CN116073381A - Automatic equipment point distribution decision method considering reliability of power distribution network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to an automatic equipment point-setting decision-making method considering the reliability of a power distribution network, which comprises the steps of establishing a topology model for connection relations between internal elements and nodes of the power distribution network; the judgment of the node communication relation of the power distribution network is realized by adopting a block Gaussian elimination method; according to the judging result of the node connection relation of the power distribution network, the analysis of the influence result of the fault on the load point is realized; solving a load reliability index and a system reliability index of the power distribution network by combining an analysis solving method of the reliability of the power distribution network; establishing an objective function of an optimization distribution point solving model of the distribution network automation equipment by combining two parts of investment cost and benefit improvement of the distribution network automation equipment; and comprehensively considering physical constraint, reliability index constraint and topological relation constraint of the power distribution automation equipment to obtain a planning model for optimizing distribution points. According to the distribution point optimizing method and the distribution point optimizing device, the distribution point scheme of the automation equipment is optimized on the premise that the reliability of the distribution network is met, and the construction cost of the automation equipment and the fault cost in the operation of the distribution network are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of distribution automation, in particular to an automatic equipment point distribution decision method considering the reliability of a distribution network.
Background
The function and the technical content of the distribution automation are revolutionarily changed, and the function of the distribution automation is to realize a hand-in-hand or ring network power supply mode after the distribution network is reformed, and the feeder automation system is utilized to perform fault detection and positioning on distribution lines, automatically isolate fault sections and restore power supply to non-fault sections. Therefore, the power failure range is reduced, the power failure time of the user terminal is reduced, and the power supply reliability is greatly improved. The load transfer and capacitor switching are timely carried out by monitoring the running state in real time, so that the power supply quality is ensured. The power distribution automation reconstruction engineering is an engineering with great difficulty, high cost and high construction complexity, and the representative problem is how to reasonably arrange power distribution automation terminal equipment. The reasonable arrangement of the distribution automation terminal equipment mainly relates to two aspects, namely the number of the terminal equipment and the configuration position of the terminal equipment. The distribution automation terminal equipment is high in cost, and the whole area coverage can greatly increase the cost, so that the return on investment is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiment of the present application is to provide an automatic equipment point distribution decision method considering reliability of a power distribution network, according to a power distribution network topology theory, to implement topology analysis on a power distribution network with any structure, introduce the topology analysis into power distribution network reliability analysis and calculation, introduce analysis results into a point distribution optimization decision process of the automatic equipment, optimize a point distribution scheme of the automatic equipment on the premise of meeting the reliability of the power distribution network, and reduce construction cost of the automatic equipment and fault cost in operation of the power distribution network.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the embodiment of the application provides an automatic equipment point distribution decision method considering the reliability of a power distribution network, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one: establishing a topology model for the connection relation between the internal elements and nodes of the power distribution network;
step two: the judgment of the node communication relation of the power distribution network is realized by adopting a block Gaussian elimination method;
step three: according to the judging result of the node connection relation of the power distribution network, the analysis of the influence result of the fault on the load point is realized;
step four: solving a load reliability index and a system reliability index of the power distribution network by combining an analysis solving method of the reliability of the power distribution network;
step five: establishing an objective function of an optimization distribution point solving model of the distribution network automation equipment by combining two parts of investment cost and benefit improvement of the distribution network automation equipment;
step six: and comprehensively considering physical constraint, reliability index constraint and topological relation constraint of the power distribution automation equipment to obtain a planning model for optimizing distribution points.
In the first step, the topology model is established for the connection relationship between the internal elements and nodes of the power distribution network, specifically, the element information matrix and the node information matrix are used as a storage mode of original data, and the relevant parameter data input into the topology model comprises the following three types:
1) Node data: node numbering, node activity, node capacity, and load importance;
2) Element data: element number, first node number, last node number, element capacity, element type;
3) Component failure parameters: element failure rate, element repair time, two-tele-equipment action time, three-tele-equipment action time and manual equipment action time;
connection relations among elements in the power grid are described in a manner of an undirected graph adjacency matrix.
In the second step, the specific flow of the block Gaussian elimination method is as follows,
(1) Pair of adjacency matrices
Performing a blocking process as shown below by calculating each block of the adjacent matrix;
(2) Matrix main diagonal sub-block after partitioning
、
The Gaussian elimination method is adopted to carry out elimination, generation before generation and generation after generation;
(3) Two sub-blocks on non-main diagonal
、
Reflecting sub-block->
、
The connection between the two is mapped and calculated for the connection relation needed by the two;
(4) Sub-block
，
，
，
After calculation, a new adjacency matrix is obtained>
For matrix->
After one complete Gaussian elimination calculation, the connectivity matrix can be obtained>
；
(5) Pair connectivity matrix
And performing row scanning or column scanning to obtain the number of rows and columns corresponding to the same element, so that the communication relation among different nodes can be obtained.
In the third step, various power distribution automation devices in the power distribution network are simulated to be cut off by modifying adjacent matrix parameters corresponding to the power distribution network topology, so that the power distribution automation devices playing a role are identified and positioned, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) The circuit breaker equipment in the power distribution network is manually disconnected, and the circuit breaker communication piece collection can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
A set of connected-slice boundary switching devices>
，
(2) Manual switching-off of manual switching-off equipment in the power distribution network can obtain a collection of manual switching-on pieces through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
Connected sheet boundary switching device set
；
(3) The two remote switch devices in the power distribution network are manually disconnected, and the two remote switch communication piece set can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
Connected sheet boundary switching device set
；/>
(4) Three-remote-switch equipment in the power distribution network is manually disconnected, and a three-remote-switch communication sheet set can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
Connected sheet boundary switching device set
；
(5) And searching boundary switch equipment corresponding to the fault in the four different boundary switch equipment sets according to the node numbers of the fault elements, and storing search results in the system.
In the fourth step, modeling is performed on the power failure duration of various load points according to the fault influence analysis result, and the power failure duration is divided into unaffected areas
Fault area->
Restoration area->
Transfer area->
The troubleshooting time model is as follows:
wherein ,
time for preparing work for line inspection fault, +.>
For feeder line section->
Length of->
Speed of troubleshooting staff line inspection, < ->
A set of feeder segments contained within a target area for troubleshooting.
In the fifth step, the objective function of the distribution network automation equipment optimizing distribution point solving model is established by combining two parts of investment cost and benefit improvement of the distribution network automation equipment,
1) Minimum equipment investment cost
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,
the total cost for equipment purchase, reconstruction and installation is calculated;
For feeder set->
Middle-located feeder line
Upper node->
Is indicative of a variable when +.>
When the position is described as being provided with two remote devices, when
When the two remote devices are installed at the position;
For feeder set->
Is positioned at the feed line->
Upper node->
Three-teleswitch indicating variable of (2) meaning +.>
Consistent;
、
Two remote devices and three remote devices respectively,
the loan interest of the loan purchasing equipment is also considered, and the final cost is shown in the following formula:
in the formula 
Annual interest rate for bank loan +.>
For the life of a bank loan,
the final cost is according to the equipment residual value
Service life +.>
Carrying out depreciation and average spreading to obtain annual average cost of equipment purchasing, transformation and installation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: />
2) Maximum benefit improvement of distribution network
Annual power outage loss of load
The quantization model is as follows:
wherein 
For load point->
Annual average load of (a)，
For load point->
The cost per loss of the amount of electricity,
3) General objective function
Therefore, the annual cost of equipment purchase, reconstruction, installation and maintenance and the total objective function after annual load power failure loss are considered
The following are provided:
in the step six, the physical constraint, the reliability index constraint and the topological relation constraint of the distribution automation equipment are comprehensively considered, and the planning model for optimizing the distribution point is obtained specifically,
1) Physical constraints for power distribution automation equipment
For feeder lines
Upper node->
The automation equipment at the location can only exist in one type at most, and two-remote and three-remote equipment can not be installed at the same time, so the automation equipment has
The following number of constraints should be enforced for a particular node within the optimization model:
2) Power distribution network reliability index constraint
The minimum path method is adopted for calculation, and the calculation process is equivalent to the following constraint conditions:
the following should be found:
in the process of optimizing distribution, not only the reliability index of each important load is required to be met, but also the reliability index of the whole system is required to be met, and the average power supply consideration index ASAI is adopted as a reference, so that the calculation mode is as follows:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,
a power failure duration reference value for the important load year;
For load point->
Number of users;
the index reference value may be considered for average power to the system.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: modeling and analyzing a network through a network topology theory of the power distribution network, analyzing fault influence, calculating a reliability index, applying the reliability index to an optimization solution model, and obtaining an optimal solution of the arrangement scheme through iterative solution. Under the condition, equipment can be reasonably arranged in a site selection mode, the system efficiency is greatly improved, faults are automatically positioned in a shorter time, quick transfer is realized, and finally the power supply reliability is improved. The power distribution network management system can help a power grid company to improve the management efficiency and the power supply reliability of the power distribution network, and has a pushing effect on the development of power distribution automation of the power grid and the intelligent construction of the power grid.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method implemented in the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simple distribution network.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simple distribution junction area division.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the RBTS BUS6 system F4 feeder.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides an automatic equipment point-setting decision method considering reliability of a power distribution network, including the following specific steps:
step one: establishing a topology model for the connection relation between the internal elements and nodes of the power distribution network;
step two: the judgment of the node communication relation of the power distribution network is realized by adopting a block Gaussian elimination method;
step three: according to the judging result of the node connection relation of the power distribution network, the analysis of the influence result of the fault on the load point is realized;
step four: solving a load reliability index and a system reliability index of the power distribution network by combining an analysis solving method of the reliability of the power distribution network;
step five: establishing an objective function of an optimization distribution point solving model of the distribution network automation equipment by combining two parts of investment cost and benefit improvement of the distribution network automation equipment;
step six: and comprehensively considering physical constraint, reliability index constraint and topological relation constraint of the power distribution automation equipment to obtain a planning model for optimizing distribution points.
Power distribution network topological structure model and analysis method
1.1 Topology description of a Power distribution network
The urban distribution network has complex and numerous structure types, mainly comprises connection modes such as a single-ring network, a double-ring network, inter-ring connection and the like, generally adopts a ring design and an open-loop operation mode, and can recover power supply in a non-fault area through switching operation under the condition that one power supply of the distribution network is lost. In order to describe the topological structure of the power distribution network universally and analyze the topological structure effectively, the method adopts an element information matrix and a node information matrix as a storage mode of original data. The relevant parameter data of the input system generally includes the following three types:
1) Node data: node numbering, node activity, node capacity, load importance, etc
2) Element data: element number, head node number, end node number, element capacity, element type (including switching device class), etc
3) Component failure parameters: component failure rate, component repair time, two-tele-equipment action time, three-tele-equipment action time, manual equipment action time, etc
Taking the simple power distribution network structure shown in fig. 2 as an example, the connection matrix is an undirected graph model, so that the connection relation between the internal elements of the power grid is described by adopting an undirected graph adjacent matrix, and the connection information of the simple power distribution network in fig. 2 is extracted and converted into the following adjacent matrix:
1.2 Topology analysis method of power distribution network
The adjacency matrix can accurately reflect the direct connection relation between two arbitrary nodes of the topology, but does not consider the role of the transfer characteristic in the connection relation, namely, the two nodes can also form an indirect connection relation through other nodes. Therefore, the use of the adjacency matrix to express the topological relation is not comprehensive, and it is difficult to directly judge the connection relation of all nodes through the values of matrix elements, so that the adjacency matrix is not suitable for the processing procedure of a computer. After the topology analysis process, the adjacent matrix can be converted into a connected matrix form, so that a matrix element connected sheet structure which is more suitable for computer scanning and recognition is formed, and the subsequent processing and calculation processes are facilitated. The application adopts an improved Gaussian elimination method as a basic method for topology analysis and solving, and the algorithm process is as follows:
(1) Pair of adjacency matrices
The partitioning processing as shown in the following illustration is carried out, and each partition of the adjacent matrix is calculated, so that the dimension of the matrix is reduced, the effect of reducing the order is achieved, and the calculated amount of single topology analysis is effectively reduced: />
(2) Matrix main diagonal sub-block after partitioning
、
And respectively adopting a Gaussian elimination method to carry out elimination, generation before generation and generation after generation. The elimination of the adjacency matrix is from the first node in the topology (++>
) Initially, the nodes in the topological relation are determined successively according to a prescribed order via intermediate nodes +.>
Indirect connection relation of components
In the above process, the innermost loop is used to continuously acquire and update nodes
Calculation of
Element value of (i.e. node->
And node->
Is directly connected with the direct connection via the intermediate node->
An indirect communication relationship is formed. The loop of the middle layer is used for updating the node->
Calculate->
Element values of (2)I.e. node->
And node->
Is connected directly to each other via the intermediate node +.>
An indirect communication relationship is formed. The outermost loop is used for continuously acquiring and updating the intermediate node +.>
To obtain node->
And node->
By means of different intermediate nodes->
Connection relation of indirect connection.
After the matrix is eliminated, the previous generation operation is needed to be carried out on the matrix, the node information of the matrix is sequentially transmitted from front to back, and the unit matrix is adopted
As a record matrix, the topological relation in the previous generation process is recorded:
after the matrix previous generation operation is finished, further back generation operation is needed, starting from the last node, and recording the matrix
And adjacency matrix->
And transmitting the node information on the same communication sheet to all nodes from back to front: />
After all the above calculation flows are completed, nodes 1 to 1
Is all->
All connectivity relations of individual nodes are defined by sub-blocks
Representing node->
To node->
Is all->
All connectivity relations of the individual nodes are defined by sub-blocks->
And (3) representing.
(3) Two sub-blocks on non-main diagonal
、
Reflecting sub-block->
、
The connection between these needs to be calculated by the following connection relation map from (3. A) to (3. D).
(3. A) sub-blocks after Gaussian elimination in step (2)
、
The structure is as follows
wherein 
、
Sub-blocks->
、
The number of the middle communicating pieces->
、
Respectively +.>
First->
The number of nodes included in each connected slice.
(3.b) sub-blocks
、
The external equivalent of each communication sheet area in the system is a whole communication set, which is expressed as a 1, namely, the following steps are shown:
according to the equivalent result, mapping the communication relation to the sub-blocks according to the following two steps
、
Is a kind of medium.
(3.c) first step, for sub-blocks
Is->
A communication piece, starting from the 1 st communication piece, comprising nodes +.>
In sub-block->
Find node +.>
Corresponding row, in sub-block->
Find node +.>
Corresponding columns are respectively and sequentially subjected to logical OR operation according to rows and columns, the connection relation of the connected sets is mapped into the non-diagonal sub-blocks in one-to-one mode, and the calculated sub-blocks are->
、
Respectively->
、
A matrix.
(3. D) second step, for sub-blocks
Is->
A communication piece, starting from the 1 st communication piece, comprising nodes +.>
In sub-block->
Find node +.>
Corresponding column, in sub-block->
Find node +.>
Corresponding rows, respectively carrying out logical OR operation according to columns and rows in sequence, mapping the connection relation of the connected set into the non-diagonal sub-blocks from many to one, and calculating the sub-blocks->
、
Respectively->
、
A matrix.
(4) Sub-block
，
，
，
After calculation, a new adjacency matrix is obtained>
. For matrix->
After one complete Gaussian elimination calculation, the connectivity matrix can be obtained>
。
(5) Pair connectivity matrix
And performing row scanning or column scanning to obtain the number of rows and columns corresponding to the same element, so that the communication relation among different nodes can be obtained.
The above procedure is for an adjacency matrix
The partitioning processing is performed, so that the dimension of a matrix in the calculation process can be effectively reduced, and when the number of system nodes is large, the calculation amount is greatly reduced.
Positioning identification and fault impact analysis for power distribution automation device
2.1 Identification and positioning of power distribution automation device
A large number of distribution network automation equipment with telemetry, remote signaling and remote control functions exist in the distribution network to realize rapid identification, positioning and removal of faults of the distribution network, so that normal and stable operation of the distribution network is guaranteed to the greatest extent. The degree of each load point in the power distribution network affected by faults is closely related to the types and distribution positions of the internal automation equipment, so that the automation equipment with functions of accurate and rapid identification and positioning has important significance for fault impact analysis. The influence range and the recovery range of the fault are both bounded by the distribution network automation equipment, namely after the fault occurs, the fault point is close to the automation device to play a role, the fault area is isolated, and the non-fault area is recovered.
The power distribution network equipment is various, and manual switch and various switch equipment with different automation degrees are mixed, and different switch equipment has different action speeds. When a fault occurs, a switching device having a high automation level is usually operated first, and a device having a low automation level is operated later, so that the range of the fault area is continuously narrowed. The application uses a manual switch and a two-remote switch and a three-remote switch as main study objects, and the following fig. 3 illustrates the action and effects of different switches, wherein S1 is the manual switch, S2 is the two-remote switch, and S3 is the three-remote switch.
When a fault occurs, the outlet breaker B1 of the feeder line is in protective tripping, the three-remote switch S3 has the highest degree of automation, and automatically isolates the fault area to realize the transfer of partial areas. Then, the 'two remote' switch S2 indicates the fault range and informs relevant staff to operate, so that the power outage range is further reduced. And finally, the worker realizes the isolation operation of the minimum fault area through a manual switch and recovers all load nodes outside the fault area. In the above process, the whole feeder line is divided into 5 areas, wherein the area 1 is an unaffected area, the area 2 is a recovery area, the area 3 is a fault area, and the areas 4 and 5 are transfer areas. The distribution position and the type of the distribution automation equipment are closely related, the application adopts the topology analysis method, and various distribution automation equipment in the distribution network are simulated and cut off by modifying the adjacent matrix parameters corresponding to the distribution network topology, so that the identification and the positioning of the distribution automation equipment playing a role are realized, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) The circuit breaker equipment in the power distribution network is manually disconnected, and the circuit breaker communication piece collection can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
A set of connected-slice boundary switching devices>
，
(2) Manual switching-off of manual switching-off equipment in the power distribution network can obtain a collection of manual switching-on pieces through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
Connected sheet boundary switching device set
；
(3) The two remote switch devices in the power distribution network are manually disconnected, and the two remote switch communication piece set can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
Connected sheet boundary switching device set
；
(4) Three-remote-switch equipment in the power distribution network is manually disconnected, and a three-remote-switch communication sheet set can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
Connected sheet boundary switching device set
；
(5) And searching boundary switch equipment corresponding to the fault in the four different boundary switch equipment sets according to the node numbers of the fault elements, and storing search results in the system.
2.2 Fault impact analysis
According to the analysis of the example of the simple power distribution network in fig. 3, it can be known that the presence of the power distribution automation device does not affect the annual power outage frequency index of the load, and the influence on the reliability of the power distribution network is mainly reflected on the annual power outage duration index of the load, and specifically affects the fault searching process, the fault isolation process and the time of transferring and recovering the power supply process.
Distribution automation equipment optimization distribution model
3.1 Load point power failure time model
As described above, the outage time of the load point depends on the location of the load point and the distribution of the fault point and the terminals between the load points, so that the outage duration of various load points can be modeled according to the analysis result of the fault influence. Classification was performed according to the above 8 kinds of divided regions:
(1) Unaffected region
，
All loads in the unaffected region are not affected by the fault, so the internal load point fault rate
Duration of power failure->
The following are provided:
(2) Fault area
，
The fault region, i.e. the minimum fault region, with all negative values insideThe load cannot normally supply power due to the influence of faults, and the load can normally supply power only after the fault repairing work is finished. The power failure duration of load points in the area is determined by fault finding time
Time->
The composition is formed. The time to repair a fault depends on the extent of the fault, and is typically much greater than the automation equipment action time, so the automation equipment action time can be ignored. Its internal load point failure rate->
Duration of power failure->
The following are provided:
(3) Recovery area
，
After the fault occurs, the load in the recovery area is affected by the action of the circuit breaker to cut off, but under the action of various distribution automation equipment, the power supply can be recovered, and the duration of the power cut comprises the fault searching time
Time of switch action
、
. The switch action time is determined by the type and performance of the power distribution automation equipment playing a role in recovery. Its internal load point failure rate->
Duration of power failure->
The following are provided:
if the area is a three-remote switch recovery area, the three-remote switch can perform the function of rapid and automatic fault isolation, and the fault searching time is the same as that of the three-remote switch recovery area
And manual switch operation time->
All 0. If the area is a two-teleswitch or manual switch recovery area, the trouble shooting time is +.>
And manual switch operation time->
Neither is 0.
(4) Transfer area
，
After the fault occurs, the load in the transfer area can restore the power supply under the action of the distribution automation equipment and the connecting wire, and the power failure duration time comprises the fault searching time
Switching time of the transfer process +.>
、
. Its internal load point failure rate->
Power failure holderDuration->
The following are provided:
the switch action time is determined by the type and performance of the power distribution automation equipment playing a role in recovery. If the area is a three-remote switch transfer area, the three-remote switch can perform the functions of rapid fault and automatic fault isolation, and the fault searching time is the same as that of the three-remote switch transfer area
And manual switch operation time->
All 0. If the area is a two-remote switch or manual switch transfer area, the fault finding time is +.>
And manual switch operation time->
Neither is 0.
3.2 Trouble shooting time model
In the model, various automatic equipment action time
、
Trouble repair time->
Can be generally considered as a constant value, and trouble shooting time +.>
Is affected by various factors such as geography, environment, traffic, personnel, etc., and is generally variable. When no automation equipment exists in the power distribution network, maintenance personnel need to be on the whole stripFault checking for distribution line, fault checking time +.>
Longer. After the automatic equipment is arranged in the power distribution network, the two-remote equipment and the three-remote equipment can transmit partial fault current information to the main station, so that maintenance personnel can conveniently and preliminarily locate faults, the fault finding range is reduced, and the time of the fault finding process is effectively reduced. From this relationship, a troubleshooting time model can be derived as follows:
wherein ,
time for preparing work for line inspection fault, +.>
For feeder line section->
Length of->
Speed of troubleshooting staff line inspection, < ->
For troubleshooting a feeder segment set contained within a target area that is a minimum area bounded by two-way and three-way switches that contains a faulty element, the feeder segment set can be obtained by the topology analysis process described above.
3.3 Automated equipment optimization point distribution objective function and constraints thereof
(1) Optimizing a point placement decision objective function
In order to facilitate the solution of the distribution automation equipment optimization distribution, an objective function of the solution problem needs to be specified, and the final purpose of the optimization process is considered to be to ensure the improvement of economic benefits brought by the distribution automation equipment, wherein the improvement is respectively reflected from the following two aspects:
1) Minimum equipment investment cost
The cost of distribution automation equipment, especially three-remote equipment is higher, so not all equipment can be transformed or replaced into two-remote and three-remote equipment, and the investment cost is reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the action effect of the equipment.
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,
the total cost for equipment purchase, reconstruction and installation is calculated;
For feeder set->
Middle-located feeder line
Upper node->
Is indicative of a variable when +.>
When the position is described as being provided with two remote devices, when
When the two remote devices are installed at the position;
For feeder set->
Is positioned at the feed line->
Upper node->
Three-teleswitch indicating variable of (2) meaning +.>
Consistent;
、
Two remote devices and three remote devices respectively,
the loan interest of the loan purchasing equipment is also considered, and the final cost is shown in the following formula:
in the formula 
Annual interest rate for bank loan +.>
For the life of a bank loan,
the final cost is according to the equipment residual value
Service life +.>
Carrying out depreciation and average spreading to obtain annual average cost of equipment purchasing, transformation and installation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
2) Maximum benefit improvement of distribution network
Annual power outage loss of load
The quantization model is as follows:
wherein 
For load point->
Annual average load of->
For load point->
The cost per loss of the amount of electricity,
3) General objective function
Therefore, the annual cost of equipment purchase, reconstruction, installation and maintenance and the total objective function after annual load power failure loss are considered
The following are provided: />
1) Automated equipment installation physical constraints
For feeder lines
Upper node->
The automation equipment at the location can only exist in one type at most, and two-remote and three-remote equipment can not be installed at the same time, so the automation equipment has
According to the national power grid company enterprise standard 'distribution automation planning design technical guideline' and the China south power grid limited responsibility company enterprise standard 'distribution automation planning guideline', distribution automation equipment needs to be arranged at key nodes inside the distribution network. The main line interconnection switch should be modified three-tele, the switching station, the ring network unit and the distribution room with more access lines should be modified three-tele, the key sectional switch of important users and more users should be modified two-tele or three-tele, and the number of key sectional switches of each loop line should not exceed three. According to the technical guidelines above, a forced constraint should be applied to a specific node within the optimization model, and there are the following number constraints:
2) Power distribution network reliability index constraint
The distribution automation equipment is configured to promote the reliability degree of the distribution network, so the system reliability index and the load reliability index should be used as constraint conditions for optimizing distribution points. The duration of the power failure of the load in the power distribution network can be calculated through an analysis method, the minimum path method is adopted for calculation, and the calculation process can be equivalent to the following constraint conditions:
there are a large number of important users in the power distribution network, under the fault condition, the power consumption of the power distribution network is guaranteed preferentially, the annual power failure duration index of the users is taken as a research object, the calculation of the power distribution network is introduced by the foregoing, and the power distribution network should have:
in the process of optimizing the distribution, not only the reliability index of each important load is required to be met, but also the reliability index of the whole system is required to be met. The system reliability index is more in variety, the average power supply considered index ASAI is adopted as a reference, and the calculation mode is as follows:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,
a power failure duration reference value for the important load year;
For load point->
Number of users;
The index reference value may be considered for average power to the system.
3) Topological relation constraint of power distribution network
The meeting of the topological relation constraint of the power distribution network is ensured by the topological analysis process.
The total model after the steps is that
The model is a mixed integer nonlinear programming model, and can be solved through a GAMS solver or an artificial intelligence algorithm to obtain an optimized point distribution decision result of the automation equipment.
Referring to fig. 4, the present application uses an F4 feeder of the IEEE RBTS BUS6 as an example, and describes a method proposed in the present application, where parameters such as a line and a user load of the system are set by referring to standard examples of the IEEE RBTS BUS6 system. The device between nodes 2-3 is the outlet breaker of the F4 feeder, which is considered to function as a percentage reliability in this application. The devices between the nodes 8-10, 15-18, 22-23, 24-26, 44-45 are sectionalizing switches of the line, i.e. alternative locations for distribution automation devices to be located.
The failure rate of the power equipment in the feeder is shown in the following table:
table 1 power equipment fault parameters
The total purchase and installation cost of the power distribution automation equipment adopted in the application is 1 kiloyuan for the two-remote equipment, 5 kiloyuan for the three-remote equipment, the service life of the equipment is 10 years, the depreciation rate of the equipment is calculated according to 20% in the first year, 15% in the second year, 10% in the third year, 5% in the fourth year and later, and the equipment residual value is 2 kiloyuan for the two-remote equipment and 1 kiloyuan for the three-remote equipment after ten years.
Other parameters were set as follows: loss of unit electric quantity of feeder line
The reliability index ASAI of the whole feeder line is over 99.9 percent, the line inspection fault speed of personnel is 5 km/h, and the bank loan interest rate is 4.90 percent.
By solving the optimized point distribution planning model of the RBTS BUS6 system, an optimal point distribution scheme can be calculated and obtained to configure two-remote devices for the nodes 8-10 and 44-45, and the nodes 22-23 configure three-remote devices, so that the two-remote devices and the three-remote devices in the F4 feeder line divide the feeder line into proper areas, a fault auxiliary positioning function can be well realized, line inspection staff can be helped to quickly inspect faults, time required by line traversing inspection is reduced, and the three-remote devices can realize quick fault removal and quick recovery of other loads. Under the above results, the optimum value of the objective function was 17231.2 yuan, and the reliability index ASAI of the whole feeder was 99.9912%.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations may be suggested to one skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. An automatic equipment point distribution decision method considering the reliability of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one: establishing a topology model for the connection relation between the internal elements and nodes of the power distribution network;
step two: the judgment of the node communication relation of the power distribution network is realized by adopting a block Gaussian elimination method;
step three: according to the judging result of the node connection relation of the power distribution network, the analysis of the influence result of the fault on the load point is realized;
step four: solving a load reliability index and a system reliability index of the power distribution network by combining an analysis solving method of the reliability of the power distribution network;
step five: establishing an objective function of an optimization distribution point solving model of the distribution network automation equipment by combining two parts of investment cost and benefit improvement of the distribution network automation equipment;
step six: and comprehensively considering physical constraint, reliability index constraint and topological relation constraint of the power distribution automation equipment to obtain a planning model for optimizing distribution points.
2. The method for determining the distribution point of an automatic device considering the reliability of a power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, a topology model is established for the connection relationship between the internal elements and nodes of the power distribution network, specifically, an element information matrix and a node information matrix are adopted as a storage mode of original data, and the relevant parameter data input into the topology model includes the following three types:
1) Node data: node numbering, node activity, node capacity, and load importance;
2) Element data: element number, first node number, last node number, element capacity, element type;
3) Component failure parameters: element failure rate, element repair time, two-tele-equipment action time, three-tele-equipment action time and manual equipment action time;
connection relations among elements in the power grid are described in a manner of an undirected graph adjacency matrix.
3. The method for determining the distribution point of an automatic device considering the reliability of a power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the specific flow of the block Gaussian elimination method is as follows,
(1) Pair of adjacency matrices
Performing a blocking process as shown below by calculating each block of the adjacent matrix;
(2) Matrix main diagonal sub-block after partitioning
、
The Gaussian elimination method is adopted to carry out elimination, generation before generation and generation after generation;
(3) Two sub-blocks on non-main diagonal
、
Reflecting sub-block->
、
The connection between the two is mapped and calculated for the connection relation needed by the two;
(4) Sub-block
，
，
，
After calculation, a new adjacency matrix is obtained>
For matrix->
After one complete Gaussian elimination calculation, the connectivity matrix can be obtained>
；/>
(5) Pair connectivity matrix
And performing row scanning or column scanning to obtain the number of rows and columns corresponding to the same element, so that the communication relation among different nodes can be obtained.
4. The method for determining distribution points of automatic equipment considering reliability of a power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, various power distribution automatic equipment in the power distribution network is simulated to be disconnected by modifying adjacent matrix parameters corresponding to the topology of the power distribution network, so as to realize identification and positioning of the power distribution automatic equipment which plays a role, and the method comprises the following specific processes:
(1) The circuit breaker equipment in the power distribution network is manually disconnected, and the circuit breaker communication piece collection can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
A set of connected-slice boundary switching devices>
，
(2) Manual switching-off of manual switching-off equipment in the power distribution network can obtain a collection of manual switching-on pieces through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
A set of connected-slice boundary switching devices>
；
(3) The two remote switch devices in the power distribution network are manually disconnected, and the two remote switch communication piece set can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
A set of connected-slice boundary switching devices>
；
(4) Three-remote-switch equipment in the power distribution network is manually disconnected, and a three-remote-switch communication sheet set can be obtained through the topology analysis method
Nodes contained inside the respective sets +.>
A set of connected-slice boundary switching devices>
；
(5) And searching boundary switch equipment corresponding to the fault in the four different boundary switch equipment sets according to the node numbers of the fault elements, and storing search results in the system.
5. The method for determining distribution points of an automatic equipment considering reliability of a power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, power failure duration of each type of load points is modeled according to a fault influence analysis result, and is divided into unaffected areas
Fault area->
Restoration area->
Transfer area->
The troubleshooting time model is as follows:
wherein ,
time for preparing work for line inspection fault, +.>
For feeder line section->
Length of->
Speed of troubleshooting staff line inspection, < ->
A set of feeder segments contained within a target area for troubleshooting.
6. The method for determining distribution points of an automatic equipment considering reliability of a distribution network according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, by combining two parts of investment cost and benefit improvement of the distribution network automatic equipment, an objective function of establishing an optimal distribution point solving model of the distribution network automatic equipment is specifically,
1) Minimum equipment investment cost
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,
the total cost for equipment purchase, reconstruction and installation is calculated;
For feeder set->
Is positioned at the feed line->
Upper node->
Is indicative of a variable when +.>
In the case of the two-remote device, the location is described as being installed, when +.>
When the two remote devices are installed at the position;
For feeder set->
Is positioned at the feed line->
Upper node->
Three-teleswitch indicating variable of (2) meaning +.>
Consistent;
、
Two remote devices and three remote devices respectively,
the loan interest of the loan purchasing equipment is also considered, and the final cost is shown in the following formula:
in the formula 
Annual interest rate for bank loan +.>
For the life of a bank loan,
the final cost is according to the equipment residual value
Service life +.>
Carrying out depreciation and average spreading to obtain annual average cost of equipment purchasing, transformation and installation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
2) Maximum benefit improvement of distribution network
Annual power outage loss of load
The quantization model is as follows:
wherein 
For load point->
Annual average load of->
For load point->
The cost per loss of the amount of electricity,
3) General objective function
Therefore, the annual cost of equipment purchase, reconstruction, installation and maintenance and the total objective function after annual load power failure loss are considered
The following are provided:
7. the method for determining the distribution point of the automatic equipment considering the reliability of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the physical constraint, the reliability index constraint and the topological relation constraint of the power distribution automatic equipment are comprehensively considered, and a planning model for optimizing the distribution point is obtained specifically,
1) Physical constraints for power distribution automation equipment
For feeder lines
Upper node->
The automation equipment at the location can only exist in one type at most, and two-remote and three-remote equipment can not be installed at the same time, so the automation equipment has
The following number of constraints should be enforced for a particular node within the optimization model:
2) Power distribution network reliability index constraint
The minimum path method is adopted for calculation, and the calculation process is equivalent to the following constraint conditions:
the following should be found:
in the process of optimizing distribution, not only the reliability index of each important load is required to be met, but also the reliability index of the whole system is required to be met, and the average power supply consideration index ASAI is adopted as a reference, so that the calculation mode is as follows:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,
a power failure duration reference value for the important load year;
For load point->
Number of users;
the index reference value may be considered for average power to the system. />
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