CN105840466A - 一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置 - Google Patents

一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105840466A
CN105840466A CN201511026233.XA CN201511026233A CN105840466A CN 105840466 A CN105840466 A CN 105840466A CN 201511026233 A CN201511026233 A CN 201511026233A CN 105840466 A CN105840466 A CN 105840466A
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China
Prior art keywords
cooling tube
stainless steel
layer
cooling
chiller
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Pending
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CN201511026233.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
鲍忠雄
鲍建光
李国年
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Ningbo Bry Natural Gas High Pressure Compressor Co Ltd
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Ningbo Bry Natural Gas High Pressure Compressor Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201511026233.XA priority Critical patent/CN105840466A/zh
Publication of CN105840466A publication Critical patent/CN105840466A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F04B39/066—Cooling by ventilation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
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    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
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    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
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    • C08K2003/0856—Iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium

Abstract

本发明涉及一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置。该装置包括：若干冷却管，设置在气体压缩机的各个压缩缸之间，截断面呈圆形，内部具有圆形的气道，用于冷却被压缩后的气体；冷却管安装组件，固设在气体压缩机的压缩缸上，用于固定安装冷却管；风机，固设在气体压缩机的安装架上，用于风冷冷却管；冷却管由陶瓷内衬层、高温粘接剂层、不锈钢外壳层、涂料层构成，高温粘接剂层设置在陶瓷内衬层和不锈钢外壳层之间，涂料层设置在不锈钢外壳层的表面。该装置结构简单，制造成本低，冷却效果好，冷却管采用多层结构，采用高温粘接剂将复合陶瓷内衬与不锈钢粘合在一起，并在不锈钢表面浇铸耐磨涂料，进一步提高冷却管的强度、耐磨性、导热等性能。

Description

一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置
技术领域
本发明涉及冷却装置，尤其涉及一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置。
背景技术
气体压缩机是将机械能转化为气体压力能的一种动力装置，常用于风动工具的提供气体动力，也常用于压送氧气、天然气等气体。目前的气体压缩机主要通过气缸进行气体压缩，为了保证一定的气体压力，气体压缩机常常采用多级压缩来达到增压的目的。在气体压缩过程中，由于活塞的来回运动，会导致气体压缩机中的气体温度增高。根据热胀冷缩的原理，过热的气体会对气体压缩机的压缩结果产生影响，气体压缩机需要将过热的气体压缩至一个较高的压力，才能保证该气体在常温下达到一定的压力标准，增加了气体压缩的成本。在压缩某些气体如天然气时，过高的气体温度也会产生一些安全隐患，导致一些安全事故的发生。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出了一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置。
本发明通过以下技术方案来解决上述问题：一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，包括
若干冷却管，设置在气体压缩机的各个压缩缸之间，截断面呈圆形，内部具有圆形的气道，用于冷却被压缩后的气体；
冷却管安装组件，固设在气体压缩机的压缩缸上，用于固定安装冷却管；
风机，固设在气体压缩机的安装架上，用于风冷冷却管；
所述的冷却管由陶瓷内衬层、高温粘接剂层、不锈钢外壳层、涂料层构成，所述高温粘接剂层设置在陶瓷内衬层和不锈钢外壳层之间，所述的涂料层设置在不锈钢外壳层的表面。
在上述多级气体压缩机的冷却装置中，冷却管采用多层结构，采用高温粘接剂将陶瓷内衬与不锈钢粘合在一起，并在不锈钢表面设置耐磨涂料，进一步提高冷却管的强度、耐磨性、导热性等性能。
在上述多级气体压缩机的冷却装置中，冷却管中所述陶瓷内衬层的陶瓷为SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷，所述复合陶瓷层的材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：4.0-7.0％C，27-32％N，4.5-8.5％Cu，5.2-6.5％Fe，1.2-1.8％Y，1.2-1.8％Al，1.0-2.0％Ti，1.3-1.6％Ta，余量为Si。
现有技术中大多数碳化硅质耐磨内衬采用刚玉陶瓷层厚度较薄且裂纹较多质地易脆，碳化硅质耐磨管道内衬的厚度一般为4mm，由于高温复合无压力使得陶瓷层较松散气孔多且并由此导致碳化硅耐磨管道的耐磨性下降，陶瓷层与钢管粘连处容易破裂脱落。而本发明冷却管陶瓷内衬层的陶瓷为SiC和Si3N4的复合陶瓷，SiC和Si3N4均具有优良的耐磨性和机械强度，以及良好的热导率和热稳定性，熔点高，化学性质稳定，并且Si3N4具有优良的抗热震性能，进而可以显著提高冷却管的耐磨性。SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷由于超细的SiC颗粒弥散在Si3N4晶界或晶内，由弥散粒子SiC承受应力，产生微裂纹，阻止位错运动或产生钉扎作用而增韧基体Si3N4，从而使SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷具有良好的韧性。同时，由于SiC与Si3N4的热膨胀系数存在差异，分布于Si3N4晶粒内的SiC颗粒与基体Si3N4之间在烧结形成陶瓷后存在残余应力，在材料受载时产生晶内破坏，造成穿晶断裂，从而提高SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷的强度。因此，SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷具有优良的力学性能，在高温下仍能保持较高断裂韧性和拉伸强度。Cu和Fe的添加，可以降低陶瓷层的显气孔率，增加陶瓷层的体积密度，从而增加其导热性，并且增加了陶瓷层的强度、韧性和抗冲击能力。随着Cu和Fe质量的增加，陶瓷层的显气孔率逐渐增加，体积密度逐渐增大，导热性也随之增加，并且具有较好的强度、韧性和抗冲击能力。因为陶瓷层中的Cu与Al、Fe均有较好的相溶性，所以部分Cu在高温作用下可以渗入到不锈钢外壳中，又能与陶瓷层中的Fe和Al形成较好的结合力，陶瓷层中的Al来自助烧剂Al2O3。另外，加入的Fe和Si3N4能形成Fe-Si3N4相，适量的Fe由于氮气中微量氧的存在首先氧化成为FeO而起催化作用，加速Si的氮化反应，但是过多的Fe会与Si生成Fe3Si、Fe5Si3及FeS，而Fe3Si、Fe5Si3及FeSi在氮气的存在下均不能完全氮化生成Fe-Si3N4，从而阻碍了Si的氮化，导致陶瓷层性能的下降。由于SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷具有脆性，本发明加入了一定量的Ti和Ta，Ti和Ta分别与炭黑生成TiC和TaC，能减少陶瓷层的脆性，增加陶瓷层的韧性，使陶瓷层保持较高的断裂韧性和拉伸强度，具有良好的物化性能和机械性能。
上述比例范围的元素制成的陶瓷层中，Si3N4多为等轴状的β-Si3N4相。在SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷烧结过程中，α-Si3N4溶解于Si和氮气中微量氧形成的SiO2与燃烧助剂生成的液相中，然后析出β-Si3N4相，SiC可以作为β-Si3N4析出时的形核剂，β-Si3N4以SiC颗粒为核生长，形成SiC分布于β-Si3N4柱状晶内的微观组织结构。当SiC较少时，SiC作为β-Si3N4析出、生长的形核，促进β-Si3N4柱状晶生长；当SiC进一步增加时，由于形核增加，β-Si3N4形成较细的均匀柱状晶，陶瓷层的强度和韧性大大增加；SiC含量再增加时，部分SiC将分布在晶界，阻止晶粒长大，细化组织结构，形成等轴晶，此时，陶瓷层的强度不再增强，韧性有所下降。因此必须控制SiC的含量，将C和Si的含量和比例限制在上述范围内。
在上述多级气体压缩机的冷却装置中，冷却管中所述不锈钢外壳层的不锈钢的具体成分及其质量百分比如下：Cr：22.0-26.0％，Mo:2.8-3.4％，Ni:1.5-2.2％，Mn:1.2-1.6％，Si:0.2-0.8％，C:0.05-0.15％，Ti:0.2-1.2％，Nb:0.08-0.5％，V：0.02-0.20％，Cu:0.05-0.50％，N≤0.30％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
本发明不锈钢外壳层采用耐腐蚀性、耐磨性较好的超级铁素体不锈钢制成。上述不锈钢具有体心立方点阵晶面容易滑移，易形成网状位错结构，从而不易生成现状的浊沟，难以造成穿晶破裂。上述不锈钢含有较少的碳和氮，添加了稳定化和焊缝金属韧化元素。本发明不锈钢在一般铁素体不锈钢的基础上提高了碳含量，其原因在于，本发明中添加有0.05-0.50％的铜元素，需要部分碳元素促进析出ε-Cu，且若碳含量过低，严重影响不修改的强度、耐磨性，但是若碳含量过高，又会降低不锈钢的抗腐蚀性能，还会增大加工、制造不锈钢的难度。其次，本发明在保证不锈钢耐腐蚀性及耐磨性的基础上控制了铬钼镍的含量，钼使钢表面形成富钼的氧化膜，这种含有铬钼元素的氧化膜具有很高的稳定性，不但在许多非氧化性强腐蚀介质中很难被溶解，而且能有效地抑制氯离子引起的的点腐蚀。再者，本发明不锈钢中还加入了碳化物元素钛、铌和钒，钛、铌和钒可使不锈钢中铬的碳化物转而形成V、Ti和Nb的碳化物并细化不锈钢的晶粒，对析出相的均匀弥散分布起促进作用，从面提高本发明的不锈钢的机械性能、抗腐蚀性能。其中适量Ti的添加还可以降低不锈钢的时效敏感性和冷脆性，改善焊接性能。但当Ti含量过大，将大幅度提高生产成本。而Nb在不锈钢中的作用与Ti类似，能细化晶粒和降低不锈钢的过热敏感性及回火脆性，提高不锈钢的强度，改善焊接性能，同时提高抗大气腐蚀及高温下抗氢、氮、氨腐蚀能力。但当Nb含量过大时，如超过0.55％，不仅将大幅度提高生产成本，还会严重影响不锈钢的塑性和韧性。另外，本发明不锈钢中还添加有适量的N，不仅可以强化不锈钢的力学性能，还可促进折出相Cu的均匀弥散分布，进一步提高不锈钢的腐蚀性能。同时还可降低本发明的生产成本。因氮的溶解度受Cr和Mn的影响，N的含量不宜超过0.30％。
在上述多级气体压缩机的冷却装置中，冷却管中所述高温粘结剂层的粘结剂包括如下质量百分比的组分：环氧树脂：10-30％，硅酸盐类无机粘结剂：20-50％，氧化铝粉：8-20％，铁粉：3-10％，石墨：3-20％，促进剂：1-5％。本发明的粘结剂可以在-20-500℃条件下长期使用，既耐高温，又耐低温，对各类隔热材料都有较强的粘结能力，且粘结强度在130kpa以上。另外该粘结剂使用方便，使用时将粘结剂刷在粘结物表面，轻压使其紧密结合即可。
在上述多级气体压缩机的冷却装置中，冷却管中所述的涂料层材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：铜5-10％、镍5-10％、锌10-20％、铬20-40％、钼5-20％、碳化钨10-25％，铁5-10％，其中，Cr是以元素形式和/或作为一种碳化物Cr2C3的形式存在。
将上述涂料层材料制成纳米金属涂料，然后采用流涂法将纳米金属涂料浇注在不锈钢基体的表面上，再经干燥、烧制而成所述的涂料层。本发明采用流涂法在不锈钢表面上涂覆一层纳米金属涂层，替代传统的电镀金属工艺，工艺简单、成本低且安全环保，该纳米金属涂层与不锈钢的结合度好，能有效增强冷却管的耐磨性能。
所述涂料层材料的平均粒径为30-50nm。
所述涂料层的厚度为1-3mm。
在上述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置中，所述的冷却管安装组件包括呈圆柱状的插接座，所述的插接座设置在气体压缩机的压缩缸上，所述的插接座内部开有轴向的通孔；在所述的插接座上一体成型有管夹，所述的管夹由若干片压片合围构成，压片的外表面设有螺纹。
在上述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置中，所述的冷却管安装组件还包括紧固螺母，所述的紧固螺母套接在所述的管夹上，所述的冷却管穿过紧固螺母插接在所述的插接座上。
在上述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置中，所述的冷却管呈盘旋状间隙的环绕在气体压缩机的压缩缸周围，所述的风机的风口与冷却管相对。
本发明具有以下优点：
1、将冷却管盘旋环绕在气体压缩缸的周围，增大了冷却管的长度，从而增加了气体的冷却时间，冷却效果好；
2、将冷却管和气体压缩缸进行分体式设计，并通过管夹和紧固螺母配合使得冷却管和气体压缩缸之间的结构稳定性好，也便于对冷却管进出更换维修；
3、整个装置结构简单，制造成本低，冷却效果好。
4、冷却管采用多层结构，采用配伍合理的高温粘接剂将SiC和Si3N4的复合陶瓷内衬与不锈钢粘合在一起，并在不锈钢表面浇铸配伍合理的耐磨涂料，进一步提高冷却管的强度、耐磨性、导热性等性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为图1中的A部放大图。
图3为本发明中冷却管的截面图。
图中，1、冷却管；2、机箱；4、风机；5、管夹；6、插接座；7、紧固螺母；10、不锈钢外壳层；11、涂料层；12、高温粘接剂层；13、陶瓷内衬层。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，用于对经过气体压缩机中压缩缸压缩后的气体进行冷却降温，包括冷却管1、冷却管安装组件和风机4。
多级气体压缩机具有多个气体压缩缸，冷却管1设置在各个压缩缸之间，冷却管1设置呈盘旋状，环绕在气体压缩机的机箱2周围，增加冷却管1的长度，使气体冷却的效果更好。冷却管1为圆形管，其内部设有截断面为圆形的气道，使得冷却管1的截断面呈圆环状，从而达到整个冷却管1的管壁等壁厚的效果，保证了冷却管每个点受到的气体压力相同，使得整个冷却管抗压力强，结构稳定性好。
冷却管1由陶瓷内衬层13、高温粘接剂层12、不锈钢外壳层10、涂料层11构成，高温粘接剂层12设置在陶瓷内衬层13和不锈钢外壳层10之间，涂料层11设置在不锈钢外壳层10的表面。冷却管采用多层结构，采用高温粘接剂将陶瓷内衬与不锈钢粘合在一起，并在不锈钢表面设置耐磨涂料，进一步提高冷却管的强度、耐磨性、导热性等性能。
冷却管安装组件包括设置在气体压缩机的压缩缸上的插接座6，插接座6一般设置在压缩缸的侧部，插接座6呈圆柱形，内部设有轴向的通孔，通孔与压缩缸的内腔导通。在插接部6上一体成型有管夹5，管夹5由若干片压片构成，压片向内弯曲，在压片的外表面上设有螺纹，压片之间合围形成一个管路，管路可供冷却管通过。
冷却管安装组件还包括紧固螺母7，紧固螺母7套装在管夹上，与压片形成螺纹配合。冷却管1的端部穿过管夹，插接在气体压缩机的压缩缸上，紧固螺母7和管夹5旋紧，使得压片对冷却管1进行紧压，该设置结构简单，固定效果好，拆装方便。
为了进一步增加多级气体压缩机的冷却装置的冷却效果，在气体压缩机上设置有风机4，风机4的转动轴与气体压缩机中电机动力输出轴相连，并且风机4的风口与冷却管1相对，当气体压缩机开始工作时，风机4开启，增加冷却管1附件的气体流动，使得冷却装置的冷却效果更好。
下面通过具体实施例说明冷却管。
实施例1
冷却管由陶瓷内衬层、高温粘接剂层、不锈钢外壳层、涂料层构成，高温粘接剂层设置在陶瓷内衬层和不锈钢外壳层之间，涂料层设置在不锈钢外壳层的表面。
所述陶瓷内衬层的陶瓷为SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷，所述复合陶瓷层的材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：5.0％C，30％N，6.5％Cu，5.8％Fe，1.5％Y，1.5％Al，1.5％Ti，1.5％Ta，余量为Si。
所述不锈钢外壳层的不锈钢的具体成分及其质量百分比如下：Cr：24.0％，Mo:3.2％，Ni:1.8％，Mn:1.4％，Si:0.5％，C:0.10％，Ti:0.8％，Nb:0.3％，V：0.15％，Cu:0.25％，N≤0.30％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
所述高温粘结剂层的粘结剂包括如下质量百分比的组分：环氧树脂：25％，硅酸盐类无机粘结剂：30％，氧化铝粉：15％，铁粉：6％，石墨：20％，促进剂：4％。
所述的涂料层材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：铜8％、镍5％、锌14％、铬30％、钼18％、碳化钨18％，铁7％，其中，Cr是以元素形式和/或作为一种碳化物Cr2C3的形式存在。将上述平均粒径为40nm的涂料层材料制成纳米金属涂料，然后采用流涂法将纳米金属涂料浇注在不锈钢基体的表面上，再经干燥、烧制成厚度为1-3mm的涂料层。
实施例2
冷却管由陶瓷内衬层、高温粘接剂层、不锈钢外壳层、涂料层构成，高温粘接剂层设置在陶瓷内衬层和不锈钢外壳层之间，涂料层设置在不锈钢外壳层的表面。
所述陶瓷内衬层的陶瓷为SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷，所述复合陶瓷层的材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：6.0％C，28％N，5.5％Cu，6.2％Fe，1.4％Y，1.6％Al，1.2％Ti，1.4％Ta，余量为Si。
所述不锈钢外壳层的不锈钢的具体成分及其质量百分比如下：Cr：23.0％，Mo:3.3％，Ni:1.6％，Mn:1.5％，Si:0.4％，C:0.12％，Ti:0.4％，Nb:0.4％，V：0.08％，Cu:0.40％，N≤0.30％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
所述高温粘结剂层的粘结剂包括如下质量百分比的组分：环氧树脂：20％，硅酸盐类无机粘结剂：40％，氧化铝粉：20％，铁粉：5％，石墨：10％，促进剂：5％。
所述的涂料层材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：铜6％、镍7％、锌16％、铬28％、钼18％、碳化钨17％，铁8％，其中，Cr是以元素形式和/或作为一种碳化物Cr2C3的形式存在。将上述平均粒径为35nm的涂料层材料制成纳米金属涂料，然后采用流涂法将纳米金属涂料浇注在不锈钢基体的表面上，再经干燥、烧制成厚度为1-3mm的涂料层。
实施例3
冷却管由陶瓷内衬层、高温粘接剂层、不锈钢外壳层、涂料层构成，高温粘接剂层设置在陶瓷内衬层和不锈钢外壳层之间，涂料层设置在不锈钢外壳层的表面。
所述陶瓷内衬层的陶瓷为SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷，所述复合陶瓷层的材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：4.5％C，31％N，7.5％Cu，5.5％Fe，1.6％Y，1.4％Al，1.8％Ti，1.5％Ta，余量为Si。
所述不锈钢外壳层的不锈钢的具体成分及其质量百分比如下：Cr：25.0％，Mo:2.9％，Ni:2.0％，Mn:1.3％，Si:0.7％，C:0.08％，Ti:0.3％，Nb:0.10％，V：0.12％，Cu:0.10％，N≤0.30％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
所述高温粘结剂层的粘结剂包括如下质量百分比的组分：环氧树脂：15％，硅酸盐类无机粘结剂：45％，氧化铝粉：10％，铁粉：8％，石墨：10％，促进剂：2％。
所述的涂料层材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：铜8％、镍6％、锌18％、铬35％、钼10％、碳化钨17％，铁6％，其中，Cr是以元素形式和/或作为一种碳化物Cr2C3的形式存在。将上述平均粒径为45nm的涂料层材料制成纳米金属涂料，然后采用流涂法将纳米金属涂料浇注在不锈钢基体的表面上，再经干燥、烧制成厚度为1-3mm的涂料层。
实施例4
冷却管由陶瓷内衬层、高温粘接剂层、不锈钢外壳层、涂料层构成，高温粘接剂层设置在陶瓷内衬层和不锈钢外壳层之间，涂料层设置在不锈钢外壳层的表面。
所述陶瓷内衬层的陶瓷为SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷，所述复合陶瓷层的材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：4.0％C，32％N，4.5％Cu，6.5％Fe，1.2％Y，1.8％Al，1.0％Ti，1.6％Ta，余量为Si。
所述不锈钢外壳层的不锈钢的具体成分及其质量百分比如下：Cr：22.0％，Mo:3.4％，Ni:1.5％，Mn:1.6％，Si:0.2％，C:0.15％，Ti:0.2％，Nb:0.5％，V：0.02％，Cu:0.50％，N≤0.30％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
所述高温粘结剂层的粘结剂包括如下质量百分比的组分：环氧树脂：30％，硅酸盐类无机粘结剂：20％，氧化铝粉：20％，铁粉：5％，石墨：20％，促进剂：5％。
所述的涂料层材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：铜10％、镍5％、锌20％、铬20％、钼10％、碳化钨25％，铁10％，其中，Cr是以元素形式和/或作为一种碳化物Cr2C3的形式存在。将上述平均粒径为30nm的涂料层材料制成纳米金属涂料，然后采用流涂法将纳米金属涂料浇注在不锈钢基体的表面上，再经干燥、烧制成厚度为1-3mm的涂料层。
实施例5
冷却管由陶瓷内衬层、高温粘接剂层、不锈钢外壳层、涂料层构成，高温粘接剂层设置在陶瓷内衬层和不锈钢外壳层之间，涂料层设置在不锈钢外壳层的表面。
所述陶瓷内衬层的陶瓷为SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷，所述复合陶瓷层的材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：7.0％C，27％N，8.5％Cu，5.2％Fe，1.8％Y，1.2％Al，2.0％Ti，1.3％Ta，余量为Si。
所述不锈钢外壳层的不锈钢的具体成分及其质量百分比如下：Cr：26.0％，Mo:2.8％，Ni:2.2％，Mn:1.2％，Si:0.8％，C:0.05％，Ti:1.2％，Nb:0.08％，V：0.20％，Cu:0.05％，N≤0.30％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
所述高温粘结剂层的粘结剂包括如下质量百分比的组分：环氧树脂：10％，硅酸盐类无机粘结剂：50％，氧化铝粉：8％，铁粉：10％，石墨：20％，促进剂：2％。
所述的涂料层材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：铜5％、镍10％、锌10％、铬40％、钼20％、碳化钨10％，铁5％，其中，Cr是以元素形式和/或作为一种碳化物Cr2C3的形式存在。将上述平均粒径为50nm的涂料层材料制成纳米金属涂料，然后采用流涂法将纳米金属涂料浇注在不锈钢基体的表面上，再经干燥、烧制成厚度为1-3mm的涂料层。
对比例1
现有技术中普通市售的冷却管。
对比例2
采用如实施例1中所述的不锈钢制成的冷却管。
对比例3
采用如实施例1中所述的陶瓷材料制成的冷却管。
对比例4
该对比例4与实施例1的区别仅在于，该对比例4中用普通粘结剂将陶瓷内衬层与不锈钢外壳层粘结在一起。
对比例5
该对比例4与实施例1的区别仅在于，该对比例5中没有涂料层。
将实施例1-5及对比例1-5的冷却管进行性能测试，测试结果如表1所示。
表1：实施例1-5及对比例1-5的冷却管的性能测试
综上所述，冷却管采用多层结构，采用配伍合理的高温粘接剂将SiC和Si3N4的复合陶瓷内衬与不锈钢粘合在一起，并在不锈钢表面浇铸配伍合理的耐磨涂料，进一步提高冷却管的强度、耐磨性、导热性等性能。将该冷却管用于本发明多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，大幅度提高冷却装置的冷却效果，降低生产成本，延长其使用寿命。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，包括
若干冷却管，设置在气体压缩机的各个压缩缸之间，外周面为圆形，内部具有截断面为圆形的气道，用于冷却被压缩后的气体；
冷却管安装组件，固设在气体压缩机的压缩缸上，用于固定安装冷却管；
风机，固设在气体压缩机的安装架上，用于风冷冷却管；
所述的冷却管由陶瓷内衬层、高温粘接剂层、不锈钢外壳层、涂料层构成，所述高温粘接剂层设置在陶瓷内衬层和不锈钢外壳层之间，所述的涂料层设置在不锈钢外壳层的表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，冷却管中所述陶瓷内衬层的陶瓷为SiC/Si3N4复合陶瓷，所述复合陶瓷层的材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：4.0-7.0％C，27-32％N，4.5-8.5％Cu，5.2-6.5％Fe，1.2-1.8％Y，1.2-1.8％Al，1.0-2.0％Ti，1.3-1.6％Ta，余量为Si。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，冷却管中所述不锈钢外壳层的不锈钢的具体成分及其质量百分比如下：Cr：22.0-26.0％，Mo:2.8-3.4％，Ni:1.5-2.2％，Mn:1.2-1.6％，Si:0.2-0.8％，C:0.05-0.15％，Ti:0.2-1.2％，Nb:0.08-0.5％，V：0.02-0.20％，Cu:0.05-0.50％，N≤0.30％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，冷却管中所述高温粘结剂层的粘结剂包括如下质量百分比的组分：环氧树脂：10-30％，硅酸盐类无机粘结剂：20-50％，氧化铝粉：8-20％，铁粉：3-10％，石墨：3-20％，促进剂：1-5％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，冷却管中所述的涂料层材料包括如下质量百分比的组分：铜5-10％、镍5-10％、锌10-20％、铬20-40％、钼5-20％、碳化钨10-25％，铁5-10％，其中，Cr是以元素形式和/或作为一种碳化物Cr2C3的形式存在。
6.根据权利要求5所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，将如权利要求5中所述的涂料层材料制成纳米金属涂料，然后采用流涂法将纳米金属涂料浇注在不锈钢基体的表面上，再经干燥、烧制而成所述的涂料层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述涂料层材料的平均粒径为30-50nm；所述涂料层的厚度为1-3mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述的冷却管安装组件包括呈圆柱状的插接座，所述的插接座设置在气体压缩机的压缩缸上，所述的插接座内部开有轴向的通孔；在所述的插接座上一体成型有管夹，所述的管夹由若干片压片合围构成，压片的外表面设有螺纹。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述的冷却管安装组件还包括紧固螺母，所述的紧固螺母套接在所述的管夹上，所述的冷却管穿过紧固螺母插接在所述的插接座上。
10.根据权利要求1、8或9所述的多级气体压缩机的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述的冷却管呈盘旋状间隙的环绕在气体压缩机的压缩缸周围，所述的风机的风口与冷却管相对。
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