the cracking technique field of Fossil fuel, be specifically related to a kind of being pyrolyzed and cracking reactor from dedusting type mainly for the resource such as oil shale and coal, be used for producing combustible gas and semicoke product.
Background technology
World today's petroleum resources gradually decreases, and day by day deficient, China is more so, it is necessary to rely on substantial amounts of imported crude oil, and this is related to national energy security problem.But, China has very abundant oil shale and coal resources, and the pyrolysis shale oil yield of current China ranks first in the world, and has the trend increased year by year.Existing oil shale and the coal pyrolysis type of furnace mainly have Fushun stove, three gas combustion side, river stoves, the solid heat carrier retort of big work, Ge Luote (Galoter) stove of Ai Shaniya, the ATP stove of Australia and American Association oil company gas retort etc..The existing pyrolysis type of furnace is all to produce oil product as main purpose, but is mostly pyrolyzed the type of furnace, especially to process the fine coal type of furnace as raw material, containing a large amount of dirt in pyrolysis oil, causes pyrolysis oil to be difficult to effectively and utilizes, and pyrolysis oil is worth the problems such as the highest.Therefore, how to design all simple reactor of a kind of high-effective dust-removing, system structure and technological process and become the problem that this area needs solution badly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, design and develop a kind of from the pyrolysis of dedusting type and cracking reactor, in this reactor, integration devises pyrolysis chamber and cracking room, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, enter grain bed dust arrester, after grain bed dust arrester dedusting, clean oil gas enters back into cracking room and carries out deep pyrolytic, reduce rear end dedusting pressure, the tar molecules of macromole is cracked into the gaseous hydrocarbons of little molecule, thus avoiding the problem producing pyrolysis oil dust-laden, the clean and effective being truly realized Fossil fuel utilizes.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The invention provides a kind of from the pyrolysis of dedusting type and cracking reactor, including: charging aperture, pyrolysis chamber, cracking room and cracking gas outlet, described charging aperture is arranged on the roof of described pyrolysis chamber, and the outlet of described cracking gas is arranged on the sidewall of described cracking room, it is characterized in that, also include:
Heat accumulation type radiant tube, described heat accumulation type radiant tube is along the short transverse multi-tier arrangement of described reactor inside described pyrolysis chamber and described cracking room, and every layer has the many described heat accumulation type radiant tubes arranged in the horizontal direction；
Heat insulation brick wall, described heat insulation brick wall is arranged at the 2/3 of described reactor transverse width, vertically through in described reactor, the inner space of described reactor is separated into described pyrolysis chamber and described cracking room；
Communication member, described communication member is on described heat insulation brick wall longitudinal length, is positioned at the opening of lower position, for being connected with described cracking room described pyrolysis chamber；
Grain bed dust arrester, described grain bed dust arrester is fixing with the described opening of described heat insulation brick wall to be connected, and the side that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at described pyrolysis chamber extends horizontally and to described pyrolysis chamber, for the oil gas that described pyrolysis chamber is produced, by described grain bed dust arrester, it is passed into described cracking room.
Inventor finds, the system structure of reactor according to embodiments of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, enter grain bed dust arrester, after grain bed dust arrester dedusting, clean oil gas enters back into cracking room and carries out deep pyrolytic, reduce rear end dedusting pressure, the tar molecules of macromole is cracked into the gaseous hydrocarbons of little molecule, this reactor can produce substantial amounts of cracking gas, thus avoids the problem producing pyrolysis oil dust-laden, and the clean and effective being truly realized Fossil fuel utilizes.Additionally, two kinds of operations can be carried out in a body of heater, unite two into one, save construction cost and floor space, and, this reactor have employed heat accumulation type radiant tube heating technique and heats without gas, solid heat carrier, simplifies system process while improve the thermal efficiency of reactor.
According to embodiments of the invention, described grain bed dust arrester is positioned on the side of side, pyrolysis chamber and arranges the pore area with multiple hole, the bottom surface that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at side, pyrolysis chamber is provided with dust outlet, and the side surface upper part that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at cracking room side is provided with for described dust arrester is carried out the blow valve port of blowback, bottom is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet.
According to embodiments of the invention, described grain bed dust arrester is embedded in described opening.
According to embodiments of the invention, the thickness of described heat insulation brick wall is 50-150mm；The height of described grain bed dust arrester is 200-2000mm, and width is 100-500mm.
According to embodiments of the invention, the height of described pore area is 150-1500mm, a diameter of 1-30mm in described hole.
According to embodiments of the invention, it is inclined design that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at the top of side, pyrolysis chamber.
According to embodiments of the invention, described grain bed dust arrester is built with filter medium high for 1mm-20mm.
According to embodiments of the invention, described filter medium is perlite, sandstone or spherical ceramic particles.
According to embodiments of the invention, hopper is connected with described charging aperture by feed arrangement.
According to embodiments of the invention, farther including semicoke outlet, the outlet of described semicoke is arranged on the bottom of described pyrolysis chamber, and the outlet of described semicoke is connected with described semicoke conveyer device.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1) reactor is divided into pyrolysis chamber and cracking room, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, and can carry out deep pyrolytic at cracking room, the tar molecules of macromole is cracked into the gaseous hydrocarbons of little molecule, fuel gas productivity is high, it is to avoid the problem of pyrolysis oil dust-laden, and the clean and effective being truly realized Fossil fuel utilizes.
2) two kinds of operations can be carried out in a body of heater, unite two into one, save construction cost and floor space.
3) pyrolysis gas calorific value is high, quality better.
4) taking heat accumulation type radiant tube heat supply, response system simple in construction, easy to operate, uniformity of temperature profile, heats is good.
5) being provided with grain bed dust arrester at pyrolysis chamber's oil gas vent, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, after grain bed dust arrester dedusting, clean oil gas enters back into cracking room and carries out deep pyrolytic, reduces rear end dedusting pressure, generates clean gas.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is from the pyrolysis of dedusting type and the structure chart of cracking reactor.
Fig. 2 is the front view that the present invention is provided with the heat insulation brick wall of grain bed dust arrester.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of grain bed dust arrester of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, hopper；2, feed arrangement；3, pyrolysis chamber；310, cracking gas outlet；320, charging aperture；330, semicoke outlet；340, heat accumulation type radiant tube；4, cracking room；5, heat insulation brick wall；510, communication member；6, semicoke conveyer device；7, fuel gas inlet；8, exhanst gas outlet；9, air intake；10, source of the gas；11, grain bed dust arrester；111, blow valve port；112, pyrolysis gas outlet；113, dust outlet；114, pore area.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make those skilled in the art be more fully understood that technical scheme, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.The embodiments described below is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.In embodiment, unreceipted concrete technology or condition, according to the technology described by the document in this area or condition or carried out according to product description.
nullAccording to an aspect of the present invention，The invention provides a kind of from the pyrolysis of dedusting type and cracking reactor，Fig. 1 is that this is from the pyrolysis of dedusting type and the structure chart of cracking reactor，As shown in Figure 1，Reactor includes charging aperture 320、Pyrolysis chamber 3、Cracking room 4、Cracking gas outlet 310、Heat accumulation type radiant tube 340、Heat insulation brick wall 5、Communication member 510 and grain bed dust arrester 11，Wherein，Described charging aperture is arranged on the roof of described pyrolysis chamber，The outlet of described cracking gas is arranged on the sidewall of described cracking room，Described heat insulation brick wall is vertically through in reactor，The inner space of reactor is separated into pyrolysis chamber and cracking room,Described communication member is arranged on described heat insulation brick wall，Pyrolysis chamber is connected with cracking room，Preferably，Described communication member is arranged on the bottom of heat insulation brick wall，The oil gas that pyrolysis chamber is produced，Pass through communication member，It is passed into cracking room.Grain bed dust arrester is fixing with the described opening of described heat insulation brick wall to be connected, and for the oil gas produced described pyrolysis chamber, by described grain bed dust arrester, is passed into described cracking room.
Inventor finds, the system structure of this reactor according to embodiments of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, enter grain bed dust arrester, after grain bed dust arrester dedusting, clean oil gas enters back into cracking room and carries out deep pyrolytic, reduce rear end dedusting pressure, the tar molecules of macromole is cracked into the gaseous hydrocarbons of little molecule, this reactor can produce substantial amounts of cracking gas, thus avoids the problem producing pyrolysis oil dust-laden, and the clean and effective being truly realized Fossil fuel utilizes.Heat without gas, solid heat carrier additionally, this reactor have employed heat accumulation type radiant tube heating technique, while improve the thermal efficiency of reactor, simplify system process.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the concrete kind and the particle diameter that are applicable to the pyrolysis material of this reactor are not particularly limited, according to embodiments of the invention, pyrolysis material can be oil shale, the Fossil fuels such as coal, can also be rubbish, mud, junked tire etc., pyrolysis material can be that block pyrolysis material can also be for little particle pyrolysis material, in some currently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis material that this reactor uses is particle diameter 20mm particles below and powdery Fossil fuel, thus, little particle pyrolysis material can be made full use of, resource utilization is high, and can solve the problem that the problem that bulk deposition pollutes environment.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the type of furnace being applicable to this reactor is not particularly limited, can be thermal storage type moving bed can also be other type, such as non-heat accumulating type or non-moving type etc., as long as pyrolysis chamber and cracking room can be divided into by the integration of heat insulation brick wall.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, heat insulation brick wall is arranged in reactor, preferably, it is positioned at the 2/3 of reactor transverse width, the thickness of heat insulation brick wall is 50-150mm, heat insulation brick wall is vertically through in reactor, the inner space of reactor is separated into pyrolysis chamber and cracking room, this structure makes to be provided with pyrolysis chamber and cracking room in a body of heater, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, enter grain bed dust arrester, after grain bed dust arrester dedusting, clean oil gas enters back into cracking room and carries out deep pyrolytic, reduce rear end dedusting pressure, the tar molecules of macromole is cracked into the gaseous hydrocarbons of little molecule, produce substantial amounts of cracking gas, thus avoid the problem producing pyrolysis oil dust-laden.Further, two kinds of operations can be carried out in a body of heater, unite two into one, save construction cost and floor space.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the concrete kind of communication member is not particularly limited, as long as can be connected with cracking room pyrolysis chamber, thus the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces is passed into cracking room.In some embodiments of the invention, Fig. 1 is this structure chart from the pyrolysis of dedusting type with cracking reactor, as it is shown in figure 1, this reactor also includes communication member, communication member can be on insulating brick wall longitudinal length, is positioned at the opening of lower position.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, Fig. 1 is that this is from the pyrolysis of dedusting type and the structure chart of cracking reactor, as shown in Figure 1, this reactor also includes grain bed dust arrester 11, the side that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at described pyrolysis chamber extends horizontally and to described pyrolysis chamber, for the oil gas produced described pyrolysis chamber, by described grain bed dust arrester, it is passed into described cracking room.In some embodiments of the invention, when Fig. 2 is in terms of the from left to right of reactor, the front view of heat insulation brick wall, it is connected as in figure 2 it is shown, described grain bed dust arrester is fixing with the described opening of described heat insulation brick wall.Preferably, described grain bed dust arrester is embedded in the communication member of described opening part.Further, described grain bed dust arrester is positioned on the side of side, pyrolysis chamber and arranges the pore area 114 with multiple hole.Preferably, the height of described pore area is 150-1500mm, a diameter of 1-30mm in described hole.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the concrete structure of described grain bed dust arrester is not particularly limited, as long as the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces can be carried out dust removal process.In some embodiments of the invention, Fig. 3 is the structure chart of grain bed dust arrester of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the bottom surface that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at side, pyrolysis chamber is provided with dust outlet 113, and the side surface upper part that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at cracking room side is provided with for described dust arrester carries out the blow valve port 111 of blowback, bottom is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet 112.Preferably, described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at the top of side, pyrolysis chamber is inclined design, it is simple to pyrolysis material falls；Preferably, the height of described grain bed dust arrester is 200-2000mm, and width is 100-500mm.In some embodiments of the invention, the oil gas that pyrolysis produces, fixes the described grain bed dust arrester being connected, after carrying out dust removal process in pore area by brick wall lower openings heat insulation with reactor, obtain the pyrolysis gas of cleaning, enter into cracking room through pyrolysis gas outlet.When after plant running a period of time, nitrogen can be passed through blow valve port and grain bed dust arrester is carried out blowback, it is ensured that the dust removing effects of grain bed, the dust that blowback goes out is discharged from grain bed dust arrester lower left dust outlet or left side pore area, fall into pyrolysis chamber, cold slag spiral discharge.Thus, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, enter grain bed dust arrester, after dedusting, obtain the oil gas of cleaning, thus reduce rear end dedusting pressure.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, in described grain bed dust arrester, concrete kind and the size of filter medium are not particularly limited, as long as the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces can be carried out dust removal process effectively.In some embodiments of the invention, Fig. 3 is the structure chart of grain bed dust arrester of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, can be equipped with filter medium in described grain bed dust arrester, preferably, this filter medium can be the filter medium of high 1mm-20mm, preferably perlite, sandstone, spherical ceramic particles etc..
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, as it is shown in figure 1, described charging aperture is arranged on the roof on top, pyrolysis chamber, hopper 1 is connected with described charging aperture by feed arrangement 2；The concrete kind of feed arrangement is not particularly limited, as long as can be effectively delivered in reactor by the pyrolysis material in hopper.In some embodiments of the invention, feed arrangement can be star feeder or feed screw.Thereby, it is possible to realize the Automatic Conveying to pyrolysis material, conveying capacity is controlled, and device structure is simple, easy to operate.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, as it is shown in figure 1, reactor further comprises semicoke outlet 330, the outlet of described semicoke is arranged on the bottom of described pyrolysis chamber, and the outlet of described semicoke is connected with described semicoke conveyer device 6.Thus, it is possible to utilize semicoke conveyer device to be carried by the semicoke obtained in reactor.The concrete kind of semicoke conveyer device 6 is not particularly limited, and includes but not limited to star or feed screw.Thereby, it is possible to realize the Automatic Conveying to semicoke, and conveying capacity is controlled, and device structure is simple, easy to operate.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, described inside reactor has multilamellar to be arranged in the heat accumulation type radiant tube within described pyrolysis chamber and described cracking room along the short transverse of described reactor, and every layer of heat accumulation type radiant tube can include the heat accumulation type radiant tube of multiple parallel to each other and horizontally spaced distribution.According to embodiments of the invention, in described pyrolysis chamber and cracking room, distributed at least described heat accumulation type radiant tube respectively, it is preferred that described at least heat accumulation type radiant tube is uniformly distributed.Heat accumulation type radiant tube can be effective to heat the oil gas in pyrolysis material and cracking room so that it is carries out being pyrolyzed and cracking reaction, specifically, can be passed through combustible gas and air in heat accumulation type radiant tube, makes combustible gas burning realize the heating function to pyrolysis material.This equipment uses heat accumulation type radiant tube heating technique, without gas, solid heat carrier heating, pyrolysis gas will not be diluted, and calorific value is high, and reactor temperature is evenly distributed, surface temperature difference is little, exhaust gas temperature is low, and the thermal efficiency is high, simplifies system process while improve the thermal efficiency of reactor, response system simple in construction, easy to operate.
In described reactor, pyrolysis material moves from top to bottom, and pyrolysis material can be broken up and make it be uniformly distributed by the heat accumulation type radiant tube arranged in described reactor, and pyrolysis material stops 1-50 minute the most from top to bottom, and is heated to 500-600 DEG C.According to embodiments of the invention, the shape of heat accumulation type radiant tube is not particularly limited, and in some embodiments of the invention, can be cylindrical, is thus conducive to breaing up of pyrolysis material, it is achieved mixed pyrolysis material in the reactor dispersed.The level interval of radial canal is 200-500mm, and vertical interval is 200-700mm, and the radial canal number of plies is 10-25 layer, and reactor width is 2-6m, and height for reactor is 3-20m.Additionally, heat accumulation type radiant tube can be the unidirectional heat accumulation type radiant tube being evenly arranged, the temperature of tube wall can control 450-1000 DEG C of scope by gas control valve, heat accumulation type radiant tube can take the combustion system periodically commutated, the surface temperature difference making single heat accumulation type radiant tube only has about 30 DEG C, do not have district of localized hyperthermia, thus, to be conducive to improving the thermal efficiency.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, described reactor is provided with fuel gas inlet 7, air intake 9 and exhanst gas outlet 8, wherein, fuel gas inlet and exhanst gas outlet are connected with heat accumulation type radiant tube respectively, it is respectively used to be passed through combustible gas and discharge flue gas, air intake is connected with source of the gas 10 and heat accumulation type radiant tube respectively, for being passed through in heat accumulation type radiant tube by the air that source of the gas produces.
In another aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method utilizing foregoing reactor to carry out being pyrolyzed and cracking.According to embodiments of the invention, the method may comprise steps of:
A. pyrolysis material is joined in described reactor by the charging aperture on reactor top, in the pyrolysis chamber of described reactor, complete pyrolytic process.Wherein, the described pyrolysis material charging aperture from reactor top joins reactor, and is broken up by the heat accumulation type radiant tube in reactor, and pyrolysis char exports from the semicoke of reactor bottom and discharges, and discharges through semicoke conveyer device (preferably conveying worm).
According to embodiments of the invention, concrete kind and the particle diameter of pyrolysis material are not particularly limited, pyrolysis material can be the Fossil fuel such as oil shale, coal, can also be rubbish, mud, junked tire etc., pyrolysis material can be that block pyrolysis material can also be for little particle pyrolysis material, in some currently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis material that this reactor uses is particle diameter 20mm particles below and powdery Fossil fuel, thus, little particle pyrolysis material can be made full use of, resource utilization is high, and can solve the problem that the problem that bulk deposition pollutes environment.
According to embodiments of the invention, pyrolysis material can be broken up and make it be uniformly distributed by the heat accumulation type radiant tube arranged in the pyrolysis chamber of reactor, pyrolysis material stops 1-50 minute the most from top to bottom, pyrolysis material is heated to 500-600 DEG C by the heat accumulation type radiant tube in reactor pyrolysis chamber, specifically, can be 500-700 DEG C by the temperature of gas valve control heat accumulation type radiant tube tube wall, pyrolysis material is heated to the most rapidly 500-600 DEG C, completes pyrolytic process.
B. being pyrolyzed the oil gas of generation, by the communication member arranged on the heat insulation brick wall of described reactor, enter grain bed dust arrester, after grain bed dust arrester dedusting, clean oil gas enters back into the cracking room of described reactor.
According to embodiments of the invention, heat insulation brick wall is arranged in reactor, preferably, it is positioned at the 2/3 of reactor transverse width, the thickness of heat insulation brick wall is 50-150mm, heat insulation brick wall is vertically through in reactor, the inner space of reactor is separated into pyrolysis chamber and cracking room, this structure makes to be provided with pyrolysis chamber and cracking room in a body of heater, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, enter grain bed dust arrester, after grain bed dust arrester dedusting, clean oil gas enters back into cracking room and carries out deep pyrolytic, reduce rear end dedusting pressure, the tar molecules of macromole is cracked into the gaseous hydrocarbons of little molecule.Thus, two kinds of operations can be carried out in a body of heater, unite two into one, save construction cost and floor space.According to embodiments of the invention, communication member can be on insulating brick wall longitudinal length, is positioned at the opening of lower position.Grain bed dust arrester described in grain bed dust arrester is fixing with the described opening of described heat insulation brick wall to be connected, and the side that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at described pyrolysis chamber extends horizontally and to described pyrolysis chamber, for the oil gas that described pyrolysis chamber is produced, by described grain bed dust arrester, it is passed into described cracking room.Concrete, described grain bed dust arrester is positioned on the side of side, pyrolysis chamber and arranges the pore area with multiple hole, the bottom surface that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at side, pyrolysis chamber is provided with dust outlet, and the side surface upper part that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at cracking room side is provided with for described dust arrester is carried out the blow valve port of blowback, bottom is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet.Preferably, the height of described grain bed dust arrester is 200-2000mm, and width is 100-500mm, and the height of described pore area is 150-1500mm, a diameter of 1-30mm in described hole；Preferably, described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at the top of side, pyrolysis chamber is inclined design, it is simple to pyrolysis material falls；Preferably, described grain bed dust arrester built with filter medium high for 1mm-20mm, preferably perlite, sandstone, spherical ceramic particles etc..In some embodiments of the invention, the oil gas that pyrolysis produces, fixes the described grain bed dust arrester being connected, after carrying out dust removal process in pore area by brick wall lower openings heat insulation with reactor, obtain the pyrolysis gas of cleaning, enter into cracking room through pyrolysis gas outlet.When after plant running a period of time, nitrogen can be passed through blow valve port and grain bed dust arrester is carried out blowback, it is ensured that the dust removing effects of grain bed, the dust that blowback goes out is discharged from grain bed dust arrester lower left dust outlet or left side pore area, fall into pyrolysis chamber, cold slag spiral discharge.Thus, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, enter grain bed dust arrester, after dedusting, obtain the oil gas of cleaning, thus reduce the dedusting pressure of subsequent technique.
C. clean oil gas completes thermal cracking processes in described cracking room, produces cracking gas.
According to embodiments of the invention, in described cracking room, distributed at least described heat accumulation type radiant tube, it is preferred that described at least heat accumulation type radiant tube is uniformly distributed.The oil gas that heat accumulation type radiant tube can be effective to cracking is indoor heats so that it is carry out cracking reaction.Concrete, clean oil gas is heated to 650-900 DEG C by the heat accumulation type radiant tube in reactor cracking room, specifically, can be 450-1000 DEG C by the temperature of gas valve control heat accumulation type radiant tube tube wall, clean oil gas is heated to the most rapidly 650-900 DEG C, complete thermal cracking processes, thus, the tar molecules of macromole is cracked into the gaseous hydrocarbons of little molecule, produces substantial amounts of cracking gas, the problem avoiding pyrolysis oil dust-laden, the clean and effective being truly realized Fossil fuel utilizes.
The most described cracking gas is discharged by cracking gas outlet.
According to embodiments of the invention, cracking gas outlet is arranged on the sidewall on reactor cracking room top, and it can be connected (not shown), such as spray column, fuel cartridge etc. with outside gas treatment and collection device.For purifying and collecting cracked gas, to prepare LNG or LPG.
Inventor finds, the method according to embodiments of the present invention, the oil gas that pyrolysis chamber produces, enter grain bed dust arrester, after grain bed dust arrester dedusting, clean oil gas enters back into cracking room and carries out deep pyrolytic, reduce rear end dedusting pressure, the tar molecules of macromole is cracked into the gaseous hydrocarbons of little molecule, this reactor can produce substantial amounts of cracking gas, thus avoid the problem producing pyrolysis oil dust-laden, the clean and effective being truly realized Fossil fuel utilizes, simultaneously, two kinds of operations can be carried out in one body of heater, unite two into one, save construction cost and floor space.
Utilizing and process Korea's oil shale from the pyrolysis of dedusting type and cracking reactor, the basic data of raw material is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Korea's oil shale basic data
Utilizing this reactor for treatment Korea oil shale, the gas products productivity obtained is 16%, the factor of created gase obtained by being pyrolyzed far above laboratory aluminum rice steamer, and pyrolytic tar almost all is cracked into gaseous products, and factor of created gase is high.Cracking gas calorific value is up to 5000kcal/m3, quality is high, goes out dust content in the cracking gas of reactor and is less than 3%.
In describing the invention, it is to be understood that term " first ", " second " are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that instruction or hint relative importance or the implicit quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, define " first ", the feature of " second " can express or implicitly include one or more this feature.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " is installed ", " being connected ", " connection ", the term such as " fixing " should be interpreted broadly, and connects for example, it may be fixing, it is also possible to be to removably connect, or integral；Can be to be mechanically connected, it is also possible to be electrical connection；Can be to be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, can be connection or the interaction relationship of two elements of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood as the case may be.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, fisrt feature second feature " on " or D score can be that the first and second features directly contact, or the first and second features are by intermediary mediate contact.And, fisrt feature second feature " on ", " top " and " above " but fisrt feature directly over second feature or oblique upper, or be merely representative of fisrt feature level height higher than second feature.Fisrt feature second feature " under ", " lower section " and " below " can be fisrt feature immediately below second feature or obliquely downward, or be merely representative of fisrt feature level height less than second feature.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means that the specific features, structure, material or the feature that combine this embodiment or example description are contained at least one embodiment or the example of the present invention.In this manual, what the schematic representation to above-mentioned term was not necessarily referring to is identical embodiment or example.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can be to combine in one or more embodiments in office or example in an appropriate manner.Additionally, in the case of the most conflicting, the feature of the different embodiments described in this specification or example and different embodiment or example can be combined and combine by those skilled in the art.
Although above it has been shown and described that embodiments of the invention, it is understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, it is not considered as limiting the invention, above-described embodiment can be changed, revises, replace and modification, simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention, according to the thought of the application, the most all will change.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is pyrolyzed and cracking reactor from dedusting type, exporting including charging aperture, pyrolysis chamber, cracking room and cracking gas, described charging aperture is arranged on the roof of described pyrolysis chamber, and the outlet of described cracking gas is arranged on the sidewall of described cracking room, it is characterized in that, also include:
Heat accumulation type radiant tube, described heat accumulation type radiant tube is along the short transverse multi-tier arrangement of described reactor inside described pyrolysis chamber and described cracking room, and every layer has the many described heat accumulation type radiant tubes arranged in the horizontal direction；
Heat insulation brick wall, described heat insulation brick wall is arranged at the 2/3 of described reactor transverse width, vertically through in described reactor, the inner space of described reactor is separated into described pyrolysis chamber and described cracking room；
Communication member, described communication member is on described heat insulation brick wall longitudinal length, is positioned at the opening of lower position, for being connected with described cracking room described pyrolysis chamber；
Grain bed dust arrester, described grain bed dust arrester is fixing with the described opening of described heat insulation brick wall to be connected, and the side that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at described pyrolysis chamber extends horizontally and to described pyrolysis chamber, for the oil gas that described pyrolysis chamber is produced, by described grain bed dust arrester, it is passed into described cracking room.
Reactor the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described grain bed dust arrester is positioned on the side of side, pyrolysis chamber and arranges the pore area with multiple hole, the bottom surface that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at side, pyrolysis chamber is provided with dust outlet, and the side surface upper part that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at cracking room side is provided with for described dust arrester is carried out the blow valve port of blowback, bottom is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet.
Reactor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described grain bed dust arrester is embedded in described opening.
4. according to the reactor according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the thickness of described heat insulation brick wall is 50-150mm；The height of described grain bed dust arrester is 200-2000mm, and width is 100-500mm.
Reactor the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the height of described pore area is 150-1500mm, a diameter of 1-30mm in described hole.
6. according to the reactor according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that it is inclined design that described grain bed dust arrester is positioned at the top of side, pyrolysis chamber.
7. according to the reactor according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that described grain bed dust arrester is built with filter medium high for 1mm-20mm.
8. according to the reactor described in claim 7, it is characterised in that described filter medium is perlite, sandstone or spherical ceramic particles.
9. according to the reactor according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that hopper is connected with described charging aperture by feed arrangement.
10. according to the reactor according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that farther include semicoke outlet, the outlet of described semicoke is arranged on the bottom of described pyrolysis chamber, and the outlet of described semicoke is connected with described semicoke conveyer device.
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