CN102723775A - Reliability assessment method for secondary system of intelligent substation - Google Patents
Reliability assessment method for secondary system of intelligent substation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a reliability assessment method for a secondary system of an intelligent substation, and belongs to the field of power information automation. The assessment method divides the intelligent substation system into a communication subsystem, a control subsystem, a protection subsystem and a station control layer subsystem, obtains reliable parameters of each subsystem with the aid of the mean time to fail and the mean time to repair parameters of devices by an availability block diagram, finds out weak links of the secondary system, and improves the reliability of the secondary system of the intelligent substation, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the quality of power supply at last, and providing an easily accepted and implemented reliability assessment method of the secondary system for the reliability assessment of the secondary system of the intelligent substation. By introducing a notion of reliability model, carrying out quantitative calculation and evaluation, and conducting sequence according to the reliability indexes and the degrees of risk, the reliability and availability of the whole intelligent substation system are improved. The assessment method of the invention can be widely applied in the system design, operation scheduling or device management fields of intelligent substation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the power information automatic field, relate in particular to a kind of data processing method that is used to estimate intelligent substation electrical secondary system reliability.
Background technology
Power transformation operation is a most important hinge link in the power system operation, and the electric pressure of transformer station is to be determined by its place line voltage grade, and it is also different that the substation of different electric pressures maintains the fail safe of power supply area.Electric pressure is high more, and the power supply area of transformer station is just big more, and its needed security reliability is also just high more, and the important role in safe operation to transformer station is disposed in the protection of electrical secondary system in the transformer station.
The reliability management of electric power system is the important assurance of safe operation of power system.The reliability of electric power secondary system and the reliability of primary system are of equal importance; The electrical secondary system digital informationization makes whole electric power system become an organic whole with the process of networking, and the reliability management of electric power system must comprise the finally safe and stable operation of assurance system of electrical secondary system.
Along with the electric development of intellectuality; The particularly appearance of electromechanical integration equipment such as intelligent switch, photoelectric type instrument transformer; And the Application and Development of computer express network in real-time system, make collection, the transmission of all information of transformer station realize that complete intelligent the processing provides theory and material base.
Intelligent substation (also claiming digital transformer substation) has replaced the traditional secondary cable with digital fiber; Replace conventional analogue transmission and the transmission of rhabdion point with the network message transmission; Protective relaying device is also done bigger change, equally also disposed more high-end devices, therefore; Reliability in the original ripe secondary circuit system of contrast; Whether the electrical secondary system of existing operation is reliable fully, and its relative risk and reliability standard need be carried out systematic mensuration and assessment after not beginning the long-play check.
At present, the reliability management of electric power system is most of still to be launched to primary system, is still far from perfect to the reliability management of electrical secondary system, and particularly the electrical secondary system reliability management of intelligent transformer station is not also carried out.
At present, press for fail-safe analysis and the risk management work carried out intelligent transformer station secondary system, for the extensive enforcement of intelligent transformer station provides effective technical support.
Electrical secondary system equipment to intelligent substation carries out fail-safe analysis; Can sort according to reliability index and degree of risk; In time find the weak link of secondary device in the intelligent substation; Both helped the operations staff and electrical secondary system had been safeguarded and formulated the corresponding apparatus check-verifying period targetedly,, thereby improved the reliability of intelligent substation electrical secondary system on the whole again for the scheme Design of later intelligent transformer station provides actual field data.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of intelligent substation electrical secondary system reliability estimation method; It is subsystems such as communication, control, protection and station level with the intelligent substation system divides; By mean free error time of equipment and mean time to repair parameter; Utilize the availability block diagram, obtain the dependability parameter of whole transformer station, thereby find out the weak link of intelligent substation electrical secondary system; Improve the reliability of intelligent substation electrical secondary system; And then improve the reliability of intelligent substation electrical secondary system, finally reach the purpose that improves power supply quality, and for the reliability assessment of intelligent substation electrical secondary system provide a kind of be easy to by the user acceptance, the electrical secondary system reliability estimation method being convenient to implement.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of intelligent substation electrical secondary system reliability estimation method is provided, it is characterized in that described reliability estimation method comprises the following steps: at least
A, according to the function or the purposes of equipment, be communication subsystem, RACS, protected subsystem and station level subsystem with the intelligent substation system divides;
B, with individual device involved in each sub-systems or device, the abstract different elements that constitutes each sub-systems that is summarised as;
C, add up the mean free error time and the mean time to repair of each element in each sub-systems respectively, and then obtain the average time between twice fault of each element;
D, through the average time between described mean free error time, mean time to repair and twice fault; Obtain the availability of each element;
E, according to the serial or parallel connection between each element relation, confirm the connection chain line structure of said each sub-systems, obtain the availability block diagram of this subsystem;
F, according to the availability block diagram of said each sub-systems and the availability of each element, obtain the system availability of said each sub-systems;
G, for each sub-systems, with optical cable Alloy instead of Copper cable, replace secondary to connect lead with industry ethernet, with the quantity of element in the minimizing system, improve the system availability of this subsystem; Perhaps, through network redundancy or functional redundancy are set, improve the system availability of this subsystem; Perhaps, utilize the self check and the supervision of system and element, improve the system availability of this subsystem;
H, in said each sub-systems; According to each element availability order from low to high; Confirm the element that availability is lower, at scheduled overhaul or carry out in the process of electric network reconstruction the plan of giving priority in arranging for; The element lower to availability carries out scheduled overhaul, replacing or transformation, improves the reliability of transmission line secondary circuit.
Concrete, above-mentioned reliability estimation method is for the electrical secondary system of transformer station; Introduce the notion of reliability model, write down, add up, conclude and analyze the average time between mean free error time of each equipment of transformer station, mean time to repair and twice fault, adopt link reliability algorithm; Utilize the availability block diagram; Carry out qualitative assessment, the various possible factors of the system failure are connected, calculate the dependability parameter of whole transformer station; Development trend according to the average time between mean free error time of each equipment that constitutes transformer station secondary system or device, mean time to repair or twice fault; Judgment device can guarantee the time or the development trend of normal operation, sorts according to reliability index and degree of risk, in time finds the weak link of secondary device in the intelligent substation; Formulate the corresponding apparatus maintenance scheduling; In time, carry out scheduled overhaul, replacing or transformation, to improve the reliability and availability of intelligent substation entire system to problem or the problematic equipment of possibility are arranged.
Further, the mean free error time of said each element is that the average expected time of fault for the first time appears in equipment or system; Be that faulty equipment or system obtain repairing used average time described mean time to repair; Comprise mean time to repair the average time between twice fault of said each element; Following relationship is then arranged:
MTBF＝MTTF+MTTR
Wherein, MTBF is twice average time between the fault, and MTTF is the mean free error time, and MTTR is mean time to repair.
Further, the availability of said each element is to describe the reliability index that can repair equipment or system, representes that it is in the probability of stability of operate as normal, and the availability of said each element adopts following formula to express:
Wherein, A is the availability of each element, and MTBF is twice average time between the fault, and MTTF is the mean free error time, and MTTR is mean time to repair.
Concrete, for series loop, its said availability that respectively connects link equals the logical of all element availabilities in this connection link; For the shunt circuit, its said availability that respectively connects link equals the logical "or" of all element availabilities in this connection link.
Concrete, described series loop, its system availability is expressed as:
n＝1，2，3，…，n；
Wherein, n is for constituting the element number of series system, A
StringSystem availability for series system; A
iAvailability for each element.
Concrete, described shunt circuit, its system availability is expressed as:
m＝1，2，3，…，m；
Wherein, m is for constituting the element number of series system, A
AndSystem availability for parallel system; A
iAvailability for each element.
Compare with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1. to the electrical secondary system of intelligent substation, introduce the notion of reliability model, utilize the availability block diagram, carry out qualitative assessment, calculate the dependability parameter of whole transformer station;
2. will constitute individual device involved in each sub-systems or device, the abstract different elements that constitutes each sub-systems that is summarised as has promptly made things convenient for Calculation of Reliability or analysis, is convenient to again get rid of and disturbs the reduced data processing procedure;
3. can in time find the weak link of secondary device in the intelligent substation; Through network redundancy or functional redundancy are set; Perhaps through formulating the corresponding apparatus maintenance scheduling; In time, carry out scheduled overhaul, replacing or transformation, to improve the reliability and availability of intelligent substation entire system to problem or the problematic equipment of possibility are arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is a secondary protection system functional redundancy sketch map;
Fig. 3 is a station level bus sketch map;
Fig. 4 is a parallel redundancy communication system availability block diagram;
Fig. 5 is a redundancy protection systems availability block diagram;
Fig. 6 is an interval control system availability block diagram;
Fig. 7 is a station level system availability block diagram;
Fig. 8 is an equipment component availability sketch map;
Fig. 9 is the network configuration of embodiment one;
Figure 10 is the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of embodiment one;
Figure 11 is the network configuration of embodiment two;
Figure 12 is the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of embodiment two;
Figure 13 is the network configuration of embodiment three;
Figure 14 is the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of embodiment three;
Figure 15 is the network configuration of embodiment four;
Figure 16 is the curve of the unreliable degree of system of embodiment four;
Figure 17 is the network configuration of embodiment five;
Figure 18 is the curve of the unreliable degree of system of embodiment five;
Figure 19 is the network configuration of embodiment six;
Figure 20 is the curve of the unreliable degree of system of embodiment six.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Among Fig. 1, the reliability estimation method in the present technique scheme comprises the following steps: at least
A, according to the function or the purposes of equipment, be communication subsystem, RACS, protected subsystem and station level subsystem with the intelligent substation system divides;
B, with individual device involved in each sub-systems or device, the abstract different elements that constitutes each sub-systems that is summarised as;
C, add up the mean free error time and the mean time to repair of each element in each sub-systems respectively, and then obtain the average time between twice fault of each element;
D, through the average time between described mean free error time, mean time to repair and twice fault; Obtain the availability of each element;
E, according to the serial or parallel connection between each element relation, confirm the connection chain line structure of said each sub-systems, obtain the availability block diagram of this subsystem;
F, according to the availability block diagram of said each sub-systems and the availability of each element, obtain the system availability of said each sub-systems;
G, for each sub-systems, with optical cable Alloy instead of Copper cable, replace secondary to connect lead with industry ethernet, with the quantity of element in the minimizing system, improve the system availability of this subsystem; Perhaps, through network redundancy or functional redundancy are set, improve the system availability of this subsystem; Perhaps, utilize the self check and the supervision of system and element, improve the system availability of this subsystem;
H, in said each sub-systems; According to each element availability order from low to high; Confirm the element that availability is lower, at scheduled overhaul or carry out in the process of electric network reconstruction the plan of giving priority in arranging for; The element lower to availability carries out scheduled overhaul, replacing or transformation, improves the reliability of transmission line secondary circuit.
From the physical structure aspect, intelligent substation remains primary equipment and two aspects of secondary device (comprising protection, observing and controlling, monitoring and communication equipment).Because the intellectuality of primary equipment, the combination between intelligent substation primary equipment and the secondary device is tightr than now.
Analyze from logical relation and formation aspect, intelligent substation can be divided into three layers, i.e. process layer, wall and station level.
The process layer mainly is meant the intelligent part of intelligent electric equipment, and its function has three types: electric parameters parameter detecting, equipment health status detect and control and carry out and drive.
Bay device has very big variation than now aspect automation, mainly show as the The Application of Technology such as abstract and self-described standard of layering, the communication interface of unified Modeling, the communication information of object.
Station level can be worked with the substation operation orthofunction based on the station level operation support function of information sharing except that the seamless communication of realizing transformer station and control system.
All the other status signals of main transformer; Insert the main transformer intelligent measuring and control device like non-electric charge quantity signallings such as light gas, temperature, pressure release, oil level, overtemperature alarm, gears through cable, this device possesses according to functions such as the heavy gas tripping operation of remote signals realization on the spot, on-load voltage regulation adjusting, neutral point ground cutter switchings.
Reliability estimation method in the present technique scheme for the electrical secondary system of transformer station, has been introduced the notion of reliability model; Write down, add up, conclude and analyze the average time between mean free error time of each equipment of transformer station, mean time to repair and twice fault; Adopt link reliability algorithm, utilize the availability block diagram, carry out quantitative Analysis and assessment; The various possible factors of the system failure are connected; Calculate the dependability parameter of each functional subsystem of whole transformer station, according to the development trend of the average time between mean free error time of each equipment that constitutes transformer station secondary system or device, mean time to repair or twice fault, judgment device can guarantee the time or the development trend of normal operation; Sort according to reliability index and degree of risk; In time find the weak link of secondary device in the intelligent substation, formulate the corresponding apparatus maintenance scheduling, in time to problem or the problematic equipment of possibility are arranged; Carry out scheduled overhaul, replacing or transformation, to improve the reliability and availability of intelligent substation entire system.
In fail-safe analysis principle or theory, element can be repaired inefficacy and can simulate through the cyclic process of stable state " operation-stoppage in transit-operation ", and the element reliability here refers to the average availability factor in the long-term cyclic process of element, and its mathematical form is:
Wherein: A is a failure rate, and μ is a repair rate, and MTTR is mean time to repair, and MTTF is mean time to failure.
Here, system dependability A refers to that relaying protection and control system reach the ability that completes successfully predetermined function in the corresponding time under predetermined operating mode.
In IEC 60870-4 standard, to being defined as of reliability: " equipment or system in special time with particular case under, carry out the ability of its expectation function ".The reliability of intelligent substation system is weighed through a series of dependability parameters.
Mean free error time (MTTF) is meant that the average expected time of fault for the first time appears in equipment or system.
Mean Time To Repair is meant that faulty equipment or system obtain repairing used average time.
Comprise mean time to repair the average time (MTBF) between twice fault.
According to above-mentioned definition, following relational expression is arranged then:
MTBF＝MTTF+MTTR
Wherein, MTBF is twice average time between the fault, and MTTF is the mean free error time, and MTTR is mean time to repair.
The availability of each element is to describe the reliability index that can repair equipment or system, representes that it is in the probability of stability of operate as normal, and the availability of said each element adopts following formula to express:
Wherein, A is the availability of each element, and MTBF is twice average time between the fault, and MTTF is the mean free error time, and MTTR is mean time to repair.
Basic annexation between equipment or the system is divided into series connection and two kinds of parallel connections.
In series system, arbitrary equipment or thrashing all can cause whole system to lose efficacy, so for series system or loop, its said availability that respectively connects link equals the logical of all element availabilities in this connection link; Its system availability is expressed as:
n＝1，2，3，…，n；
Wherein, n is for constituting the element number of series system, A
StringSystem availability for series system; A
iAvailability for each element.
And in parallel system, had only when parallelly connected equipment or system lost efficacy simultaneously, just can cause thrashing.So for parallel system or loop, its said availability that respectively connects link equals the logical "or" of all element availabilities in this connection link; Its system availability is expressed as:
m＝1，2，3，…，m；
Wherein, m is for constituting the element number of series system, A
AndSystem availability for parallel system; A
iAvailability for each element.
Further, draw the notion of degree of unavailability q, adopted expression to describe:
Wherein each implication is the same, no longer narration.
Because actual run time, downtime or the repair time of transformer station's field apparatus all are can survey or recordable; So need only joining day logging modle or device in the present technique scheme; Can the present technique scheme be expanded to automatic data processing system; In real time, automatically provide each subsystem, or even the system availability of whole intelligent substation.Because timing and data processing technique are prior art; So its specific embodiments is no longer narrated at this; Those skilled in the art after grasping and understood the thinking and method that the present technique scheme deals with problems, need not to pass through performing creative labour; Can reproduce the present technique scheme, realize its technique effect.
Among Fig. 2, the same with traditional transformer substation system, intelligent substation can adopt functional redundancy to improve system reliability.
Defencive function with transformer station secondary system is an example, and the cover of two shown in this figure protection system has fully independently instrument transformer, merge cells, switch and protection IED (Intelligent Electronic Device, intelligent electronic device).
Because this figure adopts conventional sign and method for expressing in the industry, thus the concrete effect of each element, function square frame, signal flow to and the whole protecting course of action no longer narrate at this.
Because redundant notion is a prior art, so the concrete implementation procedure of the functional redundancy of defencive function shown in this figure is no longer narrated at this.
Among Fig. 3, intelligent substation adopts the parallel redundancy network configuration based on PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol), when link or exchange fault take place, can carry out seamless switching between two nets.
Propose to utilize parallel redundancy agreement PRP to improve the reliability of system in IEC 62439 standards; Redundant network claimed apparatus based on PRP comprises Dual-Ethernet controller and dual network ports; Insert two fully independently Ethernets respectively, the redundancy of implement device communication network.
Illustrated station level comprises that two overlap independently system: monitor (Station Human Machine Interface on the spot; Be called for short Station HMI) and telecontrol system (RTU; Remote Terminal Unit), arbitrary system operate as normal can be accomplished the monitoring to transformer station.Monitoring and RTU have dual network ports on the spot, insert respectively in two communication networks through switch.
Illustrated wall considers that 18 intervals are arranged, and installation interval control unit separately.Protection system adopts dualization configuration at interval, and two cover protections are independent fully.Protected location and interval control unit all have dual network ports at interval, insert in two communication networks through switch respectively.
Adopt following symbol among the figure: the TS-synchronised clock; The MU-merge cells; RPIT-distant place intelligence I/O; The SW-switch; EM-network medium (like optical fiber); The BCU-interval control unit; BPU-is protected location at interval; The BU-bay unit; RTU-terminal unit unit, all the other same Fig. 2.
Among Fig. 4, in the parallel redundancy communication network based on PRP shown in Figure 3, two networks all are the looped networks that linked to each other and form through network medium by 20 (2 of station levels, 18 of walls) switches.
Ring-network topology all provides redundancy to a certain degree for the fault of arbitrary link on the loop.The condition of ring-network topology proper communication is all operate as normal of all switches, and can only have a link to break down at the most.Therefore the link reliability expression formula is:
Wherein: A
EmBe network medium availability expression formula; N is the sum of the link between the switch in the looped network.
So the availability block diagram that obtains above-mentioned parallel redundancy communication system based on PRP is shown in this figure.
Calculating can get based on the availability of the parallel redundancy communication system of PRP:
A
Com＝1-(1-A
1)(1-A
2)
Wherein:
Each alphabetical implication can be the habitual usage and the mark of fail-safe analysis theory and power industry in the aforementioned calculation formula, specifically can no longer repeat referring to associated description and the definition in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 explanatory note, down together.
Among Fig. 5, when intelligent substation intrasystem analysis protection system availability, mainly consider the influence of network medium, merge cells, circuit breaker IED, synchronised clock and switch etc.
The interval protection system of intelligent substation adopts the complete independent protection of two covers unit, and arbitrary protected location operate as normal can be accomplished defencive function.Can obtain between event at a distance from protection system availability block diagram shown in this figure.
The interval protection system availability after the functional redundancy is adopted in calculating, can get:
A
PR＝1-(1-A
3)(1-A
4)
Wherein:
Among Fig. 6, the control unit in the control system has dual network ports, is connected to respectively in two parallel redundant communication systems through network medium, realizes the redundancy of control system communication.So control system availability block diagram is shown in this figure.
Counting period control system availability can get:
A
Con＝A
BCU×[1-(1-A
EM1)(1-A
EM2)]
Among Fig. 7, the station level system comprises two cover systems: supervisory control system (Station HMI) and telecontrol system (RTU) on the spot.Arbitrary system operate as normal can be accomplished the monitoring to transformer station; And monitoring and RTU all have dual network ports on the spot, insert respectively in two parallel redundancy communication systems through network medium.So the availability block diagram of station level system is shown in this figure.
Computer installation control layer system availability can get:
A
station＝1-(1-A
5)(1-A
6)
Wherein:
A
5＝A
HMI×[1-(1-A
EM1)(1-A
EM2)]
A
6＝A
EM3×A
RTU×[1-(1-A
EM4)(1-A
EM5)]
Among Fig. 8, provided and adopted above-mentioned definition and each equipment component Calculation of Availability result of the resulting intelligent substation of method system.
In the present technique scheme, the mean free error time of each element is that the average expected time of fault for the first time appears in equipment or system; Be that faulty equipment or system obtain repairing used average time mean time to repair; Comprise mean time to repair the average time between twice fault of each element; Following relationship is then arranged:
MTBF＝MTTF+MTTR
Wherein, MTBF is twice average time between the fault, and MTTF is the mean free error time, and MTTR is mean time to repair.
Further, the availability of each element is to describe the reliability index that can repair equipment or system, representes that it is in the probability of stability of operate as normal, and the availability of each element adopts following formula to express:
Wherein, A is the availability of each element, and MTBF is twice average time between the fault, and MTTF is the mean free error time, and MTTR is mean time to repair.
The pairing abbreviation of each element shown in the figure is habitual in the industry usage and mark, following accompanying drawing or with explanation in all continue to use mark shown in this figure and abbreviation, those skilled in the art all can understand its implication, list no longer one by one and narrate at this, down with.
By Tu Kede: in each system element, the availability of secondary cable is minimum to be 99.986%, and it is former because neededly on average safeguard that the time minimum, and the availability of examples of network communication media and optical fiber is up to 99.9997%, and it safeguards that on average the time reaches 1000 years.
So according to the characteristics of intelligent substation, the Basic Ways that improves its reliability has:
(1), replace secondary to connect lead with industry ethernet, with the quantity of element in the minimizing system significantly with optical cable Alloy instead of Copper cable;
(2) utilize network redundancy and functional redundancy to improve system reliability;
(3) self check that makes full use of system and element with keep watch on to improve system reliability.
Because under different networking modes and process layer configuration mode; The equipment of its network configuration and use is all inconsistent; So cause its reliability result to have than big-difference, following embodiment is an example with network configuration and process layer configuration mode, and the practical implementation and the application process of present technique scheme is described.
Embodiment one:
The network configuration of networking mode is as shown in Figure 9.
This networking mode is comparatively simple; Its minimal path collection has only 1 to be: TS1 → MU1 → EM1 → SW1 → PR1 → BCU1; Because it does not exist parallel line or looped network situation, so its minimal path concentrates certain equipment to break down whole network is produced considerable influence, the result of calculation of its mean down time (MTTF) is 21.74; In the network each equipment in use between under the condition of different, the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of formation is shown in figure 10.
Embodiment two:
The network configuration of networking mode two is shown in figure 11.
This networking mode part section is owing to exist parallel line, and certain each equipment breaks down in section, and its on-load can change confession by parallel line.The minimal path collection of networking mode two has 4, is respectively:
1)TS1→MU→EM→SW→PR1→BCU1
2)TS1→MU→EM→SW→PR2→BCU2
3)TS2→MU→EM→SW→PR1→BCU1
4)TS2→MU→EM→SW→PR2→BCU2
Its mean down time (MTTF) result of calculation is 45.29, in the network each equipment in use between under the condition of different, the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of formation is shown in figure 12.
Embodiment three:
The network configuration of networking mode three is shown in figure 13.
Because there is the looped network situation in this networking mode, when any apparatus broke down in the network, its rear wires road institute on-load all can change confession by All other routes.The minimal path collection of networking mode three has 8, is respectively:
1)TS1→MU1→EM1→SW1→PR1→BCU1
2)TS1→MU1→EM1→SW1→SW2→PR2→BCU2
3)TS1→MU2→EM2→SW2→SW1→PR1→BCU1
4)TS1→MU2→EM2→SW2→PR2→BCU2
5)TS2→MU2→EM2→SW2→PR2→BCU2
6)TS2→MU2→EM2→SW2→SW1→PR1→BCU1
7)TS2→MU1→EM1→SW1→PR1→BCU1
8)TS2→MU1→EM1→SW1→SW2→PR2→BCU2
Its mean down time (MTTF) result of calculation is 51.29, in the network each equipment in use between under the condition of different, the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of formation is shown in figure 14.
Can be got by the foregoing description, along with the change of network configuration, its mean down time and unreliable degree all change; Because networking mode one structure is comparatively simple; Any apparatus breaks down (especially the switch in the circuit, the element availability is lower) in the network, all can produce significant impact to circuit; So its mean down time is shorter than the mean down time of all the other several kinds of networking modes, and its unreliable degree is higher than the unreliable degree of all the other several kinds of networking modes.
Change along with network configuration; There is parallel line between each circuit or forms the looped network mode; Improved the reliability of circuit greatly; The element that availability is lower will no longer be the key element (because after it breaks down, all can change confession to its line load by All other routes) of system, thereby make the lower equipment of element availability such as switch, secondary cable no longer become the bottleneck of system reliability.
Owing to have a lot of annexations between network medium EM and the switch SW in each networking mode, looped network annexation and star-like annexation typically arranged.
Suppose to have relation in each networking mode between the EM and SW, and its annexation is the looped network connected mode that wherein the number of SW is n, when n was 2, the mean failure rate time of origin of each networking mode and unreliable degree situation of change were as shown in the table:
| The function title | MTTF/ | Unreliable degree (t=1000h) | Unreliable degree (t=10000h) | Unreliable degree (t=50000h) | Unreliable degree (t=100000h) | |
| 1 | Networking mode one | 15.48 | 0.00729801747671898760 | 0.07062949059489204700 | 0.30666286674692145000 | 0.51928361965240277000 |
| 2 | Networking mode two | 32.25 | 0.00000000283674041544 | 0.00002488536700042655 | 0.00884391917576637930 | 0.07271407662087972500 |
| 3 | Networking mode three | 35.42 | 0.00000001049299251705 | 0.00000002848101936914 | 0.00363909257259068240 | 0.01678778451430104600 |
Under the looped network connected mode, when n was 3, the mean failure rate time of origin of each networking mode and unreliable degree situation of change were as shown in the table:
| The function title | MTTF/ | Unreliable degree (t=1000h) | Unreliable degree (t=10000h) | Unreliable degree (t=50000h) | Unreliable degree (t=100000h) | |
| 1 | Networking mode one | 11.93 | 0.00945789220959358800 | 0.09065345602469721000 | 0.37820517549608756000 | 0.61337119622014868000 |
| 2 | Networking mode two | 24.86 | 0.00000000800161111412 | 0.00006753633083285780 | 0.02046019979789572000 | 0.14154466698966747000 |
| 3 | Networking mode three | 26.99 | 0.00000009017264647527 | 0.00000023989046021467 | 0.01580657092087680800 | 0.05841957244281138800 |
From above table, can find out, between EM and SW, have relation, and relation is when concerning for looped network that along with the increase of equipment in the looped network, its mean failure rate time of origin MTTF diminishes, it is big that unreliable degree becomes gradually.
When there being relation in each networking mode between EM and the SW, and its annexation is star-like connected mode, and wherein the number of plies of SW is n, and when n was 2, the mean failure rate time of origin of each networking mode and unreliable degree situation of change were as shown in the table:
| The function title | MTTF/ | Unreliable degree (t=1000h) | Unreliable degree (t=10000h) | Unreliable degree (t=50000h) | Unreliable degree (t=100000h) | |
| 1 | Networking mode one | 15.02 | 0.00752288173134429970 | 0.07273252178905365000 | 0.31447209026287204000 | 0.53005148497144416000 |
| 2 | Networking mode two | 31.28 | 0.00000000320285248743 | 0.00002798430869930195 | 0.00977976523399545600 | 0.07893547418015774100 |
| 3 | Networking mode three | 34.45 | 0.00000001265894786385 | 0.00000003431175438539 | 0.00417934444568091900 | 0.01895772133775212500 |
Under the star-like connected mode, when n was 3, the mean failure rate time of origin of each networking mode and unreliable degree situation of change were as shown in the table:
| The function title | MTTF/ | Unreliable degree (t=1000h) | Unreliable degree (t=10000h) | Unreliable degree (t=50000h) | Unreliable degree (t=100000h) | |
| 1 | Networking mode one | 11.52 | 0.00979409917141382810 | 0.09373522403711420600 | 0.38867029023837840000 | 0.62627598596277145000 |
| 2 | Networking mode two | 24.00 | 0.00000000920148640586 | 0.00007719893106815622 | 0.02282051171567479500 | 0.15383779181667018000 |
| 3 | Networking mode three | 26.13 | 0.00000011106450975515 | 0.00000029485868359017 | 0.01815449096753789200 | 0.06561859007908822600 |
Can find out from above table, between EM and SW, have relation, and concern when being star-like the relation, along with the increase of equipment in the network, its mean failure rate time of origin MTTF reduces, and it is big that unreliable degree becomes gradually.
From structural analysis to ring network and Star Network; Can draw as drawing a conclusion: along with having subnet between EM and the SW in each networking mode; Because the increase of equipment in the subnet, the probability that whole networking mode breaks down become big, so the reliability of whole network is reducing.
Embodiment four:
The network structure of process layer typical module 1 is shown in figure 15.
Wherein, PT is an electromagnetic potential transformer, and CT is an electromagnetic current transducer, and DL is a secondary cable, and the implication of all the other each abbreviations is the same, narration no longer one by one, down together.
Adopt the present technique scheme to analyze, the result of calculation of its mean down time (MTTF) is 19.62, in the network each equipment in use between under the condition of different, the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of formation is shown in figure 16.
Embodiment five:
The network structure of process layer typical module 2 is shown in figure 17.
Adopt the present technique scheme to analyze, the result of calculation of its mean down time (MTTF) is 38.02, in the network each equipment in use between under the condition of different, the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of formation is shown in figure 18.
Embodiment six:
The network structure of process layer typical module 3 is shown in figure 19.
Adopt the present technique scheme to analyze, the result of calculation of its mean down time (MTTF) is 38.12, in the network each equipment in use between under the condition of different, the curve chart of the unreliable degree of system of formation is shown in figure 20.
Mean failure rate time of origin (MTTF) under its each Typical Disposition pattern is as shown in the table with the detailed calculated result of the unreliable degree of each usage time interval of equipment:
| The function title | MTTF/ | Unreliable degree (t=1000h) | Unreliable degree (t=10000h) | Unreliable degree (t=50000h) | Unreliable degree (t=100000h) | |
| 1 | |
19.62 | 0.00977856764497597730 | 0.09359306502894126800 | 0.38819066609104580000 | 0.62568933894188172000 |
| 2 | |
38.02 | 0.00000000077808570551 | 0.00000100613560564671 | 0.00037495442975202226 | 0.01502806085947952900 |
| 3 | |
38.12 | 0.00000000077689636790 | 0.00000099575835502675 | 0.00036781337550796851 | 0.01475144049733928200 |
By last Biao Kede, to mode 3, its mean failure rate time of origin is elongated from process layer Typical Disposition pattern 1; And along with the change of MTTF is big; In the same time period that equipment uses, the unreliable degree of equipment is diminishing in its network configuration, and for identical process layer Typical Disposition pattern; The time of using along with equipment is increasing, and the unreliable degree of equipment is becoming big in its network configuration.
Can find out with mode 3 from last table process layer Typical Disposition pattern 2; Its network configuration is identical, and unique different equipment that is pattern 2 adopts is electromagnetic potential/current transformer, is electronic type voltage/current transformer and mode 3 adopts; And can find out that according to last table the electromagnetic potential current transformer safeguards that the time is less than the electronic type voltage current transformer; Study that it is former because along with the change of network configuration and equipment, cause the interdependent degree between the equipment to diminish gradually, network configuration is more reliable; And equipment after changing the number of times and the time of the required average maintenance of new equipment shorten, the reliability of equipment is improving gradually.
The present technique scheme is to the electrical secondary system of intelligent substation; Introduce the notion of reliability model, write down, add up, conclude and analyze the average time between mean free error time of each system of transformer station, equipment, mean time to repair and twice fault, adopt link reliability algorithm; Utilize the availability block diagram; Carry out quantitative Analysis and assessment, take all factors into consideration the various possible factors of the system failure, calculate the dependability parameter of each corresponding system of whole transformer station or functional layer; Development trend according to the average time between mean free error time of each equipment that constitutes transformer station secondary system or device, mean time to repair or twice fault; Judgment device can guarantee the time or the development trend of normal operation, sorts according to reliability index and degree of risk, in time finds the weak link of secondary device in the intelligent substation; Formulate the corresponding apparatus maintenance scheduling; In time, carry out scheduled overhaul, replacing or transformation, improved the reliability and availability of intelligent substation entire system problem or the problematic equipment of possibility are arranged.
The present invention can be widely used in system design, traffic control or the equipment control field of intelligent substation.
Claims (8)
1. an intelligent substation electrical secondary system reliability estimation method is characterized in that described reliability estimation method comprises the following steps: at least
A, according to the function or the purposes of equipment, be communication subsystem, RACS, protected subsystem and station level subsystem with the intelligent substation system divides;
B, with individual device involved in each sub-systems or device, the abstract different elements that constitutes each sub-systems that is summarised as;
C, add up the mean free error time and the mean time to repair of each element in each sub-systems respectively, and then obtain the average time between twice fault of each element;
D, through the average time between described mean free error time, mean time to repair and twice fault; Obtain the availability of each element;
E, according to the serial or parallel connection between each element relation, confirm the connection chain line structure of said each sub-systems, obtain the availability block diagram of this subsystem;
F, according to the availability block diagram of said each sub-systems and the availability of each element, obtain the system availability of said each sub-systems;
G, for each sub-systems, with optical cable Alloy instead of Copper cable, replace secondary to connect lead with industry ethernet, with the quantity of element in the minimizing system, improve the system availability of this subsystem; Perhaps, through network redundancy or functional redundancy are set, improve the system availability of this subsystem; Perhaps, utilize the self check and the supervision of system and element, improve the system availability of this subsystem;
H, in said each sub-systems; According to each element availability order from low to high; Confirm the element that availability is lower, at scheduled overhaul or carry out in the process of electric network reconstruction the plan of giving priority in arranging for; The element lower to availability carries out scheduled overhaul, replacing or transformation, improves the reliability of transmission line secondary circuit.
2. according to the described intelligent substation electrical secondary system of claim 1 reliability estimation method, it is characterized in that described reliability estimation method, for the electrical secondary system of transformer station; Introduce the notion of reliability model, write down, add up, conclude and analyze the average time between mean free error time of each equipment of transformer station, mean time to repair and twice fault, adopt link reliability algorithm; Utilize the availability block diagram; Carry out qualitative assessment, the various possible factors of the system failure are connected, calculate the dependability parameter of whole transformer station; Development trend according to the average time between mean free error time of each equipment that constitutes transformer station secondary system or device, mean time to repair or twice fault; Judgment device can guarantee the time or the development trend of normal operation, sorts according to reliability index and degree of risk, in time finds the weak link of secondary device in the intelligent substation; Formulate the corresponding apparatus maintenance scheduling; In time, carry out scheduled overhaul, replacing or transformation, to improve the reliability and availability of intelligent substation entire system to problem or the problematic equipment of possibility are arranged.
3. according to the described intelligent substation electrical secondary system of claim 1 reliability estimation method, the mean free error time that it is characterized in that said each element is that the average expected time of fault for the first time appears in equipment or system; Be that faulty equipment or system obtain repairing used average time described mean time to repair; Comprise mean time to repair the average time between twice fault of said each element; Following relationship is then arranged:
MTBF＝MTTF+MTTR
Wherein, MTBF is twice average time between the fault, and MTTF is the mean free error time, and MTTR is mean time to repair.
4. according to the described intelligent substation electrical secondary system of claim 1 reliability estimation method; The availability that it is characterized in that said each element is to describe the reliability index that can repair equipment or system; Represent that it is in the probability of stability of operate as normal, the availability of said each element adopts following formula to express:
Wherein, A is the availability of each element, and MTBF is twice average time between the fault, and MTTF is the mean free error time, and MTTR is mean time to repair.
5. according to the described intelligent substation electrical secondary system of claim 1 reliability estimation method, it is characterized in that for series loop that its said availability that respectively connects link equals the logical of all element availabilities in this connection link; For the shunt circuit, its said availability that respectively connects link equals the logical "or" of all element availabilities in this connection link.
6. according to claim 1 or 5 described intelligent substation electrical secondary system reliability estimation methods, it is characterized in that for described series loop, its system availability is expressed as:
n＝1，2，3，…，n；
Wherein, n is for constituting the element number of series system, A
StringSystem availability for series system; A
iAvailability for each element.
7. according to claim 1 or 5 described intelligent substation electrical secondary system reliability estimation methods, it is characterized in that for described shunt circuit, its system availability is expressed as:
m＝1，2，3，…，m；
Wherein, m is for constituting the element number of series system, A
AndSystem availability for parallel system; A
iAvailability for each element.
8. according to the described intelligent substation electrical secondary system of claim 1 reliability estimation method; It is characterized in that described reliability estimation method is divided into a plurality of subfunction such as communication, control, protection and station level system with the intelligent substation system by function; By mean free error time of equipment in each sub-systems and mean time to repair parameter, utilize the availability block diagram, obtain the dependability parameter of each sub-systems of whole transformer station; Simultaneously; Can guarantee normal time or the development trend of moving according to each equipment, sort, in time find the weak link of secondary device in the intelligent substation according to reliability index and degree of risk; Thereby find out the weak link of intelligent substation electrical secondary system; Improve the reliability of intelligent substation electrical secondary system, and then improve the reliability of intelligent substation electrical secondary system, finally reach the purpose that improves power supply quality.
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