CN105874482B - 管理电解厂中物流流程的系统、包括该系统的铝冶炼厂、使用该系统的车辆及将该系统引入到现有电解厂中的方法 - Google Patents
管理电解厂中物流流程的系统、包括该系统的铝冶炼厂、使用该系统的车辆及将该系统引入到现有电解厂中的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105874482B CN105874482B CN201480058577.6A CN201480058577A CN105874482B CN 105874482 B CN105874482 B CN 105874482B CN 201480058577 A CN201480058577 A CN 201480058577A CN 105874482 B CN105874482 B CN 105874482B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- transport
- transport vehicle
- zone
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/32—Control or regulation of multiple-unit electrically-propelled vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/40—Adaptation of control equipment on vehicle for remote actuation from a stationary place
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P3/00—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/10—External supporting frames or structures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/40—Business processes related to the transportation industry
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1302483A FR3012389B1 (fr) | 2013-10-25 | 2013-10-25 | Systeme de gestion de flux logistiques d'une usine d'electrolyse, aluminerie comprenant ce systeme, vehicule pour la mise en oeuvre de ce systeme et procede d'implantation de ce systeme dans une usine d'electrolyse |
FR13/02483 | 2013-10-25 | ||
PCT/IB2014/002223 WO2015059557A1 (fr) | 2013-10-25 | 2014-10-23 | Système de gestion de flux logistiques d'une usine d'électrolyse, aluminerie comprenant ce système, véhicule pour la mise en oeuvre de ce système et procédé d'implantation de ce système dans une usine d'électrolyse préexistante |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105874482A CN105874482A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
CN105874482B true CN105874482B (zh) | 2020-10-23 |
Family
ID=50489127
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201480058577.6A Active CN105874482B (zh) | 2013-10-25 | 2014-10-23 | 管理电解厂中物流流程的系统、包括该系统的铝冶炼厂、使用该系统的车辆及将该系统引入到现有电解厂中的方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3061048B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN105874482B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2014338686B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2926896C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3012389B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2678763C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015059557A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018067110A (ja) * | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-26 | オムロン株式会社 | 無人搬送システム及び製品組み立てシステム |
CN109868488A (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 电解车间通廊运输车的安全运行系统 |
EP3793890B1 (fr) * | 2019-01-11 | 2022-10-26 | Dürr Systems AG | Système de convoyage, atelier de traitement, procédé de convoyage et/ou de traitement d'objets |
CN109969998A (zh) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-05 | 安徽意欧斯物流机器人有限公司 | 一种基于激光slam导航托盘搬运agv |
RU2768421C1 (ru) * | 2021-08-04 | 2022-03-24 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инжиниринг Строительство Обслуживание" | Машина для транспортировки анодных палет |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2138001A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-24 | Hans Schulte Kellinghaus | Methode et dispositif de remplacement des anodes dans une cellule d'electrolyse de l'aluminium par voie seche et comportant une recuperation thermique |
CN1419611A (zh) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-05-21 | 皮奇尼铝公司 | 生产铝的电解工厂的设备布置 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT328300B (de) * | 1973-07-24 | 1976-03-10 | Goldhofer Fahrzeugwerk Kg | Fahrzeug mit einer zugmaschine und einem anhanger |
BE830016A (fr) * | 1974-06-20 | 1975-10-01 | Vehicule de transport a chargement automatique | |
IT1183397B (it) * | 1985-02-21 | 1987-10-22 | Techmo Car Spa | Veicolo a motore per la completa movimentazione di siviere e similz, particolarmente di quelle impiegate per la prelevazione dell'alluminio e di leghe metalliche in genere |
DE4221882A1 (de) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-01-05 | Westfalia Becorit Ind Tech | Transportvorrichtung für heiße Restanoden |
RU5557U1 (ru) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-16 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Универсальные машины" | Малогабаритное, высокоманевренное транспортное средство для перевозки грузов |
FR2754832B1 (fr) | 1996-10-23 | 1998-11-27 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede de changement d'anodes usees de cuves d'electrolyse de l'aluminium et dispositif de captage des effluents gazeux permettant de le mettre en oeuvre |
DE19736101C2 (de) * | 1997-08-20 | 2002-06-06 | Bayosan Wachter Gmbh & Co Kg | Logistiksystem, insbesondere für Baustellen |
NO980430L (no) | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-02 | Norsk Hydro As | Fremgangsmåte og utstyr for håndtering av kullegemer og annet materiale |
NO315278B1 (no) | 2001-11-14 | 2003-08-11 | Norsk Hydro As | Fremgangsmåte for drift av et pre-bake elektrolysecelleanlegg, samt arrangement for benyttelse i samme |
ATE420802T1 (de) * | 2002-06-26 | 2009-01-15 | Jerry M Roane | Massentransportsystem |
US7654203B2 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2010-02-02 | The Texas A&M University System | Freight transportation system and method |
FR2874934B1 (fr) * | 2004-09-08 | 2007-09-07 | Ecl Soc Par Actions Simplifiee | Procede de changement d'anode dans une cellule de production d'aluminium par electrolyse incluant un ajustement de la position de l'anode et dispositif pour le mettre en oeuvre |
FR2886002B1 (fr) * | 2005-05-20 | 2007-09-21 | Olivo Sa | Conteneur isotherme et dispositif d'injection d'un refrigerant dans ce conteneur |
US8417591B2 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2013-04-09 | Sap Ag | Stock flow management system and method |
CN201231786Y (zh) | 2008-06-30 | 2009-05-06 | 徐子竣 | 一种铝厂用的阳极搬运车 |
FR2953223B1 (fr) | 2009-12-02 | 2012-01-27 | Alcan Int Ltd | Procede de changement d'une anode usee et support et systeme pour le stockage temporaire d'une telle anode usee |
WO2011127526A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-10-20 | Power Patents Pty Ltd | Camion de roulage à double articulation |
WO2015017922A1 (fr) | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Dispositif d' electrolyse et ensemble anodique destines a la production d'aluminium, cellule d' electrolyse et installation comportant un tel dispositif |
-
2013
- 2013-10-25 FR FR1302483A patent/FR3012389B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-10-23 WO PCT/IB2014/002223 patent/WO2015059557A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-10-23 CN CN201480058577.6A patent/CN105874482B/zh active Active
- 2014-10-23 EP EP14856216.8A patent/EP3061048B1/fr active Active
- 2014-10-23 CA CA2926896A patent/CA2926896C/fr active Active
- 2014-10-23 RU RU2016119954A patent/RU2678763C2/ru active
- 2014-10-23 AU AU2014338686A patent/AU2014338686B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2138001A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-24 | Hans Schulte Kellinghaus | Methode et dispositif de remplacement des anodes dans une cellule d'electrolyse de l'aluminium par voie seche et comportant une recuperation thermique |
CN1419611A (zh) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-05-21 | 皮奇尼铝公司 | 生产铝的电解工厂的设备布置 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
《Heavy-duty Automatic Guided Vehicles Primary Metal Material Handling》;DAIFUKU WEBB;《DAIFUKU WEBB》;20111231;第1-8页 * |
WIRELESS CHARGING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES: A REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTS;Chengbin Ma等;《Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2011》;20111231;第1-7页 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2016119954A3 (fr) | 2018-08-06 |
AU2014338686A1 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
EP3061048A4 (fr) | 2017-05-31 |
FR3012389A1 (fr) | 2015-05-01 |
FR3012389B1 (fr) | 2015-10-30 |
WO2015059557A1 (fr) | 2015-04-30 |
RU2016119954A (ru) | 2017-11-28 |
EP3061048B1 (fr) | 2018-10-10 |
CN105874482A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
EP3061048A1 (fr) | 2016-08-31 |
AU2014338686B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
RU2678763C2 (ru) | 2019-01-31 |
CA2926896C (fr) | 2021-12-07 |
CA2926896A1 (fr) | 2015-04-30 |
NZ718758A (en) | 2021-01-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105874482B (zh) | 管理电解厂中物流流程的系统、包括该系统的铝冶炼厂、使用该系统的车辆及将该系统引入到现有电解厂中的方法 | |
CN203512793U (zh) | 集装箱自动化码头装卸系统 | |
CN109572526B (zh) | 一种智能共享单车转运车 | |
CN205634670U (zh) | 无人桥式起重机智能自动运行控制系统 | |
CN104058261A (zh) | 集装箱自动化码头装卸系统和方法 | |
CN109368547A (zh) | 一种全向运动的叉车agv及在集装箱上的应用 | |
CN109283921B (zh) | 一种智能集装箱轨道平车控制系统及轨道平车 | |
CN108622145A (zh) | 一种悬挂式单轨机车运输系统 | |
CN111017804B (zh) | 一种智能移动转运系统及其转运方法 | |
CN111897320A (zh) | 一种井下无人驾驶运料车控制系统 | |
WO2020163920A1 (fr) | Améliorations concernant l'exploitation minière souterraine | |
KR20130030942A (ko) | 컨테이너 터미널 시스템 | |
US20210316953A1 (en) | Container terminal | |
CN113085917B (zh) | 一种轮-轨复合式无人驾驶井下连续运输车及其控制方法 | |
AU2014338685B2 (en) | Handling vehicle and electrolysis plant comprising said vehicle | |
CN111717845B (zh) | 叉车式agv布筐转运系统及其自动控制方法 | |
CN113120119A (zh) | 运储可分离自动驾驶物流系统及运行方法 | |
CN203178805U (zh) | 一种基于多信息融合的自动导航物流系统 | |
NZ718758B2 (en) | System for managing logistics flows in an electrolysis plant, aluminium smelter comprising the system, vehicle for using the system and method for introducing said system into a pre-existing electrolysis plant | |
CN201634380U (zh) | 阳极板自动转运车 | |
CN213262099U (zh) | 一种侧卸式纯电动无人驾驶矿用运输车 | |
CN216332396U (zh) | 运储可分离自动驾驶物流系统 | |
CN106585765A (zh) | 一种铁水自动转运机器人 | |
CN113467463A (zh) | 一种agv混凝土自卸汽车智能控制系统及控制方法 | |
CN106241409B (zh) | 半自动码头高速重载轨道及码头装卸系统布局 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |