CN105876735A - Sennoside containing plant salt and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sennoside containing plant salt and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105876735A CN105876735A CN201610242032.1A CN201610242032A CN105876735A CN 105876735 A CN105876735 A CN 105876735A CN 201610242032 A CN201610242032 A CN 201610242032A CN 105876735 A CN105876735 A CN 105876735A
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
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- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/73—Rosaceae (Rose family), e.g. strawberry, chokeberry, blackberry, pear or firethorn
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Abstract
The present invention provides sennoside containing plant salt. The plant salt contains the following components: suaeda salsa extract, nostoc flagelliforme powder, rhizoma chuanxiong powder, wax gourd powder, raspberry extract, shii-take extract, and sennoside. A preparation method of the sennoside containing plant salt comprises a suaeda salsa extract preparing step. The suaeda salsa extract preparing step comprises the steps of raw material crushing, enzymatic hydrolyzing, heavy metal removing, and edible salt co-crystallizing. The beneficial effects are as follows: the plant salt has a significant swelling diminishing effect. The plant salt is used to conduct a mouse toe swelling diminishing experiment. At 6 h of the experiment, the swelling degree of the mouse toes of the mice fed by the plant salt is only 49.1-57.9% of the swelling degree of the mouse toes of the mice not fed by the plant salt. The plant salt can significantly improve patients' symptoms of morbid leucorrhoea and gonorrhea, and the improvement effective rate of the morbid leucorrhoea is 85-93% and the improvement effective rate of the gonorrhea is 92-96%. The plant salt can significantly improve patients' symptoms of dermatophytosis and the improvement effective rate of the dermatophytosis is 89%-95%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant salt extractive technique field, be specifically related to a kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus and preparation thereof
Method.
Background technology
Senna Fructus is dianthrone analog derivative in Chinese medicine Folium Sennae, is the live part that in Folium Sennae, content is higher, also
Be under Folium Sennae is rushed down, the main active of hemostasis.It is mainly derived from leguminous plant narrow leaf Senna fruit or the leaf of cassia acutifolia Delile.
Research both at home and abroad shows, the pharmacological action of Senna Fructus mainly has discharge function；Haemostatic effect, to stomach, 12 fingers
Enterorrhagia is effective, and Folium Sennae is administered orally, and can just platelet count and fibrinogen content increase, clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time,
Blood plasma recalcification time and clot retration time shorten；Antibacterial action, Folium Sennae immersion has inhibitory action to various bacteria, such as large intestine
Bacillus, Bacillus proteus, dysentery bacterium, alpha streptococcus and Candida albicans and some pathogenic dermatophytes.
Inflammation, it is simply that " inflammation " described in people at ordinary times is body for a kind of defense reaction stimulated, show as red,
Swollen, hot, bitterly.Inflammation, can be to infect the infective inflammation caused, it is also possible to be not due to infect the non-infectious inflammation caused
Disease.Under normal circumstances, inflammation is useful, is the automatic defense reaction of human body, but sometimes, inflammation is also harmful
, such as to the attack of human body autologous tissue, there is the inflammation etc. in hyaline tissue.
Treat drug main nonsteroidal to be had and the steroid of inflammation at present.Non-steroidal drug includes: aspirin, right
Acetylamino sweet smell, diclofenac, indometacin (indomethacin), ibuprofen, fenbufen, etc..Steroid is exactly mainly adrenal gland
Corticosteroids medicine, i.e. glucocorticoid.
The drug main for the treatment of inflammation to have the disadvantage that at present
(1) effect DeGrain to patient's detumescence；
(2) symptom of patient's leukorrhagia, nebulousurine is not obviously improved；
(3) the tinea pedis symptom of patient is not obviously improved.
Summary of the invention
For solving technical problem present in prior art, the present invention provide a kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus and
Preparation method, to realize following goal of the invention:
1, plant salt of the present invention has effect of significantly detumescence；
2, after edible plant salt of the present invention, hence it is evident that improve the leukorrhagia of patient, nebulousurine symptom；
3, after edible plant salt of the present invention, hence it is evident that improve the tinea pedis symptom of patient.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
A kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus,
Described plant salt includes following components: Suaeda salsa extract, powder of delivering vegetables, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power, white gourd powder, Fructus Rubi extract,
Lentinus Edodes extract, Senna Fructus.
The following is and the further of technique scheme is improved:
The component of described plant salt, in parts by weight, content is:
Suaeda salsa extract 100～120 parts, deliver vegetables powder 2.3～3.4 parts, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power 3～4 parts, white gourd powder 5～8 parts, cover basin
Seed extract 0.4～0.9 part, Lentinus Edodes extract 1.2～2.3 parts, Senna Fructus 0.2～0.4 part.
The component of described plant salt, in parts by weight, content is:
Suaeda salsa extract 110 parts, 2.8 parts of powder of delivering vegetables, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power 3.5 parts, white gourd powder 7 parts, Fructus Rubi extract 0.6 part,
Lentinus Edodes extract 1.8 parts, Senna Fructus 0.3 part.
Described Suaeda salsa extract: sodium chloride content is 39.2%, aspartate content is 124.5mg/g, vitamin
A content is 31.1mg/g, and thiamine content is 13.6mg/g.
Described Fructus Rubi extract: raspberry ketone content is 5%, the brown ceramic powder of 80 mesh, loss on drying≤5%, ash <
5%, content of beary metal ＜ 20ppm.
Described Lentinus Edodes extract: lentinan content is 30%, fineness is 100 mesh, and moisture is 9%；
Described Senna Fructus: active constituent content is 42%.
The preparation method of a kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus, described preparation method includes that preparing Suaeda salsa extracts
Thing step；
Described prepare Suaeda salsa extract step include that raw material is broken, enzymolysis, removing heavy-metal and edible salt cocrystallization step
Suddenly.
Described enzymolysis: using cellulase and pectase to carry out Enzymolysis, the dosage of cellulase is 0.6 ~ 0.7U/
G, the dosage of pectase is 6 ~ 7U/g, extraction temperature 37 DEG C, and extraction time is 80min.
Described removing heavy-metal: use microbial adsorbent removing heavy-metal；Described microbial adsorbent includes chitin 5
Part, carrageenan 4 parts, bread mold mycopowder 0.3 part, Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycopowder 0.5 part, the mould mycopowder of white rot shield shell 0.4 part.
Described with edible salt cocrystallization: the saturated nacl aqueous solutions of 100 DEG C to be cooled to 80 DEG C with 2.5 DEG C/min, adds
Entering Suaeda salsa extracting solution, Suaeda salsa extracting solution addition is 5.5 times of saturated nacl aqueous solution quality；Mixed solution is put
Entering in 72～76 DEG C of water-baths, be evaporated under reduced pressure, control pressure is 0.03MPa.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
1, plant salt of the present invention has effect of significantly detumescence, carries out the detumescence experiment of mice toes, and during 6h, mice toes is swollen
Expansibility is only and does not eats the 49.1～57.9% of plant salt mice of the present invention；
2, after edible plant salt of the present invention, hence it is evident that improve the leukorrhagia of patient, nebulousurine symptom, improve the effective percentage of leukorrhagia be 85～
93%；The effective percentage improving nebulousurine is 92～96%；
3, after edible plant salt of the present invention, hence it is evident that improving the tinea pedis symptom of patient, the effective percentage improving tinea pedis is 89～95%；
4, edible plant salt of the present invention, without any uncomfortable ill symptoms.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific embodiment, the present invention is described, but the present invention is not merely defined in these embodiments.
The embodiment 1 one kinds plant salt containing Senna Fructus
Described plant salt includes the component of following weight portion:
Suaeda salsa extract 100 parts, 2.3 parts of powder of delivering vegetables, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power 3 parts, white gourd powder 5 parts, Fructus Rubi extract 0.4 part, perfume
Mushroom extract 1.2 parts, Senna Fructus 0.2 part；
Described Suaeda salsa extract: sodium chloride content is 39.2%, aspartate content is 124.5mg/g, and vitamin A contains
Amount is 31.1mg/g, and thiamine content is 13.6mg/g；
Described Fructus Rubi extract: raspberry ketone content is 5%, the brown ceramic powder of 80 mesh, loss on drying≤5%, ash < 5%,
Content of beary metal ＜ 20ppm；
Described Lentinus Edodes extract: lentinan content is 30%, fineness is 100 mesh, and moisture is 9%；
Described Senna Fructus: active constituent content is 42%.
The embodiment 2 one kinds plant salt containing Senna Fructus
Described plant salt includes the component of following weight portion:
Suaeda salsa extract 110 parts, 2.8 parts of powder of delivering vegetables, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power 3.5 parts, white gourd powder 7 parts, Fructus Rubi extract 0.6 part,
Lentinus Edodes extract 1.8 parts, Senna Fructus 0.3 part；
Described Suaeda salsa extract: sodium chloride content is 39.2%, aspartate content is 124.5mg/g, and vitamin A contains
Amount is 31.1mg/g, and thiamine content is 13.6mg/g；
Described Fructus Rubi extract: raspberry ketone content is 5%, the brown ceramic powder of 80 mesh, loss on drying≤5%, ash < 5%,
Content of beary metal ＜ 20ppm；
Described Lentinus Edodes extract: lentinan content is 30%, fineness is 100 mesh, and moisture is 9%；
Described Senna Fructus: active constituent content is 42%.
The embodiment 3 one kinds plant salt containing Senna Fructus
Described plant salt includes the component of following weight portion:
Suaeda salsa extract 120 parts, 3.4 parts of powder of delivering vegetables, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power 4 parts, white gourd powder 8 parts, Fructus Rubi extract 0.9 part, perfume
Mushroom extract 2.3 parts, Senna Fructus 0.4 part；
Described Suaeda salsa extract: sodium chloride content is 39.2%, aspartate content is 124.5mg/g, and vitamin A contains
Amount is 31.1mg/g, and thiamine content is 13.6mg/g；
Described Fructus Rubi extract: raspberry ketone content is 5%, the brown ceramic powder of 80 mesh, loss on drying≤5%, ash < 5%,
Content of beary metal ＜ 20ppm；
Described Lentinus Edodes extract: lentinan content is 30%, fineness is 100 mesh, and moisture is 9%；
Described Senna Fructus: active constituent content is 42%.
The preparation method of the embodiment 4 one kinds plant salt containing Senna Fructus
Comprise the following steps:
Step 1, prepare Suaeda salsa extract
A, raw material are broken
Select the period of maturation high-quality Suaeda salsa, in Suaeda salsa Mg content be 0.28mg/g, Pb content be 2.26mg/kg, Cd
Content is 0.07 mg/kg, and the content of As is 1.87 mg/kg, and the content of Cr is 4.32 mg/kg, and Cu content is 3.86 mg/
kg；
After plucking fresh Suaeda salsa, clean with clear water, be cut into the segment of 2～4；
The Suaeda salsa of chopping is crushed by juice extractor, method particularly includes: the Suaeda salsa of chopping is put into juice extractor, adds
Pot for solvent extraction is squeezed into pump after the water mixing of 1-2 times of quality volume of Suaeda salsa quality.
B, enzymolysis
Add cellulase and pectase carries out Enzymolysis: in pot for solvent extraction, add cellulase and pectase, obtain saline land alkali
Fluffy lixiviating solution；Enzyme dosage is that enzyme is lived and Suaeda salsa mass ratio, and the dosage of its cellulase is 0.6 ~ 0.7U/g, pectase
Dosage is 6 ~ 7U/g, extraction temperature 37 DEG C, and extraction time is 80min.
C, removing heavy-metal
Plant salt extracting solution is heated to 85～90 DEG C, keeps 20min, be cooled to 30～32 DEG C；
Adding microbial adsorbent in Suaeda salsa extracting solution, addition is the 2～2.8% of extracting solution quality, extracting solution temperature
Controlling at 30～32 DEG C, 80rpm stirs 20～22 hours；
Described microbial adsorbent includes chitin 5 parts, carrageenan 4 parts, bread mold mycopowder 0.3 part, yellow archespore Mao Pingge
Bacterium mycopowder 0.5 part, the mould mycopowder of white rot shield shell 0.4 part；
Described bread mold mycopowder: containing bread mold 1.6 × 109Individual/g, carrier is potato starch；
Described Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycopowder: containing Phanerochaete chrysosporium 2.4 × 108Individual/g, carrier is corn starch；
The described white rot mould mycopowder of shield shell: containing white rot shield shell mould 1.2 × 108Individual/g, carrier is corn starch；
Mentioned microorganism is cultivated by strain cultural method routinely respectively and is prepared.
D, membrane filtration
Being filtered by filter membrane with the speed of 1～1.2 m/h by lixiviating solution, controlling pressure reduction when filtering is 2～3KPa, mistake
Suaeda salsa extracting solution is obtained after filter；Described membrane filtration uses organic resin filter membrane, and the aperture of filter membrane is 3.8～4.2 μm.
E and edible salt cocrystallization
Prepare the saturated nacl aqueous solution of 100 DEG C, make solution be cooled to 80 DEG C with 2.5 DEG C/min；Add extracting solution, Suaeda salsa
Extracting solution addition is 5.5 times of saturated nacl aqueous solution quality；Mixed solution is made to be cooled to 50～60 DEG C；
Being placed in glass container by mixed solution, put in 72～76 DEG C of water-baths, be evaporated under reduced pressure, controlling pressure is
0.03MPa, available crystal grain shape Suaeda salsa extract after concentration；Preparing Suaeda salsa extract, wherein, sodium chloride contains
Amount is 39.2%, and aspartate content is 124.5mg/g, and vitamin A content is 31.1mg/g, and thiamine content is 13.6mg/g.
Step 2, prepare Fructus Rubi extract
A, making beating
Fructus Rubi fruit is cleaned；Put into juice extractor, add the water of 2 times of quality, break into serosity；Filter with 80 mesh filter screens, collect
Filtrate；
B, microwave-assisted extract
Filtrate is warming up to 75～78 DEG C, frequency be 2850MHz power be 10～12KW microwave condition under extract 140～
150min, obtains Fructus Rubi lixiviating solution；
C, activated carbon decolorizing
Being decoloured by activated-charcoal column by Fructus Rubi lixiviating solution, the bleaching temperature of lixiviating solution is 50～55 DEG C, controls lixiviating solution
Flow velocity is 3L/h, activated-charcoal column height 20cm, collects effluent；
D, concentration are dried
By effluent under the conditions of 150～160 DEG C, concentrate and dry, the Fructus Rubi extract obtained, prepared Fructus Rubi extract
Being the brown ceramic powder of 80 mesh, raspberry ketone content is 5%, moisture≤5%, ash < 5%, content of beary metal ＜ 20ppm.
Step 3, weighing
According to the formula of a kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus, weigh each raw material respectively.
Step 4, pulverizing
To deliver vegetables powder, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power, white gourd powder is respectively dried and no longer reduces to weight, and pulverizing is the powder of 500 mesh, after mixing,
800rpm stirs 20min；Obtain mixed-powder.
Step 5, mixing
Suaeda salsa extract is joined in agitator tank, add above-mentioned steps prepare mixed-powder, open stirring, described in stir
Mixing speed is 1200rpm, continuously stirred 15min；Add Fructus Rubi extract, Lentinus Edodes extract, Senna Fructus, after addition again
Stirring 15min；Stand 1.5h, blowing.
Percent in above-described embodiment, in addition to specified otherwise, for mass percent.
Result detects:
(1) the plant salt of the present invention impact on mice toes swelling
Take NIH mice 60, male and female half and half, be randomly divided into 4 groups, respectively matched group, experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and experimental group 3；
Experiment processes: matched group feed normal saline, three times a day, and each 5g；Experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 feed are originally
Invention plant salt, three times a day, each 5g, wherein, experimental group 1 eats the plant salt of embodiment 1, and experimental group 2 eats embodiment 2
Plant salt, experimental group 3 eats the plant salt of embodiment 3；
Edible plant salt of the present invention is after 10 days, by carrageenin 0.1ml of every mice left front toes subcutaneous injection 1wt%, 2,
4, survey mice toes volume after 6 hours, calculate swelling, the results are shown in Table 1；
The sufficient volume (ml) before sufficient volume (ml)-swelling after swelling (ml)=swelling
The swelling of table 1 mice toes
From table 1, during experiment 2h, the swelling of experimental mice toes is only the 53.6～66.7% of matched group, during experiment 4h
The swelling of experimental mice toes is only the 56.1～68.3% of matched group, the swelling of experimental mice toes during experiment 6h
It is only the 49.1～57.9% of matched group；Illustrate that plant salt of the present invention has effect of significantly detumescence.
(2) choose 300 and have leukorrhagia, nebulousurine, the volunteer of tinea pedis disease, carry out the test-meal experiment of product of the present invention；
Volunteer is randomly divided into 3 groups；It is respectively experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and experimental group 3, often 100 female volunteers of group；Three
Group volunteer's age between 32～36 years old, health no significant difference；Before Shi Yong, volunteer all has leukorrhagia, nebulousurine, tinea pedis
Symptom；
Volunteer eats plant salt of the present invention, and everyone is edible 7g/ days；Wherein, experimental group 1 eats the plant salt of embodiment 1, experiment
Group 2 eats the plant salt of embodiment 2, and experimental group 3 eats the plant salt of embodiment 3；
Test 14 days, to volunteer's follow-up investigation, with edible before compared with, patient's leukorrhagia, nebulousurine, the improvement situation of tinea pedis symptom are shown in
Table 2；
Table 2 patient's leukorrhagia, nebulousurine, the improvement situation of tinea pedis symptom
From table 2, after edible plant salt of the present invention, hence it is evident that improve the leukorrhagia of patient, nebulousurine, tinea pedis symptom, improve leukorrhagia
Effective percentage is 85～93%；The effective percentage improving nebulousurine is 92～96%；The effective percentage improving tinea pedis is 89～95%.
(3), through investigation, in all volunteers, edible plant salt of the present invention, without any uncomfortable ill symptoms.
Finally it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the present invention,
Although being described in detail the present invention with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, it still may be used
So that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments to be modified, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent.
All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. the plant salt containing Senna Fructus, it is characterised in that:
Described plant salt includes following components: Suaeda salsa extract, powder of delivering vegetables, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power, white gourd powder, Fructus Rubi extract,
Lentinus Edodes extract, Senna Fructus.
A kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The component of described plant salt, in parts by weight, content is:
Suaeda salsa extract 100～120 parts, deliver vegetables powder 2.3～3.4 parts, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power 3～4 parts, white gourd powder 5～8 parts, cover basin
Seed extract 0.4～0.9 part, Lentinus Edodes extract 1.2～2.3 parts, Senna Fructus 0.2～0.4 part.
A kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The component of described plant salt, in parts by weight, content is:
Suaeda salsa extract 110 parts, 2.8 parts of powder of delivering vegetables, Rhizoma Chuanxiong power 3.5 parts, white gourd powder 7 parts, Fructus Rubi extract 0.6 part,
Lentinus Edodes extract 1.8 parts, Senna Fructus 0.3 part.
A kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described Suaeda salsa extract: sodium chloride content is 39.2%, aspartate content is 124.5mg/g, and vitamin A contains
Amount is 31.1mg/g, and thiamine content is 13.6mg/g.
A kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described Fructus Rubi extract: raspberry ketone content is 5%, the brown ceramic powder of 80 mesh, loss on drying≤5%, ash < 5%,
Content of beary metal ＜ 20ppm.
A kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described Lentinus Edodes extract: lentinan content is 30%, fineness is 100 mesh, and moisture is 9%；
Described Senna Fructus: active constituent content is 42%.
7. the preparation method of the plant salt containing Senna Fructus, it is characterised in that: described preparation method includes preparing salt
Ground Herba suadeae glaucae extract step；
Described prepare Suaeda salsa extract step include that raw material is broken, enzymolysis, removing heavy-metal and edible salt cocrystallization step
Suddenly.
The preparation method of a kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:
Described enzymolysis: using cellulase and pectase to carry out Enzymolysis, the dosage of cellulase is 0.6 ~ 0.7U/g, really
The dosage of glue enzyme is 6 ~ 7U/g, extraction temperature 37 DEG C, and extraction time is 80min.
The preparation method of a kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:
Described removing heavy-metal: use microbial adsorbent removing heavy-metal；Described microbial adsorbent includes chitin 5 parts, angle
Fork algae polysaccharide 4 parts, bread mold mycopowder 0.3 part, Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycopowder 0.5 part, the mould mycopowder of white rot shield shell 0.4 part.
The preparation method of a kind of plant salt containing Senna Fructus the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:
Described with edible salt cocrystallization: the saturated nacl aqueous solutions of 100 DEG C are cooled to 80 DEG C with 2.5 DEG C/min, add salt
Ground Herba suadeae glaucae extracting solution, Suaeda salsa extracting solution addition is 5.5 times of saturated nacl aqueous solution quality；Mixed solution is put into 72
～in 76 DEG C of water-baths, be evaporated under reduced pressure, control pressure is 0.03MPa.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101040705A (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-26 | 孙贻超 | Functional health-care edible seepweed plant salt and the method for preparing the same |
| CN102551028A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-11 | 山东凯尔海洋生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing suaeda salsa biogenetic salt |
| CN104000166A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-08-27 | 中国农业大学 | Color function seasoning low-sodium liquid salt and preparing method thereof |
| CN105029347A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | High-nutrient plant salt with various flavoring functions and preparation method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-04-19 CN CN201610242032.1A patent/CN105876735A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101040705A (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-26 | 孙贻超 | Functional health-care edible seepweed plant salt and the method for preparing the same |
| CN102551028A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-11 | 山东凯尔海洋生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing suaeda salsa biogenetic salt |
| CN104000166A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-08-27 | 中国农业大学 | Color function seasoning low-sodium liquid salt and preparing method thereof |
| CN105029347A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | High-nutrient plant salt with various flavoring functions and preparation method thereof |
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