CN107056260A - 一种用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107056260A
CN107056260A CN201710305073.5A CN201710305073A CN107056260A CN 107056260 A CN107056260 A CN 107056260A CN 201710305073 A CN201710305073 A CN 201710305073A CN 107056260 A CN107056260 A CN 107056260A
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康世豪
康涵笑
康晓旭
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Henan Hongyu New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。以重量百分含量表示，本发明环保型无水炮泥主要由原料0～3mm的铝矾土、200目的铝矾土、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖、0～3mm的焦粉、0～1mm的硅石、粘土、云母、200目的碳化硅、200目的回收碳化硅、氮化硅铁、沥青、180目的回收镁碳砖、煤焦油和树脂组成。将固体原料放入搅拌机中搅匀，然后加入液体原料搅拌，将所得泥状半成品放入挤泥机中挤出成圆柱状产品即环保型无水炮泥。本发明原料组成中采用了大量的回收耐高温材料，很大程度上有效地节约了不可再生资源，有利于环保，具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。

Description

一种用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐火材料及其制备方法，具体涉及一种用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。
背景技术
高炉出铁口是高炉排出铁水的咽喉，由于高炉的大型化和强化冶炼技术的应用，出铁次数增加，因而其工艺条件变得更加苛刻。炮泥是用来封堵出铁口的耐火材料，目前可分为有水炮泥和无水炮泥两大类；有水炮泥用在顶压较低、强化冶炼程度不高的中、小型高炉；无水炮泥用在顶压较高、强化冶炼程度高的大中型高炉上。随着高炉冶炼不断强化，生产水平越来越高，高炉铁口工作好坏就显得越来越重要，对高炉铁口工作的要求也越来越高。
目前，对于无水炮泥封堵炼铁高炉出铁口，要求无水炮泥具有良好的填充性和烧结性；稳定出铁，要求无水炮泥易开铁口和耐侵蚀、冲刷，开口时不喷溅，保护高炉炉缸，要求炮泥迅速加热时没有裂纹，并且新旧炮泥的结合强度高；开口性能好，开口机钻头容易钻孔；适度的可塑性，便于泥炮的操作和形成铁口泥包；良好的体积稳定性，在高温下体积变化小，不会由于收缩而渗漏铁水；环保，要求炮泥遇高温时产生的烟量小，开口时不喷溅。
目前，国内小型炼铁高炉渐渐淘汰，取而代之的是大型炼铁高炉。其特点是冶炼强度高，大型炼铁高炉风压高，顶压高，产量高，对炮泥的要求也相当高。另外国家政策注重的是环保，在能满足炼铁高炉生产的同时，无水炮泥还要具有一定的环保性能。冶炼行业在生产运营过程中也同时产生了很多废旧的耐高温材料。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：针对目前炼铁高炉出铁口对所用无水炮泥各种性能的要求，本发明提供一种各性能优异的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本发明无水炮泥原料配方采用了大量的回收耐高温材料，很大程度上有效地节约了不可再生资源，有利于环保，具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。
为了解决上述问题，本发明采取的技术方案是：
本发明提供一种用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，以重量百分含量表示，所述环保型无水炮泥主要由原料0～3mm的铝矾土26～28%、200目的铝矾土5～10%、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖5～10%、0～3mm的焦粉5～8%、0～1mm的硅石2～3%、粘土2～3%、云母2～3%、200目的碳化硅3～5%、200目的回收碳化硅3～5%、氮化硅铁5～8%、沥青3～5%、180目的回收镁碳砖10～15%、煤焦油10～15%和树脂5～10%组成。
根据上述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，所述铝矾土中氧化铝的质量百分含量≥85%。
根据上述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，所述回收硅莫砖中主要成分Al2O3的质量百分含量＞50%，SiO2和SiC二者质量百分含量之和＞20%。
根据上述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，所述焦粉中主要成分是固定碳，碳质量百分含量≥85%。
根据上述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，所述硅石中主要成分SiO2的质量百分含量≥95%。
根据上述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，所述碳化硅中主要成分SiC的质量百分含量≥90%；所述回收碳化硅中主要成分SiC的质量百分含量≥75%。
根据上述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，所述氮化硅铁中主要成分Si3N4的质量百分含量≥96%。
根据上述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，所述回收镁碳砖中主要成分是MgO和C，其中MgO的质量百分含量≥75%，C的质量百分含量≥10%。
根据上述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，所述树脂为热固性液体酚醛树脂。
另外，提供一种上述用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
a、首先按照上述的环保型无水炮泥的配料比例配制各种原料；
b、将步骤a配制好的固体原料放入无水炮泥搅拌机中搅拌均匀，搅拌过程中控制温度为100～110℃；搅拌均匀后加入液体原料进行搅拌，搅拌时间为30～50min；
c、步骤b搅拌结束后得到泥状半成品，将所得泥状半成品放入挤泥机中挤出，得到圆柱体产品即环保型无水炮泥；最后进行包装，得到成品。
本发明采用的硅莫砖是以莫来石和碳化硅为主的复合砖，其主要原材料是由刚玉、碳化硅和莫来石组成，其主要特性是结构致密，耐磨性好，高温性能好；一般回收硅莫砖中主要成分Al2O3的质量百分含量＞50%，SiO2和SiC二者质量百分含量之和＞20%。采用的焦粉中主要成分是固定碳，碳质量百分含量≥85%，并且焦粉表面布满气孔，炮泥经高温燃烧后会产生大量气体，焦粉的加入能够提高炮泥的透气性。采用的硅石中主要成分是SiO2，其质量百分含量≥95%，硅石具有受热膨胀的作用，硅石的加入经高温后能够使炮泥体积增大，从而更好的封堵出铁口通道。采用的沥青为改质沥青，软化点在108左右，灰分0.1%左右。采用的煤焦油恩氏黏度在300秒以上，水分要求0.5%以下。采用的回收镁碳砖中主要成分是MgO和C，MgO的质量百分含量≥75%，C的质量百分含量≥10%，MgO和Al2O3经高温能够形成为镁铝尖晶石，具有良好的抗热震、耐热侵蚀的效果。采用的树脂为热固性液体酚醛树脂，酚醛树脂重要的应用是作为粘结剂，最重要的特性是耐高温，同时具有高残炭率、低烟低毒、抗化学性的特征；采用酚醛树脂作为环保型无水炮泥的结合剂可以大大的提高炮泥的环保性。
本发明的积极有益效果：
1、本发明无水炮泥原料配方采用了大量的回收耐高温材料，很大程度上有效地节约了不可再生资源，有利于环保，具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。
2、利用本发明技术方案制备环保型无水炮泥，工艺过程环保。本发明产品经高温燃烧后，所产生的有害气体少；高炉出铁开口时不喷溅。
3、利用本发明技术方案制备的产品环保型无水炮泥具有良好的塑性、易开口、耐冲刷、抗热震、不扩径；并且，本发明产品烧结性能好：可以在短时间内充分烧结，节省出铁间隔时间。
4、利用本发明技术方案制备所得产品环保型无水炮泥的相关性能检测数据详见表1。
。
具体实施方式：
以下结合实施例进一步阐述本发明，但并不限制本发明的保护内容。
本发明实施例中采用的铝矾土中氧化铝的质量百分含量≥85%；回收硅莫砖中主要成分Al2O3的质量百分含量＞50%，SiO2和SiC二者质量百分含量之和＞20%；焦粉中主要成分是固定碳，碳质量百分含量≥85%；硅石中主要成分SiO2的质量百分含量≥95%；碳化硅中主要成分SiC的质量百分含量≥90%；所述回收碳化硅中主要成分SiC的质量百分含量≥75%；氮化硅铁中主要成分Si3N4的质量百分含量≥96%；回收镁碳砖中主要成分是MgO和C，其中MgO的质量百分含量≥75%，C的质量百分含量≥10%。
实施例1：
本发明用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，以重量百分含量表示，由原料0～3mm的铝矾土27%、200目的铝矾土6%、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖7%、0～3mm的焦粉6%、0～1mm的硅石2%、粘土2%、云母2%、200目的碳化硅4%、200目的回收碳化硅4%、氮化硅铁6%、改质沥青4%、180目的回收镁碳砖12%、煤焦油12%和热固性液体酚醛树脂6%组成。
实施例2：
本发明用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，以重量百分含量表示，由原料0～3mm的铝矾土28%、200目的铝矾土5%、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖5%、0～3mm的焦粉5%、0～1mm的硅石3%、粘土3%、云母3%、200目的碳化硅5%、200目的回收碳化硅3%、氮化硅铁5%、改质沥青5%、180目的回收镁碳砖15%、煤焦油10%和热固性液体酚醛树脂5%组成。
实施例3：
本发明用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，以重量百分含量表示，由原料0～3mm的铝矾土26%、200目的铝矾土10%、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖6%、0～3mm的焦粉8%、0～1mm的硅石2%、粘土2%、云母2%、200目的碳化硅3%、200目的回收碳化硅5%、氮化硅铁5%、改质沥青3%、180目的回收镁碳砖10%、煤焦油10%和热固性液体酚醛树脂8%组成。
实施例4：
本发明用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，以重量百分含量表示，由原料0～3mm的铝矾土26%、200目的铝矾土5%、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖10%、0～3mm的焦粉5%、0～1mm的硅石2%、粘土2%、云母2%、200目的碳化硅3%、200目的回收碳化硅3%、氮化硅铁8%、改质沥青3%、180目的回收镁碳砖10%、煤焦油11%和热固性液体酚醛树脂10%组成。
实施例5：
本发明用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，以重量百分含量表示，由原料0～3mm的铝矾土26%、200目的铝矾土8%、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖8%、0～3mm的焦粉5%、0～1mm的硅石2.5%、粘土2.5%、云母2%、200目的碳化硅3%、200目的回收碳化硅4%、氮化硅铁5%、改质沥青4%、180目的回收镁碳砖10%、煤焦油15%和热固性液体酚醛树脂5%组成。
实施例6：
本发明用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，以重量百分含量表示，由原料0～3mm的铝矾土27%、200目的铝矾土6%、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖10%、0～3mm的焦粉5%、0～1mm的硅石2%、粘土2%、云母2%、200目的碳化硅3%、200目的回收碳化硅3%、氮化硅铁5%、改质沥青5%、180目的回收镁碳砖15%、煤焦油10%和热固性液体酚醛树脂5%组成。
本发明实施例1～6所述用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥的制备方法，该制备方法的详细步骤如下：
a、首先按照任一实施例所述的环保型无水炮泥的配料比例配制各种原料；
b、将步骤a配制好的固体原料放入无水炮泥搅拌机中搅拌均匀，搅拌过程中控制温度为100℃；搅拌均匀后加入液体原料进行搅拌，搅拌时间为40min；
c、步骤b搅拌结束后得到泥状半成品，将所得泥状半成品放入挤泥机中挤出，得到圆柱体产品即环保型无水炮泥；最后进行包装，得到成品。

Claims (10)

1.一种用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：以重量百分含量表示，所述环保型无水炮泥主要由原料0～3mm的铝矾土26～28%、200目的铝矾土5～10%、0～3mm的回收硅莫砖5～10%、0～3mm的焦粉5～8%、0～1mm的硅石2～3%、粘土2～3%、云母2～3%、200目的碳化硅3～5%、200目的回收碳化硅3～5%、氮化硅铁5～8%、沥青3～5%、180目的回收镁碳砖10～15%、煤焦油10～15%和树脂5～10%组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述铝矾土中氧化铝的质量百分含量≥85%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述回收硅莫砖中主要成分Al2O3的质量百分含量＞50%，SiO2和SiC二者质量百分含量之和＞20%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述焦粉中主要成分是固定碳，碳质量百分含量≥85%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述硅石中主要成分SiO2的质量百分含量≥95%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述碳化硅中主要成分SiC的质量百分含量≥90%；所述回收碳化硅中主要成分SiC的质量百分含量≥75%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述氮化硅铁中主要成分Si3N4的质量百分含量≥96%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述回收镁碳砖中主要成分是MgO和C，其中MgO的质量百分含量≥75%，C的质量百分含量≥10%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述树脂为热固性液体酚醛树脂。
10.一种权利要求1所述用来封堵炼铁高炉出铁口的环保型无水炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
a、首先按照权利要求1所述的环保型无水炮泥的配料比例配制各种原料；
b、将步骤a配制好的固体原料放入无水炮泥搅拌机中搅拌均匀，搅拌过程中控制温度为100～110℃；搅拌均匀后加入液体原料进行搅拌，搅拌时间为30～50min；
c、步骤b搅拌结束后得到泥状半成品，将所得泥状半成品放入挤泥机中挤出，得到圆柱体产品即环保型无水炮泥；最后进行包装，得到成品。
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