CN105863869B - 一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法 - Google Patents
一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Abstract
本发明所述的一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,以高岭土为主要原料,加入纳米二氧化锆、氮化硅等原料,生产工艺科学,制作方便,生产周期短,生产成本低,生态环保;其活塞顶部的耐磨层能够有效地阻隔燃烧室高温对铜镍镁铝合金活塞体的影响,热膨胀系数接近于零,不吸水,绝缘性能好,结构致密均匀,抗冲击与耐腐蚀优良性能,抗压强度高,收缩率小,耐高温、耐磨损,不开裂,耐磨层莫氏硬度达到8.2,使用寿命长,综合性能优异,有利于大批量工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于柴油机加工技术领域,具体涉及一种在柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法。
背景技术
柴油发动机的优点是功率大、经济性能好,柴油发动机的工作过程是经历进气、压缩、做功、排气四个行程,工作时进入气缸的是空气,活塞在气缸内上下运动,空气压缩到极限时,温度可达500-700℃,压力可达40-50个大气压,活塞接近上止点时,发动机上的高压泵通过喷油器以高压向气缸中喷射柴油,柴油形成细微的油粒,在高压高温的环境下猛烈膨胀,产生爆发力,推动活塞下行做功,此时的温度可达1000℃以上,压力可达60-100个大气压,产生的功率很大,所以柴油发动机广泛的应用于大型柴油汽车上,柴油发动机气缸中的混合气是压燃的,而不是点燃的,在实际工作过程中,由于长时间工作,高温会使活塞顶部会产生裂纹,严重时会产生环岸断裂,现在有部分厂家利用陶瓷材料的耐高温特性在活塞顶部制造陶瓷层,但由于陶瓷材料的脆性易碎、装配、使用强度,因而在陶瓷内燃机的制作和使用上都存在困难,加工难度大,可靠性、稳定性难以保证。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明公开了一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,能够有效地阻隔燃烧室高温对金属活塞体的影响,耐高温、耐磨、抗压,使用寿命长。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备原料:按照质量份数由以下组分组成:纳米二氧化锆2-3份、氧化镁10-12份,氮化硅12-18份,羟丙基甲基纤维素5-7份, 高岭土30-38份,木质纤维3-5份,氧化铬4-6份,二氧化锰8-11份,砂轮细屑4-8份,氧化铝3-10份,硅树脂1-2份,乙酸1-2份;
(2)将高岭土、砂轮细屑磨细到200-250目,筛滤;
(3)将步骤(2)后的材料及纳米二氧化锆、氧化镁、氮化硅、羟丙基甲基纤维素、木质纤维、氧化铬、二氧化锰加水混合搅拌1-2h,保持温度75-80℃;
(4)将步骤(3)后的混合物密封放置8-10天,期间定期喷乙酸,保持温度55-60℃,压力0.7-0.9 MPa;
(5)将活塞顶部加工,中间为圆形凹槽,四周为活塞壁,活塞壁内侧有固定凹槽;
(6)将活塞预热到160-180℃,
(7)将氧化铝与硅树脂混合,均匀涂抹在活塞顶部内壁里,将步骤(4)后的混合物填满凹槽和固定凹槽内,混合物高出活塞顶部2-3mm;
(8)将步骤(7)后的活塞放入真空炉内,在850-870℃、压力4-5MPa的条件下保温2-3小时,取出喷水冷却至室温,上机床精加工表面;
(9)将步骤(8)后的活塞放入加热炉内,在320-350℃的条件下保温4-5小时,取出风冷至室温。
步骤(1)所述纳米二氧化锆的尺寸为50-80nm。
所述步骤(4)喷乙酸为每隔1-2天喷一次。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明所述的一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,利用纳米二氧化锆、氮化硅为原料,生产工艺科学,制作方便,生产周期短,生产成本低,生态环保;其活塞顶部的耐磨层能够有效地阻隔燃烧室高温对铜镍镁铝合金活塞体的影响,热膨胀系数接近于零,不吸水,绝缘性能好,结构致密均匀,抗冲击与耐腐蚀优良性能,抗压强度高,收缩率小,耐高温、耐磨损,不开裂,耐磨层莫氏硬度达到8.2,使用寿命长,综合性能优异,有利于大批量工业化生产。
本发明工艺科学,制作方便,以高岭土为主要原料,加入纳米二氧化锆、氮化硅等原料来制作耐磨层,是加强版的陶瓷层,其中纳米二氧化锆能够在工艺上使得耐磨层更加致密,增加其韧性,防止开裂并降低其烧结时的温度,氮化硅本身具有润滑性,密度小、并且耐磨损,抗腐蚀能力强,高温时也能抗氧化,加入氮化硅后能抵抗瞬间热冲击,而且温度急剧上升也不会碎裂,加入的砂轮细屑为砂轮加工打磨铸件的时候,相互摩擦产生的颗粒状废料,砂轮细屑里含有大量的Si02、Al203、铁屑,陈化加热时可以使其他物料易于熔融,使耐磨层更加均匀、密实,强度增加,不易开裂,其中铁屑是以Fe2O3等高阶铁的形式存在的,这是一种强有力的助熔剂,能降低烧结温度,在原料里加入一定量的木质纤维,提高粘接性与抗冲击的能力,延长使用寿命。
本发明在步骤(4)对原料混合物进行密封放置,使原料能够进行离子交换,保证表面和内部的性能均匀,本发明在保持温度55-60℃,压力0.7-0.9 MPa,期间定期喷乙酸,经过8-10天后,能够使水化和离子交换进行的更加充分,提高原料的塑性,还能够加快氧化还原反应.使原料松软均匀,增加塑性、提高流动性和粘接性,在原料里加入一定量的二氧化锰,在密封放置时能够加快氧化还原反应。使原料松软均匀,而且在烧制时其热分解放出的活性氧加快了着火初期的火焰传播速度,提高助燃效果,经过本发明所述的加压密封放置,其耐磨层的抗压强度提高40%,塑性指数提高2-3,韧性提高,不易开裂。
本发明在步骤(5)将活塞顶部加工,中间为圆形凹槽,四周为活塞壁,活塞壁内侧有固定凹槽,原料填入、烧结后稳定,不易损坏,使用时间长,步骤(7)将氧化铝与硅树脂混合,均匀涂抹在活塞顶部内壁里,再将混合物填满凹槽和固定凹槽内,这种氧化铝粉末烧结法能够使耐磨层与活塞连接牢靠,减少内应力,延长使用寿命。
本发明在步骤(8)里的烧结温度、压力、时间能够使高岭土、纳米二氧化锆、氮化硅、砂轮细屑、木质纤维、氧化铬等原料制成的耐磨层,提高凝结度,内部密实,整个耐磨层不仅强度、硬度高,坚实,耐磨损,韧性提高,而且能够降低废气排量,步骤(9)加热到320-350℃再风冷至室温,能够消除耐磨层与铜镍镁铝合金活塞的内应力,提高产品质量,延长使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
附图标记列表:
1、活塞,2、活塞顶部,3、耐磨层,4、凹槽,5、固定凹槽。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例所述的一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备原料:按照质量份数由以下组分组成:纳米二氧化锆3份、氧化镁11份,氮化硅14份,羟丙基甲基纤维素6份, 高岭土33份,木质纤维4份,氧化铬5份,二氧化锰10份,砂轮细屑5份,氧化铝6份,硅树脂2份,乙酸1份;
(2)将高岭土、砂轮细屑磨细到200目,筛滤;
(3)将步骤(2)后的材料及纳米二氧化锆、氧化镁、氮化硅、羟丙基甲基纤维素、木质纤维、氧化铬、二氧化锰加水混合搅拌1h,保持温度78℃;
(4)将步骤(3)后的混合物密封放置9天,期间每隔2天喷乙酸一次,保持温度58℃,压力0.8 MPa;
(5)将活塞顶部加工,中间为圆形凹槽,四周为活塞壁,活塞壁内侧有固定凹槽;
(6)将活塞预热到170℃,
(7)将氧化铝与硅树脂混合,均匀涂抹在活塞顶部内壁里,将步骤(4)后的混合物填满凹槽和固定凹槽内,混合物高出活塞顶部3mm;
(8)将步骤(7)后的活塞放入真空炉内,在860℃、压力5 MPa的条件下保温2小时,取出喷水冷却至室温,上机床精加工表面;
(9)将步骤(8)后的活塞放入加热炉内,在340℃的条件下保温4小时,取出风冷至室温。
步骤(1)所述纳米二氧化锆的尺寸为60nm。
本实施例所述的耐磨层的主要技术指标为:
粒子尺寸 0.2μm
密度 2.6g/cm3
常温抗拉强度 280MPa
高温抗拉强度(300℃) 124MPa
高温抗拉强度(350℃) 88MPa
体积稳定性 ≤0.012%D
线膨胀系数(20-350℃) 19.4×10-6㎜/℃
耐磨性比现用铜镍镁铝合金活塞提高2.5倍
其它符合GB/T1148-98《内燃机铝活塞技术条件》。
实施例2
本实施例所述的一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备原料:按照质量份数由以下组分组成:纳米二氧化锆3份、氧化镁10份,氮化硅12份,羟丙基甲基纤维素7份, 高岭土30份,木质纤维5份,氧化铬4份,二氧化锰11份,砂轮细屑4份,氧化铝10份,硅树脂2份,乙酸2份;
(2)将高岭土、砂轮细屑磨细到200目,筛滤;
(3)将步骤(2)后的材料及纳米二氧化锆、氧化镁、氮化硅、羟丙基甲基纤维素、木质纤维、氧化铬、二氧化锰加水混合搅拌2h,保持温度75℃;
(4)将步骤(3)后的混合物密封放置10天,期间每隔1天喷乙酸一次,保持温度60℃,压力0.7 MPa;
(5)将活塞顶部加工,中间为圆形凹槽,四周为活塞壁,活塞壁内侧有固定凹槽;
(6)将活塞预热到180℃,
(7)将氧化铝与硅树脂混合,均匀涂抹在活塞顶部内壁里,将步骤(4)后的混合物填满凹槽和固定凹槽内,混合物高出活塞顶部2mm;
(8)将步骤(7)后的活塞放入真空炉内,在870℃、压力4MPa的条件下保温3小时,取出喷水冷却至室温,上机床精加工表面;
(9)将步骤(8)后的活塞放入加热炉内,在320℃的条件下保温5小时,取出风冷至室温。
步骤(1)所述纳米二氧化锆的尺寸为50nm。
本实施例所述的耐磨层的主要技术指标为:
粒子尺寸 0.23μm
密度 2.64g/cm3
常温抗拉强度 260MPa
高温抗拉强度(300℃) 110MPa
高温抗拉强度(350℃) ≥84MPa
体积稳定性 0.015%D
线膨胀系数(20-300℃) 19.8×10-6㎜/℃
耐磨性比现用普通铝硅合金活塞提高2倍
其它符合GB/T1148-98《内燃机铝活塞技术条件》。
实施例3
本实施例所述的一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备原料:按照质量份数由以下组分组成:纳米二氧化锆3份、氧化镁10份,氮化硅16份,羟丙基甲基纤维素5份, 高岭土36份,木质纤维3份,氧化铬6份,二氧化锰8份,砂轮细屑8份,氧化铝3份,硅树脂1份,乙酸1份;
(2)将高岭土、砂轮细屑磨细到250目,筛滤;
(3)将步骤(2)后的材料及纳米二氧化锆、氧化镁、氮化硅、羟丙基甲基纤维素、木质纤维、氧化铬、二氧化锰加水混合搅拌1h,保持温度80℃;
(4)将步骤(3)后的混合物密封放置8天,期间每隔2天喷乙酸一次,保持温度55℃,压力0.9 MPa;
(5)将活塞顶部加工,中间为圆形凹槽,四周为活塞壁,活塞壁内侧有固定凹槽;
(6)将活塞预热到160℃,
(7)将氧化铝与硅树脂混合,均匀涂抹在活塞顶部内壁里,将步骤(4)后的混合物填满凹槽和固定凹槽内,混合物高出活塞顶部3mm;
(8)将步骤(7)后的活塞放入真空炉内,在850℃、压力5MPa的条件下保温2小时,取出喷水冷却至室温,上机床精加工表面;
(9)将步骤(8)后的活塞放入加热炉内,在350℃的条件下保温4小时,取出风冷至室温。
步骤(1)所述纳米二氧化锆的尺寸为80nm。
本实施例所述的耐磨层的主要技术指标为:
粒子尺寸 0.3μm
密度 2.68g/cm3
常温抗拉强度 267MPa
高温抗拉强度(300℃) 118MPa
高温抗拉强度(350℃) 82MPa
体积稳定性 0.014%D
线膨胀系数(20-300℃) 20.3×10-6㎜/℃
耐磨性比现用普通铝硅合金活塞提高2倍
其它符合GB/T1148-98《内燃机铝活塞技术条件》。
Claims (3)
1.一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)准备原料:按照质量份数由以下组分组成:纳米二氧化锆2-3份、氧化镁10-12份,氮化硅12-18份,羟丙基甲基纤维素5-7份, 高岭土30-38份,木质纤维3-5份,氧化铬4-6份,二氧化锰8-11份,砂轮细屑4-8份,氧化铝3-10份,硅树脂1-2份,乙酸1-2份;
(2)将高岭土、砂轮细屑磨细到200-250目,筛滤;
(3)将步骤(2)后的材料及纳米二氧化锆、氧化镁、氮化硅、羟丙基甲基纤维素、木质纤维、氧化铬、二氧化锰加水混合搅拌1-2h,保持温度75-80℃;
(4)将步骤(3)后的混合物密封放置8-10天,保持温度55-60℃,压力0.7-0.9 MPa;
(5)将活塞顶部加工,中间为圆形凹槽,四周为活塞壁,活塞壁内侧有固定凹槽;
(6)将活塞预热到160-180℃,
(7)将氧化铝与硅树脂混合,均匀涂抹在活塞顶部内壁里,将步骤(4)后的混合物填满凹槽和固定凹槽内,混合物高出活塞顶部2-3mm;
(8)将步骤(7)后的活塞放入真空炉内,在850-870℃、压力4-5MPa的条件下保温2-3小时,取出喷水冷却至室温,上机床精加工表面;
(9)将步骤(8)后的活塞放入加热炉内,在320-350℃的条件下保温4-5小时,取出风冷至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述纳米二氧化锆的尺寸为50-80nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种柴油机活塞顶部镶嵌耐磨层制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)喷乙酸为每隔1-2天喷一次。
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