CN105865085A - Coupled saline water layer forced convection well type ground-source heat pump system and operation method - Google Patents
Coupled saline water layer forced convection well type ground-source heat pump system and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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Abstract
本发明提供一种耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统及运行方法，该热泵系统组成热泵机组用户侧供热、供冷循环回路，热泵机组地源侧供热、供冷循环回路及咸水层抽、灌井强制对流循环回路，通过运行方法实现多种运行模式。本发明效果是加大地埋管换热强度，避免埋管换热器“热短路”、“热干扰”现象的发生，解决环渤海低平原区建筑负荷季节性比例失调引起的土壤热失衡问题。在咸水循环系统中增加换热器，与地埋管中循环溶液换热，在加强埋管地下换热的同时有效调节建筑负荷高峰。开拓了土壤源热泵系统作为浅层地热能在绿色建筑提升、改造中的应用领域，进而降低建筑的能源供应与二氧化碳减排量。
The invention provides a forced convection well-type soil source heat pump system coupled with saline water layer and its operation method. The heat pump system consists of a heating and cooling circulation loop on the user side of the heat pump unit, and a heating and cooling circulation loop on the ground source side of the heat pump unit. The forced convection circulation circuit for the pumping of the saline layer and the filling well realizes various operating modes through operating methods. The effect of the invention is to increase the heat transfer intensity of the buried pipe, avoid the occurrence of "thermal short circuit" and "thermal interference" of the buried pipe heat exchanger, and solve the problem of soil thermal imbalance caused by the seasonal imbalance of building load in the low plain area around the Bohai Sea. A heat exchanger is added to the salt water circulation system to exchange heat with the circulating solution in the buried pipe, which can effectively adjust the peak load of the building while strengthening the underground heat transfer of the buried pipe. The ground source heat pump system has been developed as the application field of shallow geothermal energy in the upgrading and renovation of green buildings, thereby reducing the building's energy supply and carbon dioxide emission reduction.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统及运行方法，属于浅层地热能开发利用领域与暖通空调领域。本技术可有效缓解土壤源热泵地埋管换热器“热短路”、“热干扰”现象，解决土壤热失衡问题。特别适用于浅层咸水资源储量丰富，季节性建筑冷、热负荷比例失调的环渤海低平原区。The invention relates to a forced convection well-type soil source heat pump system coupled with saline water layer and an operation method thereof, belonging to the field of development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy and the field of heating, ventilating and air conditioning. This technology can effectively alleviate the "thermal short circuit" and "thermal interference" phenomena of the ground-buried pipe heat exchanger of the soil source heat pump, and solve the problem of soil thermal imbalance. It is especially suitable for the low plain area around the Bohai Sea where there are abundant reserves of shallow saline water resources and the imbalance of seasonal building cooling and heating loads.
背景技术Background technique
土壤源热泵是利用地下土壤温度全年相对稳定的特性，通过深埋于建筑物周围的换热管路和热泵系统与建筑物内部进行热交换，从而达到为建筑物制冷和供暖的空调系统，因其具有稳定性好、可靠性高、高效节能、环境效益好等优点，应用前景相当广阔。然而，随着土壤源热泵应用地域的延伸及其使用规模的不断扩大，土壤热失衡现象逐渐显现。土壤热失衡的最大危害在于长期运行后埋管区域土壤的“冷、热堆积”，这会导致土壤温度逐渐偏离其作为理想冷、热源时的原始温度，并呈现出逐年升高(供冷为主的地区)或降低(供暖为主的地区)趋势，从而导致热泵蒸发温度的降低或冷凝温度的升高，最终会使系统运行效率降低甚至恶化，从而失去土壤源热泵所具有的节能优势。The ground source heat pump is an air conditioning system that uses the relatively stable temperature of the underground soil throughout the year to exchange heat with the interior of the building through the heat exchange pipelines and heat pump systems buried deep around the building, so as to achieve cooling and heating for the building. Because of its advantages such as good stability, high reliability, high efficiency and energy saving, and good environmental benefits, the application prospect is quite broad. However, with the extension of the application area of the ground source heat pump and the continuous expansion of the scale of use, the phenomenon of soil heat imbalance gradually appears. The greatest harm of soil heat imbalance lies in the "cold and hot accumulation" of the soil in the buried pipe area after long-term operation, which will cause the soil temperature to gradually deviate from its original temperature as an ideal cold and heat source, and show an increase year by year (cooling is Main areas) or decrease (heating-dominated areas) trend, resulting in a decrease in the heat pump evaporation temperature or an increase in the condensation temperature, which will eventually reduce or even deteriorate the system operating efficiency, thus losing the energy-saving advantages of the ground source heat pump.
目前，土壤源热泵应用中的土壤热失衡问题以及埋管间“热短路”、“热干扰”已逐渐引起业内人士的重视，针对冷热负荷非平衡地区，相继提出了一些调控土壤热平衡的措施。现有的解决方案中，增加埋管数量、增大地埋管间距等将造成初期投资的增加且只能减缓土壤温度变化，不能从根本上解决土壤热失衡问题，并且不适用于我国城镇高密度建筑群的使用。增加太阳能集热器作为辅助热源，或以冷却塔、冷却水池作为辅助散热设备，则在增加初期投资的同时，造成系统复杂程度提高，运行可靠性降低。At present, the problem of soil heat imbalance in the application of soil source heat pumps and the "thermal short circuit" and "thermal interference" between buried pipes have gradually attracted the attention of the industry. For areas with unbalanced cold and heat loads, some measures to regulate soil heat balance have been proposed one after another. . Among the existing solutions, increasing the number of buried pipes and increasing the distance between buried pipes will increase the initial investment and can only slow down the change of soil temperature, but cannot fundamentally solve the problem of soil thermal imbalance, and is not suitable for high-density cities and towns in my country. Use of the complex. Adding solar heat collectors as auxiliary heat sources, or using cooling towers and cooling pools as auxiliary heat dissipation equipment will increase the initial investment while increasing the complexity of the system and reducing operational reliability.
当前土壤源热泵垂直埋管深度在地下60-120m，在该地下埋深区域，我国环渤海低平原区具有比较丰富的地下咸水资源，据估算咸水资源总储量在2500×108m3。根据现场勘测调研，地下水温度一般在13-15℃，底界埋深为40-160m，含水砂层厚度在6-15m之间。地下浅层咸水资源具有储量大、分布广、埋藏浅、易开采、补给快、能耗低、封闭条件好的特点，符合长期、可持续开发、综合利用的标准。地埋管换热器在含水层中热运移包括：对流换热、热传导、热弥散效应，其中热传导系数在数值上小于对流换热系数几倍甚至十几倍,而对流换热与热弥散强弱变化主要取决于含水层中渗流速度。根据研究结果，当地下水流速为30m/y时，地埋管换热器的换热能力比无渗流时增大约30％。因此，将丰富的地下浅层咸水资源与土壤源热泵系统相结合，探索一种高效、节能的耦合式土壤源热泵系统，作为调控土壤热失衡的有效措施。经检索已经公开的中国专利文献，尚无该方向的相关专利文件。At present, the depth of vertical buried pipes of soil source heat pumps is 60-120m underground. In this buried depth area, the low plains around the Bohai Sea in China have relatively rich underground saline water resources. It is estimated that the total reserves of saline water resources are 2500×10 8 m 3 . According to on-site investigation and investigation, the groundwater temperature is generally 13-15°C, the buried depth of the bottom boundary is 40-160m, and the thickness of the water-bearing sand layer is between 6-15m. Underground shallow saline water resources have the characteristics of large reserves, wide distribution, shallow burial, easy mining, fast recharge, low energy consumption, and good sealing conditions, which meet the standards of long-term, sustainable development, and comprehensive utilization. The heat transfer of buried tube heat exchangers in the aquifer includes: convective heat transfer, heat conduction, and heat dispersion effects. The strength changes mainly depend on the seepage velocity in the aquifer. According to the research results, when the groundwater flow rate is 30m/y, the heat transfer capacity of the buried tube heat exchanger increases by about 30% compared with that without seepage. Therefore, a high-efficiency, energy-saving coupled ground-source heat pump system is explored as an effective measure to regulate soil thermal imbalance by combining the abundant underground shallow saline water resources with the ground-source heat pump system. After searching the published Chinese patent documents, there is no relevant patent document in this direction.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有土壤源热泵系统中的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统及运行方法，以利于将丰富的环渤海低平原区地下浅层咸水资源与土壤源热泵系统相结合，成为避免地埋管换热器“热短路”、“热干扰”，调控土壤热失衡的有效措施。开拓了土壤源热泵系统作为浅层地热能在绿色建筑提升、改造中的应用领域，进而降低建筑的能源供应与二氧化碳减排量，对加速环渤海地区的可持续发展与宜居生态城市建设步伐都具有重要意义。Aiming at the deficiencies in the existing soil source heat pump system, the object of the present invention is to provide a forced convection well type soil source heat pump system coupled with saline water layer and its operation method, so as to facilitate the utilization of abundant underground shallow saline water in the low plain area around the Bohai Sea The combination of resources and soil source heat pump system has become an effective measure to avoid "thermal short circuit" and "thermal interference" of buried pipe heat exchangers, and to regulate soil thermal imbalance. The ground source heat pump system has been developed as an application field of shallow geothermal energy in the upgrading and renovation of green buildings, thereby reducing the building's energy supply and carbon dioxide emission reduction, and accelerating the pace of sustainable development and livable ecological city construction in the Bohai Rim region are all significant.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是提供一种耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统，该土壤源热泵系统作用于环渤海低平原区底界埋深为40-160m储量的咸水层，并与热用户相连接，其中：该系统包括有热泵机组、地埋管换热器、咸水层抽水井、咸水层回灌井、板式换热器、变频潜水泵、地埋管侧循环泵、热用户侧循环泵、回灌井加压泵、观测井、回灌水储液罐、地下水温监控系统、回灌渗水砂池、水温监测探头；所述热泵机组的用户侧出口依次连接用户循环水泵、提供空调负荷的热用户回到地源热泵机组用户端，构成热泵机组用户侧供热、供冷循环回路；所述热泵机组的地埋管换热器侧出口依次连接地埋管换热器、地埋管侧循环泵、板式换热器，通过第一阀门回到地源热泵机组地埋管换热器端，构成热泵机组地源侧供热、供冷循环回路；所述咸水层抽水井依次连接变频潜水泵、板式换热器，通过回灌水储液罐及除砂装置回到回灌井，构成咸水层抽、灌井循环回路；所述抽水井与回灌井，在地埋管换热器井群区域两端沿咸水层水力坡度方向依次布置，在回路中设置回灌加压泵，为防止回灌堵塞或者停电等突发事件，抽、回灌井功能可以互换，并且回路中安装回灌水储液罐及除砂装置，同时抽、回灌井均设有回灌渗水砂池。In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a ground source heat pump system coupled with forced convection in the saline water layer, which acts on the bottom boundary of the low plain area around the Bohai Sea with a reserve depth of 40-160m. The saline layer is connected to heat users, where: the system includes heat pump units, buried tube heat exchangers, saline layer pumping wells, saline layer recharge wells, plate heat exchangers, frequency conversion submersible pumps, ground Buried pipe side circulation pump, heat user side circulation pump, recharge well booster pump, observation well, recharge water storage tank, underground water temperature monitoring system, recharge seepage water sand tank, water temperature monitoring probe; the user side of the heat pump unit The outlets are sequentially connected to the user's circulating water pump, and the heat users that provide the air-conditioning load return to the user end of the ground source heat pump unit to form a heat supply and cooling circulation loop on the user side of the heat pump unit; The buried pipe heat exchanger, the buried pipe side circulation pump, and the plate heat exchanger return to the buried pipe heat exchanger end of the ground source heat pump unit through the first valve, forming a heat supply and cooling circulation loop on the ground source side of the heat pump unit The pumping well in the salt water layer is connected to the frequency conversion submersible pump and the plate heat exchanger in turn, and returns to the recharging well through the recharge water storage tank and the desanding device to form a circulation loop for pumping and filling the well in the salt water layer; the pumping well and reinjection wells are arranged sequentially along the hydraulic gradient direction of the saline water layer at both ends of the buried tube heat exchanger well group area, and a reinjection booster pump is installed in the circuit. 1. The functions of the recharge wells can be interchanged, and the recharge water storage tank and sand removal device are installed in the circuit. At the same time, the pumping and recharge wells are equipped with recharge seepage sand tanks.
同时提供一种利用所述的耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统的运行方法。At the same time, it provides an operation method of the forced convection well type soil source heat pump system using the coupled saline water layer.
本发明的效果是与常规土壤源热泵系统相比具有以下优点：The effect of the present invention is that it has the following advantages compared with conventional soil source heat pump systems:
1、充分利用我国环渤海低平原区地下浅层储量丰富的咸水资源，通过在地埋管换热器井群区域两端布设抽、灌井，形成咸水循环系统，引起咸水层渗流溶液发生强制对流，加大地埋管换热强度，避免埋管换热器“热短路”、“热干扰”现象的发生，解决建筑负荷季节性比例失调引起的土壤热失衡问题。1. Make full use of the abundant saline water resources in the shallow underground in the low plains around the Bohai Sea in my country. By arranging pumping and irrigation wells at both ends of the well group of buried tube heat exchangers, a saline water circulation system is formed to cause seepage solution in the saline water layer. Forced convection occurs, increasing the heat transfer intensity of buried pipes, avoiding the occurrence of "thermal short circuit" and "thermal interference" of buried pipe heat exchangers, and solving the problem of soil heat imbalance caused by seasonal imbalance of building load.
2、在咸水循环系统中增加换热器，根据建筑空调负荷变化特征，与地埋管中循环溶液换热，在加强埋管地下换热的同时有效调节建筑负荷高峰。2. A heat exchanger is added to the salt water circulation system to exchange heat with the circulating solution in the buried pipe according to the changing characteristics of the building's air-conditioning load, and effectively adjust the peak load of the building while strengthening the underground heat transfer of the buried pipe.
3、在耦合系统中，仅增加了板式换热器及相关附件，所需初投资较低，且管道连接形式简单。由于咸水层循环过程加大地埋管换热强度，可以有效缩小井孔布置区域，减少地埋管换热器井孔数量30％，钻井深度可减少40％，根据预算分析，对于相同的建筑空调负荷，初投资可以减少15％～25％，适用于环渤海低平原区新建或改造的土壤源热泵工程。3. In the coupling system, only the plate heat exchanger and related accessories are added, the required initial investment is low, and the pipeline connection form is simple. Due to the increased heat transfer intensity of buried pipes in the saline layer circulation process, the layout area of well holes can be effectively reduced, the number of well holes of buried pipe heat exchangers can be reduced by 30%, and the drilling depth can be reduced by 40%. According to the budget analysis, for the same building Air-conditioning load, the initial investment can be reduced by 15% to 25%, which is suitable for newly built or renovated soil source heat pump projects in the low plain area around the Bohai Sea.
4、引入地埋管换热器实际换热量Q与最大换热量Q’的比值，换热器能效系数E作为地埋管换热器传热性能评价参数。针对当前普遍适用的地下埋深120m，2U型DN25HDPE地埋管换热器，土壤源热泵机组热源侧进/出水温度在制冷工况下为25℃/30℃；制热工况下为7℃/3℃。分析结果表明：利用环渤海低平原区地下浅层咸水资源的耦合强制对流井模式，在夏季制冷、冬季制热阶段2U型管进出口温差均大于常规地埋管换热模式，能效系数E分别高于后者25.1％、20.8％。由于咸水层中存在强制渗流过程，换热器与其所在岩土层的传热是在温度梯度与水动力梯度共同作用下的对流换热、热传导与热弥散效应相互耦合的传热过程，可以有效、及时将热量迁移出井群周围，缓解岩土层热堆积，最终提高埋设于咸水层中地埋管的换热能力。4. Introduce the ratio of the actual heat transfer Q of the buried tube heat exchanger to the maximum heat transfer Q', and the energy efficiency coefficient E of the heat exchanger is used as the heat transfer performance evaluation parameter of the buried tube heat exchanger. For the current generally applicable buried depth of 120m, 2U type DN25HDPE buried tube heat exchanger, the temperature of the heat source side inlet/outlet water of the soil source heat pump unit is 25°C/30°C under cooling conditions; 7°C under heating conditions /3°C. The analysis results show that: using the coupled forced convection well model of underground shallow saline water resources in the low plain area around the Bohai Sea, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the 2U-shaped tube is greater than that of the conventional buried tube heat transfer model in the summer cooling and winter heating stages, and the energy efficiency coefficient E Respectively higher than the latter 25.1%, 20.8%. Due to the forced seepage process in the saline layer, the heat transfer between the heat exchanger and the rock-soil layer is a heat transfer process that is coupled with convective heat transfer, heat conduction, and thermal dispersion effects under the combined action of temperature gradient and hydrodynamic gradient. Effectively and timely transfer heat out of the surrounding wells, alleviate heat accumulation in rock and soil layers, and ultimately improve the heat transfer capacity of buried pipes buried in saline water layers.
本发明以低初投资、低运行能耗与简单的系统连接形式，充分利用环渤海低平原区浅层咸水资源，与土壤源热泵系统相结合，成为避免地埋管换热器“热短路”、“热干扰”，调控土壤热失衡的有效措施。开拓了土壤源热泵系统作为浅层地热能在绿色建筑提升、改造中的应用领域，进而降低建筑的能源供应与二氧化碳减排量，对加速环渤海地区的可持续发展与宜居生态城市建设步伐都具有重要意义。With low initial investment, low operating energy consumption and simple system connection form, the present invention makes full use of the shallow saline water resources in the low plain area around the Bohai Sea, and combines it with the soil source heat pump system to avoid the "thermal short circuit" of the buried pipe heat exchanger. ", "thermal disturbance", effective measures to regulate soil thermal imbalance. The ground source heat pump system has been developed as an application field of shallow geothermal energy in the upgrading and renovation of green buildings, thereby reducing the building's energy supply and carbon dioxide emission reduction, and accelerating the pace of sustainable development and livable ecological city construction in the Bohai Rim region are all significant.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统图；Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a forced convection well type soil source heat pump coupled with a saline water layer according to the present invention;
图2是本发明耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵井管布置图。Fig. 2 is a diagram of the layout of the well tubes of the forced convection well type soil source heat pump coupled with saline water layer according to the present invention.
图中：In the picture:
1、热用户 2、热泵机组 3、地埋管换热器井群 4、抽水井 5、回灌井1. Heat users 2. Heat pump units 3. Buried tube heat exchanger wells 4. Pumping wells 5. Reinjection wells
6、板式换热器 7、变频潜水泵 8、地埋管侧循环泵 9、热用户侧循环泵6. Plate heat exchanger 7. Frequency conversion submersible pump 8. Buried pipe side circulation pump 9. Thermal user side circulation pump
10、回灌井加压泵 11、换热器地埋管循环液第一阀门10. Reinjection well booster pump 11. The first valve of the circulating fluid in the buried pipe of the heat exchanger
12、换热器地埋管循环液第二阀门 13、换热器抽-灌井水第一阀门12. The second valve of the circulating fluid of the buried pipe of the heat exchanger 13. The first valve of the pumping and filling well water of the heat exchanger
14、换热器抽-灌井水第二阀门 15、咸水层 16、黏土隔水层14. Heat exchanger pumping-filling well water second valve 15. Salt water layer 16. Clay water-resisting layer
17、观测井 18、回灌水储液罐及除砂装置 19、地下水位、水温监控系统20、抽灌井系统第一阀门 21、抽灌井系统第二阀门17. Observation well 18. Recharge water storage tank and desanding device 19. Groundwater level and water temperature monitoring system 20. First valve of pumping and irrigation well system 21. Second valve of pumping and irrigation well system
22、抽灌井系统第三阀门 23、抽灌井系统第四阀门22. The third valve of pumping and irrigation well system 23. The fourth valve of pumping and irrigation well system
24、回灌渗水砂池 25、水温监测探头24. Refill seepage sand tank 25. Water temperature monitoring probe
具体实施方式detailed description
结合附图对本发明的耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统及运行方法加以说明。The combined saline layer forced convection well type soil source heat pump system and operation method of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明的耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统及运行方法设计思想是基于在常规土壤源热泵系统的基础上增加环渤海地区的咸水层循环、换热系统及其附件，根据建筑空调负荷特征与地埋管换热器所在区域土壤温度的变化，可实现多种运行模式。The design idea of the forced convection well-type soil source heat pump system and its operating method coupled with saline water layer of the present invention is based on adding the saline water layer circulation, heat exchange system and its accessories in the Bohai Rim area on the basis of the conventional soil source heat pump system, according to the construction The characteristics of the air-conditioning load and the change of the soil temperature in the area where the buried pipe heat exchanger is located can realize various operation modes.
本发明的耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统，该土壤源热泵系统作用于环渤海低平原区底界埋深为40-160m储量的咸水层，并与热用户1相连接，该系统包括有热泵机组2、地埋管换热器3、咸水层抽水井4、咸水层回灌井5、板式换热器6、变频潜水泵7、地埋管侧循环泵8、热用户侧循环泵9、回灌井加压泵10、观测井17、回灌水储液罐18、地下水温监控系统19、回灌渗水砂池24、水温监测探头25；所述热泵机组2的用户侧出口依次连接用户循环水泵9、提供空调负荷的热用户1回到地源热泵机组2用户端，构成热泵机组用户侧供热、供冷循环回路；所述热泵机组2的地埋管换热器侧出口依次连接地埋管换热器3、地埋管侧循环泵8、板式换热器6，通过第一阀门11回到地源热泵机组2地埋管换热器端，构成热泵机组地源侧供热、供冷循环回路；所述咸水层抽水井4依次连接变频潜水泵7、板式换热器6，通过回灌水储液罐及除砂装置18回到回灌井5，构成咸水层抽、灌井循环回路；所述抽水井4与回灌井5，在地埋管换热器井群3区域两端沿咸水层水力坡度方向依次布置，在回路中设置回灌加压泵10，为防止回灌堵塞或者停电等突发事件，抽、回灌井功能可以互换，并且回路中安装回灌水储液罐及除砂装置18，同时抽、回灌井均设有回灌渗水砂池24。The forced convection well-type soil source heat pump system coupled with saline water layer of the present invention, the soil source heat pump system acts on the saline water layer with a buried depth of 40-160m at the bottom of the low plain area around the Bohai Sea, and is connected to the heat user 1, The system includes a heat pump unit 2, a buried pipe heat exchanger 3, a salt water layer pumping well 4, a salt water layer recharge well 5, a plate heat exchanger 6, a frequency conversion submersible pump 7, a buried pipe side circulation pump 8, Heat user side circulating pump 9, recharge well booster pump 10, observation well 17, recharge water storage tank 18, underground water temperature monitoring system 19, recharge seepage water sand tank 24, water temperature monitoring probe 25; the heat pump unit 2 The user side outlet is sequentially connected to the user circulating water pump 9, and the heat user 1 that provides the air-conditioning load returns to the user end of the ground source heat pump unit 2 to form a heat supply and cooling circulation loop at the user side of the heat pump unit; the buried pipe of the heat pump unit 2 is replaced The outlet on the side of the heater is connected to the buried pipe heat exchanger 3, the buried pipe side circulation pump 8, and the plate heat exchanger 6 in sequence, and returns to the buried pipe heat exchanger end of the ground source heat pump unit 2 through the first valve 11 to form a heat pump. The heating and cooling circulation circuit on the ground source side of the unit; the pumping well 4 in the saline layer is connected to the frequency conversion submersible pump 7 and the plate heat exchanger 6 in sequence, and returns to the recharging well 5 through the refilling water storage tank and the desanding device 18 , constituting the saline water layer pumping and irrigation well circulation loop; the pumping well 4 and the recharge well 5 are arranged in sequence along the hydraulic gradient direction of the saline water layer at both ends of the buried tube heat exchanger well group 3 area, and are set in the loop The recharge booster pump 10, in order to prevent emergencies such as recharge blockage or power failure, the functions of the pumping and recharging wells can be interchanged, and a refilling water storage tank and a sand removal device 18 are installed in the circuit to simultaneously pump and recharge the wells All are equipped with recharge seepage sand tank 24.
在地埋管换热器井群3区域的内部布设观测井孔17，在观测井孔17及抽水井4与回灌井5内部均设置测温探头25。Observation wells 17 are arranged inside the area of the buried tube heat exchanger well group 3, and temperature measuring probes 25 are arranged inside the observation wells 17, the pumping wells 4 and the reinjection wells 5.
利用所述的耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统的运行方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Utilizing the operation method of the forced convection well type soil source heat pump system coupled with saline water layer, the method includes the following steps:
在制冷与供热运行初期与末期，关闭咸水层抽、灌井循环回路，打开热泵机组地源侧供热、供冷循环回路中第一阀门11，关闭回路中第二阀门12，系统作为常规单一土壤源热泵运行。In the initial and final stages of cooling and heating operation, close the circulation loop of salt water layer pumping and well filling, open the first valve 11 in the heating and cooling circulation loop on the ground source side of the heat pump unit, and close the second valve 12 in the loop. The system works as Conventional single ground source heat pump operation.
当测温探头25监测到土壤源热泵运行过程中地埋管换热器井群3所在土壤温度出现大于或小于初始温度1℃的变化时，开启咸水层抽、灌循环回路，在抽水井变频潜水泵7与回灌加压泵10的作用下，打开换热器抽-灌井水第一阀门13，关闭换热器抽-灌井水第二阀门14，使咸水层出现强制对流；When the temperature measuring probe 25 detects that the temperature of the soil where the buried tube heat exchanger well group 3 is located changes by 1°C greater than or less than the initial temperature during the operation of the soil source heat pump, the pumping and irrigation circulation loop of the saline layer is started, and the pumping well Under the action of the frequency conversion submersible pump 7 and the refilling booster pump 10, the first valve 13 for pumping and filling the well water of the heat exchanger is opened, and the second valve 14 for pumping and filling the well water of the heat exchanger is closed, so that forced convection occurs in the saline water layer ;
在供冷与供热工况下，地埋管换热器井群3的进/出水温差分别小于5℃、4℃时，打开换热器抽-灌井水第二阀门14与换热器地埋管循环液第二阀门12，关闭换热器抽-灌井水第一阀门13与换热器地埋管循环液第一阀门11，在抽水井变频潜水泵7与回灌加压泵10的作用下，地下咸水进入换热器6与地埋管换热器井群3中循环溶液换热。Under the cooling and heating conditions, when the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the buried tube heat exchanger well group 3 is less than 5°C and 4°C respectively, the second valve 14 of the heat exchanger to pump and fill the well water and the heat exchanger are opened. The second valve 12 of the circulating fluid of the buried pipe closes the first valve 13 of the pumping-filling well water of the heat exchanger and the first valve 11 of the circulating fluid of the buried pipe of the heat exchanger. Under the action of 10, the underground salt water enters the heat exchanger 6 to exchange heat with the circulating solution in the buried tube heat exchanger well group 3.
如图2所示的耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵井管布置图，在地埋管换热器井群3布置区域两端，沿咸水层15水力坡度方向依次布置抽水井4与回灌井5，抽水井4、回灌井5的井径、井深以及所利用的咸水层15根据现场勘测结果确定；抽、回灌总水量与抽水井4、回灌井5比例以及之间距离根据现场抽水试验以及建筑空调负荷确定，针对环渤海平原区咸水层水文地质特征，建议抽水井4、回灌井5比例大于1:3。系统采用同期加压回灌模式，在回路中设置回灌加压泵10，为防止回灌堵塞或者停电等突发事件，抽、回灌井功能可以互换，并且回路中安装回灌水储液罐及除砂装置18，同时抽、回灌井均设有回灌渗水砂池24，以重力回灌作为辅助回灌方式。在地埋管换热器井群区域布设观测井孔17，设置测温探头25，当监测到土壤源热泵运行过程中地埋管换热器所在土壤温度出现变化时，开启咸水层抽、灌循环系统，在抽水井变频潜水泵7与回灌加压泵10的作用下，使咸水层出现强制对流，增加对流换热能力，提高地埋管换热器系统运行效率，消除地埋管换热器“热短路”、“热干扰”，避免土壤出现冷、热堆积。As shown in Figure 2, the coupled saline layer forced convection well type soil source heat pump well tube layout diagram, at both ends of the buried tube heat exchanger well group 3 layout area, the pumping wells 4 are arranged in sequence along the hydraulic gradient direction of the saline water layer 15 With reinjection well 5, well diameter, well depth of pumping well 4, reinjection well 5 and the saline layer 15 utilized are determined according to field survey results; The distance between them is determined according to the on-site pumping test and the building air-conditioning load. According to the hydrogeological characteristics of the saline water layer in the Bohai Rim Plain, it is recommended that the ratio of pumping well 4 and recharge well 5 be greater than 1:3. The system adopts the simultaneous pressurization and recharge mode, and a recharge booster pump 10 is installed in the circuit. In order to prevent emergencies such as recharge blockage or power failure, the functions of the pumping and recharge wells can be interchanged, and the recharge water storage liquid is installed in the circuit. Tanks and desanding devices 18, while pumping and recharging wells are all equipped with recharging seepage sand tanks 24, and gravity recharging is used as an auxiliary recharging method. Arrange observation wells 17 in the area of the buried tube heat exchanger well group, and set up a temperature measuring probe 25. When the temperature of the soil where the buried tube heat exchanger is located changes during the operation of the soil source heat pump, start the salt water layer pumping, The irrigation circulation system, under the action of the frequency conversion submersible pump 7 of the pumping well and the recharging pressurization pump 10, causes forced convection in the saline water layer, increases the convective heat transfer capacity, improves the operating efficiency of the buried pipe heat exchanger system, and eliminates the need for buried pipes. Tube heat exchanger "thermal short circuit" and "thermal interference" to avoid cold and heat accumulation in the soil.
如图1所示的耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统图。土壤源热泵供热、供冷模式中：在热泵系统供热与供冷阶段末期，关闭地下咸水抽、灌井变频潜水泵7与回灌加压泵10以及环路中换热器抽-灌井水第一阀门13、换热器抽-灌井水第二阀门14，单独运行土壤源热泵系统。循环溶液通过埋设于黏土隔水层16与咸水层15的地埋管换热器向土壤换热后，通过地埋管侧循环泵8与换热器地埋管循环液第一阀门11进入热泵机组2进行制冷与制热，回到地埋管换热器井群3，构成供热、供冷循环回路，通过热用户侧循环泵9为热用户1提供空调负荷。由于在供热与供冷阶段末期，建筑空调负荷较低，地埋管换热完全可以单独承担换热能力。将土壤源热泵作为一种以地下土壤作为蓄能体的跨季节地下蓄能与释能系统，在不影响系统正常运行的前提下，适当在埋管换热器所在土壤中蓄存一定的“冷量”与“热量”，在下一个供冷与供热阶段初期，岩土层温度高于初始状态，与埋管内循环溶液温差增大，从而增强了该阶段地埋管换热能力。As shown in Figure 1, the coupled saline layer forced convection well type ground source heat pump system diagram. In the heating and cooling mode of the ground source heat pump: at the end of the heating and cooling stages of the heat pump system, close the underground salt water pumping, irrigation well frequency conversion submersible pump 7 and recharge booster pump 10, and the heat exchanger pumping in the loop- The first valve 13 for filling the well water and the second valve 14 for pumping and filling the well water by the heat exchanger operate the soil source heat pump system independently. The circulating solution passes through the buried pipe heat exchanger buried in the clay water-resisting layer 16 and the saline water layer 15 to exchange heat with the soil, and then enters through the buried pipe side circulating pump 8 and the first valve 11 of the buried pipe circulating fluid of the heat exchanger. The heat pump unit 2 performs refrigeration and heating, and returns to the buried tube heat exchanger well group 3 to form a heating and cooling cycle loop, and provides air conditioning load for the heat user 1 through the heat user side circulation pump 9 . Since the air conditioning load of the building is relatively low at the end of the heating and cooling stages, the buried pipe heat exchange can fully undertake the heat exchange capacity alone. The soil source heat pump is used as a cross-season underground energy storage and energy release system using the underground soil as the energy storage body. Under the premise of not affecting the normal operation of the system, a certain amount of "energy" is properly stored in the soil where the buried tube heat exchanger is located. At the beginning of the next cooling and heating stage, the temperature of the rock and soil layer is higher than the initial state, and the temperature difference with the circulating solution in the buried pipe increases, thereby enhancing the heat exchange capacity of the buried pipe at this stage.
本发明的耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统及运行方法，充分利用环渤海低平原区地下浅层温度在13-15℃，底界埋深为40-160m，含水砂层厚度在6-15m之间特有的储量丰富、抽灌便捷的咸水资源，开发设计了本耦合咸水层强制对流井式土壤源热泵系统，包括以下三种独立的运行模式：The forced convection well type soil source heat pump system and operation method coupled with saline water layer of the present invention make full use of the temperature of the shallow underground layer in the low plain area around the Bohai Sea at 13-15°C, the buried depth of the bottom boundary is 40-160m, and the thickness of the water-bearing sand layer is at The unique saline water resources with rich reserves and convenient pumping and irrigation between 6-15m, developed and designed this coupled saline layer forced convection well type soil source heat pump system, including the following three independent operation modes:
1、耦合咸水层强制对流井土壤源热泵供热、供冷模式：在热泵系统运行期间，通过设置在观测井孔17中测温探头监测到地埋管换热器井群4在供热与供冷阶段，所在土壤温度出现下降与上升，开启咸水层抽水井变频潜水泵7，打开换热器抽-灌井水第一阀门11，关闭换热器抽-灌井水第二阀门12。通过地下咸水抽、灌循环，增强咸水层中渗流速度，利用咸水循环流动提高埋管换热器井群4在咸水层中的对流换热能力，消除冷、热堆积。1. Coupled saline layer forced convection well soil source heat pump heating and cooling mode: During the operation of the heat pump system, the temperature measurement probe installed in the observation well hole 17 can monitor the heat supply of the buried tube heat exchanger well group 4 In the cooling stage, when the soil temperature drops and rises, turn on the frequency conversion submersible pump 7 for the pumping well in the saline layer, open the first valve 11 for pumping and filling the well water of the heat exchanger, and close the second valve for pumping and filling the well water of the heat exchanger 12. Through underground saline water pumping and irrigation circulation, the seepage velocity in the saline water layer is enhanced, and the convective heat transfer capacity of the buried tube heat exchanger well group 4 in the saline water layer is improved by using the saline water circulation flow, so as to eliminate cold and heat accumulation.
2、耦合咸水层强制对流井换热土壤源热泵供热、供冷模式：在建筑空调负荷接近、达到运行峰值时，打开换热器抽-灌井水第二阀门12，关闭换热器抽-灌井水第一阀门11，地下咸水进入换热器6与地埋管中循环溶液换热，在强化埋管地下换热的同时有效调节建筑负荷高峰。当前，制冷工况下，土壤源热泵机组2热源侧进/出水温度通常为25℃-30℃；制热工况下，土壤源热泵机组2热源侧进/出水温度通常为7℃-3℃。然而地下咸水温度保持在13-15℃左右，因此在制热与制冷工况中均可以有效提高或者降低进入热泵机组循环溶液温度，提高机组的运行效率。针对当前普遍适用的地下埋深120m，2U型DN25HDPE地埋管换热器，对于相同建筑空调负荷，采用耦合咸水层强制对流井换热土壤源热泵供热、供冷模式，根据计算分析，充分利用环渤海低平原区浅层咸水资源，可以有效缩小井孔布置区域，减少地埋管换热器井孔数量30％，钻井深度可减少40％，初投资可以减少15％～25％。在夏季制冷、冬季制热阶段2U型管进出口温差均大于常规地埋管换热模式，能效系数E分别高于常规单一土壤源热泵25.1％、20.8％。适用于环渤海低平原区新建或改造的土壤源热泵工程。2. Coupled with forced convection well heat exchange in saline water layer, soil source heat pump heating and cooling mode: when the building air conditioning load is close to and reaches the peak operating value, open the second valve 12 of the heat exchanger to pump and fill the well water, and close the heat exchanger The first valve 11 for pumping and filling the well water, the underground salt water enters the heat exchanger 6 to exchange heat with the circulating solution in the buried pipe, and effectively adjusts the peak load of the building while strengthening the underground heat transfer of the buried pipe. At present, under the cooling condition, the inlet/outlet water temperature of the heat source side of the soil source heat pump unit 2 is usually 25°C-30°C; under the heating condition, the inlet/outlet water temperature of the heat source side of the soil source heat pump unit 2 is usually 7°C-3°C . However, the temperature of underground salt water is kept at about 13-15°C, so it can effectively increase or decrease the temperature of the circulating solution entering the heat pump unit in both heating and cooling conditions, and improve the operating efficiency of the unit. For the currently widely applicable 120m underground buried pipe heat exchanger with 2U type DN25HDPE buried pipe, for the same building air conditioning load, the ground source heat pump heating and cooling mode coupled with forced convection well heat exchange in the saline layer is adopted. According to the calculation and analysis, Making full use of shallow saline water resources in the low plains around the Bohai Sea can effectively reduce the layout area of well holes, reduce the number of well holes for buried tube heat exchangers by 30%, reduce the drilling depth by 40%, and reduce the initial investment by 15% to 25%. . In the summer cooling and winter heating stages, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the 2U-shaped tube is greater than that of the conventional buried tube heat transfer mode, and the energy efficiency coefficient E is 25.1% and 20.8% higher than that of the conventional single soil source heat pump, respectively. It is suitable for newly built or renovated soil source heat pump projects in the low plain area around the Bohai Sea.
3、土壤源热泵供热、供冷模式：在供热与供冷阶段末期，关闭地下咸水抽、灌井循环，单独运行土壤源热泵系统。在供热与供冷阶段末期，建筑空调负荷较低，地埋管换热完全可以单独承担换热能力。同时，充分考虑到地下土壤是具有蓄能功能的“蓄能体”，而不是简单的“冷源”或“热源”，土壤源热泵实质上是一种以地下土壤作为蓄能体的跨季节地下蓄能与释能系统。因此，在供热与供冷阶段末期，在不影响系统正常运行的前提下，适当在埋管换热器井群所在土壤中蓄存一定的“冷量”与“热量”，在下一个供冷与供热阶段初期，可以增加埋管换热器井群中循环溶液与土壤之间的温度差，提高机组运行效率。3. Ground source heat pump heating and cooling mode: At the end of the heating and cooling phase, the circulation of underground salt water pumping and irrigation wells is closed, and the soil source heat pump system is operated independently. At the end of the heating and cooling stage, the air-conditioning load of the building is low, and the heat exchange of the buried pipe can fully bear the heat exchange capacity alone. At the same time, fully considering that the underground soil is an "energy storage body" with energy storage function, rather than a simple "cold source" or "heat source", the ground source heat pump is essentially a cross-seasonal energy storage system that uses the underground soil as an energy storage body. Underground energy storage and energy release system. Therefore, at the end of the heating and cooling stage, without affecting the normal operation of the system, a certain amount of "cooling" and "heat" should be properly stored in the soil where the buried tube heat exchanger well group is located, and it will be used in the next cooling At the beginning of the heating stage, the temperature difference between the circulating solution and the soil in the well group of buried tube heat exchangers can be increased, and the operating efficiency of the unit can be improved.
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