CN105868869A - Dynamic distribution automation terminal layout optimization planning method taking reliability and economic cost of power supply into account - Google Patents
Dynamic distribution automation terminal layout optimization planning method taking reliability and economic cost of power supply into account Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a dynamic distribution automation terminal layout optimization planning method taking the reliability and economic cost of power supply into account. According to the method, fault indicators, voltage-time type terminals and voltage-current type terminals are installed on overhead lines, and fault indicators, two-remote terminals and three-remote terminals are installed on cables; the fault influence modes are determined according to the types of the automation terminals, zone nodes of a distribution network are partitioned by taking switches as boundaries, and the user annual mean fault power outage time is taken as an index for evaluating the power supply reliability; dynamic distribution automation terminal layout optimization planning models are built by taking the user annular mean fault power outage time as an optimization objective and taking the gross investment as the optimization objective respectively; programming is conducted with a JAVA language, distribution network data is read from an XML file, the zone nodes of the distribution network are partitioned by taking the switches as the boundaries, distribution topological information is stored by adopting an open-source graphic library JGraphT, optimization models of all the stages are solved by calling a universal algebra modeling system GAMS, and a BARON is selected as a solver.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is that a kind of distribution power automation terminal considering power supply reliability and financial cost is layouted the dynamic rule optimized
The method of drawing, relates to distribution terminal collocation method, belongs to distribution automation planning technical field.
Background technology
Distribution automation based on a rack and equipment, comprehensive communication, it is achieved the monitoring to power distribution network
With control, and by integrated with the information of related application system, it is achieved the scientific management of power distribution network；Distribution automation system is one
Item combines computer technology, modern communication technology, power system theory and the system engineering of automatic control technology；Through tens of
The development in year, distribution automation technology, achieved with significant progress, is to improve distribution network reliability, expansion for electric energy
Power, improve power supply quality, realize the important means of power distribution network high-efficiency and economic operation etc.；Constantly deep along with intelligent grid theory
Enter, distribution automation at intelligent distribution network fault location and isolation, power distribution network self-healing, distribution power flow dynamic optimization, improve and join
The aspects such as power grid asset utilization rate will play the most important central role.
Distribution automation can quickly detect and isolated fault, it is achieved load transfer, thus farthest reduces for some reason
Hinder the user's frequency of power cut and time caused, the important function improving distribution network reliability be need not go into the details；But just as it was previously stated,
Distribution automation combines multiple technologies and theory, its technical sophistication, disposes difficulty of construction greatly, and cost is high；Make the most as far as possible
Limited fund and resource are distributed rationally, configure according to Practical Project situation section stepwise, and ground of getting twice the result with half the effort fully is sent out
Wave the effect of distribution automation, be pendulum important topic in face of distribution network planning, construction and operations staff.
Power distribution automation (Distribution Automation, DA) is to improve power supply reliability, power supply quality and realization
The important means that power distribution network high-efficiency and economic runs, is also the important component part of intelligent grid, typically by distribution main website, distribution
Stand and distribution terminal forms；Distribution terminal (Distribution Automation Terminal Unit) is distribution automation
The basic component units of system, its performance and reliability directly influences whole system can and plays a role；Distribution is eventually
Block switch on end switching station in the medium voltage distribution network, post, ring main unit, distribution transformer, automatic circuit, circuit pressure regulator,
The supervision of reactive-load compensation capacitor and control, with distribution automation master station communication, it is provided that power distribution network runs and controls and needed for management
Data, perform main website be given distribution net equipment is adjusted control instruction.
Distribution terminal layer mainly includes the switching station terminal equipment (Distribution being arranged in switching station
Terminal Unit, DTU), and it is arranged on the Feeder Terminal Unit (Feeder at line looped network cabinet, on-pole switch
Terminal Unit, FTU), and it is arranged on box change, bar the Distribution transformer at the distribution transformer such as change
(distribution Transformer supervisory Terminal Unit, TTU)；They are responsible on collection post opening
The operation information of the controller switching equipments such as pass, on-load switch, distribution transformer is also forwarded to main website, and the distant place receiving main website controls life
Order, it is achieved the remote monitoring to controller switching equipment；Feeder automation (Feeder Automation, FA) is distribution power automation terminal
One of Core Feature, it is achieved to Distribution network fault automatic location, isolation and the service restoration in non-faulting region；1
1 on-pole switch can only be monitored by FTU, and several switches can be monitored by 1 DTU；" three is distant " of overhead feeder
Terminal module typically uses ca bin (FTU) to realize, and " three is distant " terminal module of cable feeder line typically uses station institute eventually
End unit (DTU) realizes, therefore built on stilts terminal both can be installed at on-pole switch, it is also possible to be installed on other positions of overhead feeder
Putting, the distribution terminal of cable is generally mounted in ring main unit.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of distribution power automation terminal considering power supply reliability and financial cost to layout
The dynamic programming method method optimized.
It is used in mixed way polytype distribution terminal, at trolley line, fault detector, voltage-time type terminal, voltage electricity is installed
Flow pattern terminal, installs fault detector, two distant terminals and three distant terminals at cable.
Fault Effect Mode is determined: (1) is for trolley line, the node j fault shadow to node i according to automatization terminal type
Sound can be divided into following 9 kinds of fault Effect Mode: unaffected pattern, trolley line tradition isolation mode, trolley line indicating fault
Device isolation mode, voltage-time type FTU isolation mode, voltage x current type FTU isolation mode, trolley line manually turn for pattern, frame
Ceases to be busy fault detector turns and turns turn for pattern for pattern, voltage x current type FTU for pattern, voltage-time type FTU；(2) for electricity
Cable, node j fault can be divided into following 9 kinds of fault Effect Mode to the impact of node i: unaffected pattern, cable tradition every
Manually turn for model, cable from model, cable fault indicator isolation mode, two distant isolation modes, three distant isolation modes, cable
Fault detector turns confession pattern, two distant turns of confession patterns, three distant turns of confession patterns；
Use JAVA language is programmed, and reads distribution data from XML file, saves with the region that switch is boundary demarcation power distribution network
Point, uses the shape library JGraphT storage distribution topology information increased income, with user's annual fault outage time for evaluating power supply
The index of reliability, sets up with user's annual fault outage time respectively as optimization aim with total investment as optimization aim
Distribution power automation terminal layout optimize dynamic programming model, use modeling GAMS solving model, solver is
BARON, obtains distribution terminal and layouts optimum results.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of programming realization.
Fig. 2 is the network topological diagram after the abbreviation of certain regional distribution network.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described further.
Consider that the distribution power automation terminal of power supply reliability and financial cost is layouted the dynamic programming method method optimized,
Distribution feeder is mapped to tree topology, and the feeder line that will be mutually related is mapped to multiple tree topology and is propped up by interconnection switch
The non-directed graph that road is formed by connecting, it is established that the Mathematical Modeling of distribution network；Based on distribution network Mathematical Modeling, set up given
Total investment optimizes reliability index and specifies the dynamic programming model of reliability index desired value optimization of investment, carries out towards confession
Electricity reliability and financial cost distribution terminal is optimized configuration, layout optimize result for distribution network automated transformation,
Reach to maximize the effect of reliability index with same investment, or reach desired reliability index with minimum investment.
One, use software kit javax.xml that the file of XML format is resolved, obtain the data that this method needs.
Two, after obtaining feeder line data, carry out Distributing network structure abbreviation based on switchgear, definition distribution network sets with switch
The standby sub-distribution network for boundary demarcation is an Area Node, thus Complicated Distribution Network is reduced to relatively simple node net
Network.
Three, using JGraphT to store distribution topology information, an Area Node is a summit.
Four, the dynamic programming model of foundation given total investment optimization reliability index:
(1) stage sum n, and specify the fund in each stage；
(2) state variable sk, skIt it is the set of the existing distribution terminal of whole system to the kth stage；
(3) decision variable xkAnd allow decision-making set Xk, xkIt is the distribution terminal set installed in the kth stage, XkIt is to meet this stage
The decision variable set of limited fund, xk∈Xk；
(4) state transition equation sk=sk-1+xk-1；
(5) recurrence relation of target function:
,
In formula: reliability index when u is original state, d (sk+xk) it is kth stage reliability index decrement, xk* it is kth
The optimizing decision in stage, fk*(sk,xk*) state in expression kth stage is skTime, the 1st Optimal reliability obtained to the kth stage
Index decrement.
Five, the dynamic programming model of foundation appointment reliability index desired value optimization of investment:
(1) stage sum n, and specify the fund in each stage；
(2) state variable sk, skIt it is the set of the existing distribution terminal of whole system to the kth stage；
(3) decision variable xkAnd allow decision-making set Xk, xkIt is the distribution terminal set installed in the kth stage, XkIt is to meet this stage
The decision variable set of the reliability index decrement desired value specified, xk∈Xk；
(4) state transition equation sk=sk-1+xk-1；
(5) recurrence relation of target function:
,
In formula: f0The amount of money spent when being * original state, m (sk+xk) it is the amount of money in kth stage, xk* be the kth stage
Excellent decision-making, fk*(sk,xk*) state in expression kth stage is skTime, the 1st to the kth stage minimum amount of money number spent.
Six, solve, such as Fig. 1；Call GAMS, solve given total investment and optimize reliability index and specify reliability index
The Optimized model in each stage in the dynamic programming model of desired value optimization of investment:
(1) stage model of reliability index is optimized
,
M is the investment amount given in this stage；The optimized variable of model is the distribution on the position of each distribution terminal to be installed
Terminal type, carrys out GC group connector type by fixing integer value during programming realization, is stored in column vector Y；Expression formula
As follows:
Y=[ylocation]T,
In formula: location is the position of distribution terminal to be installed, for overhead feeder, terminal is arranged at on-pole switch, right
In cable feeder line, terminal is arranged in ring main unit；Corresponding to not filling automatization terminal, aerial conductor fault indicator, voltage time
Type FTU, voltage x current type FTU, cable feeder line install fault detector, two distant DTU and three distant DTU, value corresponding respectively for y is 0,
1、2、3、4、5、6；This model is nonlinear mixed-integer programming model；
(2) stage model of optimization of investment total value is as follows:
,
In formula: ν is the reliability index desired value specified in this stage；
The state in each stage is plus the optimum results in this stage, it is simply that the state of next stage；So solve, until rank
Section terminates.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of programming realization；The present embodiment is with the network topology after the abbreviation of certain regional distribution network of Fig. 2
Studying as a example by figure, red node represents the net power supply source region node of feeder line, and blue limit is interconnection, and numeral is compiled
Number it is feeder line ID；Known device unit price and isolation/turn confession time such as table 1, power distribution network element failure rate and fault correction time are such as
Table 2.
Table 1 equipment unit price and isolation/turn confession time
Table 2 power distribution network element failure rate and fault correction time
(1) given gross investment total value 800,000 yuan, sets up dynamic programming model and the Optimized model in per stage, solves with GAMS
The Optimized model in each stage, result of calculation such as table 3；Table 4 is that the distribution power automation terminal that this method solves is layouted optimum results
Configuring condition stage by stage, be divided into 5 stages:
Table 3 optimizes the result of user's annual fault outage time
Table 4 output distribution terminal stage by stage is layouted optimum results-optimization user's annual fault outage time
(2) specifying user is 7.7895 h the annual fault outage time, and this value is the result of calculation in table 3, and result of calculation is such as
Table 5；The concrete distribution power automation terminal of the example that output total investment is minimum is layouted optimum results, such as table 6.
The result of calculation of table 5 optimization of investment total value
Table 6 output distribution terminal stage by stage is layouted optimum results-optimization of investment total value
Claims (7)
1. the distribution power automation terminal considering power supply reliability and financial cost is layouted the dynamic programming method side optimized
Method, it is characterised in that be used in mixed way polytype distribution terminal, reliable using user's annual fault outage time as evaluating
Property index, the concept of failure definition Effect Mode, set up and optimize reliability index and the two kinds of Dynamic Programmings of optimization of investment total value
Model, transforms according to given fund percentage section stepwise, uses JAVA language to be programmed realizing, reads from XML file
Distribution data, the Area Node being boundary demarcation power distribution network with switch, use the shape library JGraphT storage distribution topology increased income
Information, calls universal algebra modeling GAMS and solves the Optimized model in per stage, and the solver of selection is BARON.
The most according to claim 1 it is used in mixed way polytype distribution terminal, it is characterised in that install at overhead feeder
Fault detector, voltage-time type FTU and voltage x current type FTU, install fault detector, two distant DTU and three at cable feeder line
Distant DTU.
Index using user's annual fault outage time as evaluation power supply reliability the most according to claim 1, its
Being characterized by distribution terminal important function in terms of Fault Isolation, turn confession, reparation, this use user's annual fault is stopped
The electricity time, user was that the mean failure rate of each user in a year has a power failure the annual fault outage time as reliability evaluation index
Time, its computing formula is as follows:
,
In formula: NiFor the number of users of load area node i, uiFor the annual power off time of node i, n is load bus number；
Area Node divides with switch for boundary；uiComputing formula be:
ui=ui1+ui2,
In formula: ui1It is the fault outage time of one's respective area node, ui2When being the power failure that node i is affected by other Area Node fault
Between；
The fault outage time u of one's respective area nodei1Computing formula be:
ui1=λJKJ*rtJKJ+λJKL*rtJKL+λcable*rtcable+λtrans*rttrans,
In formula: λJKJIt is insulated overhead line fault rate, rtJKJIt is insulated overhead line repair time, λJKLIt it is overhead bare conductor event
Barrier rate, rtJKLIt is overhead bare conductor repair time, λcableIt is cable fault rate, rtcableIt is cable repair time, λtransIt is to join
Piezoelectric transformer fault rate, rttransIt it is distribution transformer repair time；Insulated overhead line, overhead bare conductor, cable and distribution become
The computing formula of the fault rate of depressor is respectively as follows:
λJKJ=ξJKJ*lJKJ,
λJKL=ξJKL*lJKL,
λcable=ξcable*lcable,
λtrans=ξtrans*ntrans,
In formula: ξJKJ、ξJKL、ξcableAnd ξtransBe respectively insulated overhead line failure rate, overhead bare conductor failure rate,
Cable failure rate and distribution transformer failure rate, the fault of every kilometer of circuit in the failure rate of circuit that is one year
Number of times, the number of stoppages of every transformer in transformer failure rate that is one year；lJKJ、lJKL、lcableIt is overhead insulating respectively
Circuit, overhead bare conductor, the length of cable, unit is kilometer, ntransIt it is the number of units of distribution transformer；
The power off time u that node i is affected by other Area Node faulti2Computing formula be:
,
In formula: Ω isolate-i is the set of the node having isolation effect to node i, namely node j fault, node i needs
Isolation；Ω transfer-i is the set having node i and turning the node for impact, namely node k fault, and node i needs to turn
Supply；Set omega isolate-i and Ω transfer-i can be calculated by load transfer optimization method；λj、λkIt is node respectively
The equivalent fault rate of j and k；tei(j-i)It is the isolated operation time, tetr(k-i)It is to turn for the operating time；E represents fault Effect Mode,
ei(j-i)It is the isolation mode of i, t after j faultetr(k-i)It is the turning for pattern of i after k fault.
Fault Effect Mode the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
(1) for trolley line, node j fault can be divided into following 9 kinds of fault Effect Mode to the impact of node i: unaffected
Pattern, trolley line tradition isolation mode, aerial conductor fault indicator isolation mode, voltage-time type FTU isolation mode, voltage electricity
Flow pattern FTU isolation mode, trolley line manually turn for pattern, aerial conductor fault indicator turns the pattern of confession, voltage-time type FTU turns confession
Pattern, voltage x current type FTU turn for pattern；
(2) for cable, node j fault can be divided into following 9 kinds of fault Effect Mode to the impact of node i: unaffected mould
Formula, cable tradition isolation model, cable fault indicator isolation mode, two distant isolation modes, three distant isolation modes, cable are manual
Turn for model, cable fault indicator turn for pattern, two distant turns for pattern, three distant turns for pattern；
If node j fault is on node i without impact, then node j fault is unaffected pattern to the fault Effect Mode of node i；
If node j fault, node i needs to isolate/turn confession, for trolley line (cable):
1. for adjacent Area Node i and j
If the switch endless monitoring between (a) two node, then node j fault to the fault Effect Mode of node i be traditional every
From/turn for pattern；
If b the switch between () two node is to be monitored by fault detector, then the node j fault fault Effect Mode to node i
For fault detector isolation/turn confession；
If c the switch between () two node is by the distant DTU of voltage-time type FTU(bis-) monitoring, then node j fault is to node i
Fault Effect Mode is the distant DTU of voltage-time type FTU(bis-) isolation/turn confession；
If d the switch between () two node is by the distant DTU of voltage x current type FTU(tri-) monitoring, then node j fault is to node i
Fault Effect Mode is the distant DTU of voltage x current type FTU(tri-) isolation/turn confession；
2. for non-conterminous Area Node i and j, the path of i to j is first obtained
If there being the distant DTU of voltage x current type FTU(tri-on (a) this path), then the fault Effect Mode of node i is by node j fault
The distant DTU of voltage x current type FTU(tri-) isolation/turn confession；
If there is no the distant DTU of voltage x current type FTU(tri-on (b) this path), have the distant DTU of voltage-time type FTU(bis-), then node j
Fault is the distant DTU of voltage-time type FTU(bis-to the fault Effect Mode of node i) isolation/turn confession；
If there is no the distant DTU of voltage x current type FTU(tri-on (c) this path) and the distant DTU of voltage-time type FTU(bis-), faulty finger
Show device, then node j fault is fault detector isolation/turn confession to the fault Effect Mode of node i；
If there is no the distant DTU of voltage x current type FTU(tri-on (d) this path), the distant DTU of voltage-time type FTU(bis-) and trolley line therefore
Barrier indicator (cable fault indicator), then node j fault is that tradition is isolated/turned for pattern to the fault Effect Mode of node i.
The dynamic programming model of optimization reliability index the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
(1) stage sum n, and specify the fund in each stage；
(2) state variable sk, skIt it is the set of the existing distribution terminal of whole system to the kth stage；
(3) decision variable xkAnd allow decision-making set Xk, xkIt is the distribution terminal set installed in the kth stage, XkIt is to meet this stage
The decision variable set of limited fund, xk∈Xk；
(4) state transition equation sk=sk-1+xk-1；
(5) recurrence relation of target function:
,
In formula: reliability index when u is original state, d (sk+xk) it is kth stage reliability index decrement, xk* it is kth
The optimizing decision in stage, fk*(sk,xk*) state in expression kth stage is skTime, the 1st Optimal reliability obtained to the kth stage
Index decrement；The Optimized model in each stage is as follows:
,
In formula: M is the investment amount given in this stage；The optimized variable of model is on the position of each distribution terminal to be installed
Distribution terminal type, carrys out GC group connector type by fixing integer value during programming realization, is stored in column vector Y；Table
Reach formula as follows:
Y=[ylocation]T,
In formula: location is the position of distribution terminal to be installed, for overhead feeder, terminal is arranged at on-pole switch, right
In cable feeder line, terminal is arranged in ring main unit；Corresponding to not filling automatization terminal, aerial conductor fault indicator, voltage time
Type FTU, voltage x current type FTU, cable feeder line install fault detector, two distant DTU and three distant DTU, value corresponding respectively for y is 0,
1、2、3、4、5、6；This model is nonlinear mixed-integer programming model.
The dynamic programming model of optimization of investment total value the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
(1) stage sum n, and specify the fund in each stage；
(2) state variable sk, skIt it is the set of the existing distribution terminal of whole system to the kth stage；
(3) decision variable xkAnd allow decision-making set Xk, xkIt is the distribution terminal set installed in the kth stage, XkIt is to meet this stage
The decision variable set of the reliability index decrement desired value specified, xk∈Xk；
(4) state transition equation sk=sk-1+xk-1；
(5) recurrence relation of target function:
,
In formula: f0The amount of money spent when being * original state, m (sk+xk) it is the amount of money in kth stage, xk* it is the optimum in kth stage
Decision-making, fk*(sk,xk*) state in expression kth stage is skTime, the 1st to the kth stage minimum amount of money number spent；Each
The Optimized model in stage is as follows:
,
In formula: ν is the reliability index desired value specified in this stage.
Programming realization the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that this method uses JAVA language programming to read feeder line number
According to this and the generation of implementation model and solving:
First, this method feeder line topology information derives from the XML file that somewhere generalized information system derives, and uses software kit
File is resolved by javax.xml, obtains the data that this method needs；
Second step, it is thus achieved that after feeder line data, carries out Distributing network structure abbreviation based on switchgear, sets with switch in definition distribution network
The standby sub-distribution network for boundary demarcation is an Area Node, thus Complicated Distribution Network is reduced to relatively simple node net
Network；
3rd step, uses JGraphT to carry out power distribution network data modeling, and an Area Node is a summit, feeder line topology is tied
Structure and component parameters combine；JGraphT is a free JAVA shape library, it is provided that mathematics graph theory object and algorithm,
Can easily structure to power distribution network create, revise, travel through, show, add, delete, the operation such as acquisition approach；
4th step, after setting up Optimized model, uses software kit com.gams.api to call GAMS, the Optimized model to each stage
Solve, until the stage terminates；Owing to the Optimized model in each stage is nonlinear mixed-integer programming model, so selecting
Solver BARON to such model solution better performances；
5th step, output is layouted and is optimized the result of Dynamic Programming.
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