CN105824030A - Sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging method based on subaperture shutter modulation phase difference method - Google Patents

Sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging method based on subaperture shutter modulation phase difference method Download PDF

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CN105824030A
CN105824030A CN201610136241.8A CN201610136241A CN105824030A CN 105824030 A CN105824030 A CN 105824030A CN 201610136241 A CN201610136241 A CN 201610136241A CN 105824030 A CN105824030 A CN 105824030A
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aperture
sub
function
shutter
aberration
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马浩统
亓波
任戈
谢宗良
王智鹏
史建亮
崔占刚
姜洋
张美丽
周建伟
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Institute of Optics and Electronics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S17/90Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques

Abstract

The invention relates to a sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging method based on a subaperture shutter modulation phase difference method, and can be used for detecting aberration of all subapertures of a sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging system, co-phase error of multiple apertures and imaging beam atmospheric turbulence distortion and restoring the high-resolution image of a target in real time. Switching module is performed on each or multiple subapertures of the sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging system in turn by utilizing an electronic shutter, and the corresponding images are recorded by utilizing an image sensor. A series of recorded sub-images are processed by using the phase difference algorithm based on subaperture shutter modulation so that the subaperture aberration, the co-phase error of multiple apertures and the imaging beam atmospheric turbulence distortion can be detected simultaneously, and the high-resolution image of the target can be reconstructed. The sub-images having phase difference are generated by adopting shutter spatial modulation, and aberration detection and image restoration are integrated so that the method has advantages of being high in aberration detection precision, compact in structure, low in cost and convenient to use.

Description

A kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging new method, a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method, the common phase error between sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system sub-aperture aberration, multiple aperture and the distortion of imaging beam atmospheric turbulance, and the full resolution pricture of real-time rejuvenation target can be detected.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology, Aid of Space Remote Sensing Technology has been widely used in the numerous areas such as high-resolution imaging, military surveillance, astronomical observation and survey of deep space over the ground.Spatial resolution is to evaluate the important technology index of space remote sensor observing capacity, and resolution is the highest, and remote sensor is the strongest to the resolution capability of target detail, and the information of acquisition is the most.Therefore, high resolution optical imaging system will be the important embodiment of a National Airspace remote sensing scientific and technological strength, and Ye Shi various countries fall over each other the space optics technology of development.For the single port footpath optical system commonly used at present, certainly will system bore be increased in order to improve spatial resolution, but the increase of system bore is limited by factors such as material, technique, manufacturing cost, quality and payload bay volumes, also the volume and the quality that inevitably result in system increase simultaneously, bring difficulty to the transmitting of space based system.1970.American scholar Meinel proposes the concept of optical synthesis aperture, it is intended to utilizes the small-bore system easily manufactured to pass through optical instrument synthesis large aperture system, thus meets high-resolution imaging requirements.Optical synthesis aperture imaging, once proposition, just causes scholar's great interest in the industry, and fast development is got up in the world, and always one of international research focus.Except in air remote sensing field, this technology also has a wide range of applications in other technical field of imaging such as Laser Transmission, micro-imaging, three-dimensional imagings.
Optical synthesis aperture imaging system sixty-four dollar question is common phase problem.The image field that each sub-aperture produces must have identical phase place, could mutually strengthen at Airy disk center, make Airy disk narrow simultaneously, improves image resolution ratio, not so can only play the effect receiving luminous energy.Phase difference method, as Detection Techniques before a kind of indirect wave based on image, can be used for detecting the common phase error in optical synthesis aperture imaging system.As far back as U.S.'s ERIM laboratory in 1988, just phase difference method being used for detects segmented mirror telescope aberration performance and carried out preliminary study.1997, Lee and Roggemann et al. analyzed the problems such as feasibility and the precision of phase difference method aberration detection for space telescope NGST of future generation from point of theory.1998,Use phase difference method that Keck II type telescopic system sub-aperture aberration is detected with Kendrick et al..2009, in Star-9 system, RickKendrick of LockheedMartin company et al. used phase difference method to achieve common phase closed loop.The optical synthesis aperture imaging technique of currently used phase difference method yet suffers from multiple limitation: phase difference method is substantially a kind of inversion technique based on image, the image information according to gathering is needed to detect common phase error, the aberration being artificially introduced as prior information will certainly make missing image partial information, thus affects precision and the quality of restored image of common phase detection;Conventional phase difference method needs the image utilizing the such as additional optical elements such as grating, spectroscope to gather multiple image planes, the defocusing amount introduced as prior information is also required to accurate control platform, these complexities that will certainly increase system and cost, bring other system aberration and machine error simultaneously, affect the precision of common phase detection.
The present invention proposes a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method, spatial modulation is carried out to produce the image series containing phase difference by electronic shutter, integrate aberration detection and image high-resolution is restored, sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method relative to the poor method of currently used conventional phase, due to without introducing extra light-splitting device and mechanical devices etc., so having high aberration detection accuracy and image restoration definition.It addition, the method is at aspects such as system structure, cost, eases of use, also there is obvious advantage.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problem and the complexity of realization that prior art exists, the present invention proposes a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method, and the method includes the steps of:
Step (1), utilize electronic shutter that each sub-aperture of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system or multiple sub-aperture carry out switch modulation successively, and record successively with imageing sensor sparse synthesis aperture imaging system modulated after corresponding image;
Image series is processed by step (2), use based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference algorithm, detects the common phase error between the aberration of sub-aperture, multiple aperture and the distortion of imaging beam atmospheric turbulance, and rebuilds the high-resolution image of target;Concrete Processing Algorithm is as follows:
Step A, set up object function E according to Maximum-likelihood estimation or Least-squares minimization theory:
E = Σ f x , f y Σ k = 0 K | D k ( f x , f y ) | 2 - Σ f x , f y Σ k = 0 K | D k ( f x , f y ) H k * ( f x , f y ) | 2 Σ k = 0 K | H k * ( f x , f y ) | 2 - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, K is the number of sparse aperture imaging system sub-aperture, Dk(fx,fy) it is the Fourier transformation of the subimage of collection, H after kth subsystem shutter is modulatedk(fx,fy) it is the optical transfer function of synthesis aperture imaging system after kth subsystem shutter is modulated,It is Hk(fx,fy) conjugation, wherein k is that the 0 all of shutter of expression is all in opening, fxAnd fyFor frequency domain coordinates;
According to Fourier optics theory, the optical transfer function of imaging system is the Fourier transformation of imaging system point spread function, and the point spread function of imaging system is determined by the pupil function of imaging system, and the pupil function of sparse aperture imaging system can be expressed as:
P k ( x , y ) = Σ q = 0 K p q ( x , y ) × w q , k d i v ( x , y ) × exp [ i w ( x , y ) ] - - - ( 2 )
Wherein, pq(x, y) is the pupil function of each sub-aperture,For the sub-aperture shutter introduced phase difference function of modulation, (x, y) is the aberration profile of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system to w, and the atmospheric turbulance including the common phase error between sub-aperture aberration, sub-aperture and imaging beam distorts;
w q , k d i v ( x , y ) = 0 q = k 1 q ≠ k - - - ( 3 )
In the process of implementation, the PHASE DISTRIBUTION represented based on Zernike combination of function is usedApproximate aberration w (x, distribution y) characterizing sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system;
Wherein, φq(x y) is the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of q sub-aperture, Zn(x y) represents n-th order Zernike function, αnRepresenting the coefficient of n-th order Zernike function, object function E is Zernike function coefficients matrix { α1,11,2,…,αK,NFunction;
Step B, employing stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm optimization control the mode coefficient of Zernike function, until object function E minimizes, determine the mode coefficient distribution of Zernike function, the common phase error between sub-aperture aberration, sub-aperture and the distortion of imaging beam atmospheric turbulance can be detected;
The wave front aberration distribution that step C, basis detect, calculates the optical transfer function H of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging systemk(fx,fy), utilize Wiener Helstrom wave filter can with the full resolution pricture of rejuvenation target,
R ( f x , f y , α ) = Σ k = 0 K D k ( f x , f y ) H k * ( f x , f y ) Σ k = 0 K | H k ( f x , f y ) | 2 - - - ( 5 )
R(fx,fy, α) and it is the Fourier transformation of target HD image.
Wherein, the method both can detect aberration, it is also possible to the picture rich in detail of rejuvenation target;Phase difference between subimage is present in the modulation intelligence of electronic shutter, does not introduce additional aberration, has high aberration detection accuracy and image restoration definition.
Wherein, the method not only goes for aberration detection and the recovery of image high-resolution of sparse telescope array system, it is also possible to the aberration detection and the image high-resolution that are applicable to burst formula minute surface splicing master lens system are restored.
Wherein, the optimized algorithm that the method is used is the one in stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, climbing method, high-frequency vibration method, neural network algorithm.
Wherein, the algorithmic controller that the method is used can be computer, it is also possible to be IC chip.
Wherein, the method is not only suitable for the high-resolution imaging of point source, is also applied for the high-resolution imaging of Extended target.
Wherein, the method both can use Zernike group of functions incompatible expression PHASE DISTRIBUTION, it would however also be possible to employ Karhunen-Loeve combination of function and Lukosz-Zernike combination of function.
Wherein, each sub-aperture image light beam of synthesis aperture imaging system both can be modulated by the method successively, it is also possible to multiple sub-aperture image light beams are modulated by group technology the most simultaneously.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that
(1), sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on conventional phase difference method, need additionally to use secondary optics, by introducing defocusing amount and the method for light splitting, produce out-of-focus image, obtain the aberration of system based on focal plane image and out-of-focus image, the performance of secondary optics is proposed the requirement arrived very much.The present invention, by using electronic shutter to carry out spatial modulation, obtains comprising the image series of phase difference, does not introduce modulation error, have higher aberration measurement precision.
(2), the present invention in each sub-aperture of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system, only add an electronic shutter, reduce the system demand to other auxiliary optical components, simple and compact for structure, with low cost, stability is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is 2 aperture telescope array compound imaging system structure schematic diagrams based on the modulation of sub-aperture shutter;
Fig. 2 is 4 aperture telescope array compound imaging System planes figures;
Fig. 3 is the inventive method aberration result of detection, and left figure is the aberration profile loaded, and right figure is the aberration profile of detection;
Fig. 4 is the inventive method synthetic aperture imaging target image high-resolution restoration result, and left figure is single aperture imaging broad image, and right figure is the four aperture synthetic aperture imaging pictures rich in detail recovered.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the invention further illustrates the present invention.
As a example by 2 aperture telescope array systems, sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system structure based on the modulation of sub-aperture shutter is as it is shown in figure 1, be made up of two telescopes.In figure, 1 is telescope, and 2 is electronic shutter, and 3 is reflecting mirror, and 4 is bundling device, and 5 is imaging len, and 6 is imaging detection system, and 7 process computer for control.Control processes computer, on the one hand, control electronic shutter and realize the break-make successively of imaging beam, realize the spatial modulation to synthesis imaging system, on the other hand, control imaging detection system, gather corresponding modulation image, and modulation image is processed in real time, obtain common phase error between sub-aperture aberration, sub-aperture, the distortion of imaging beam atmospheric turbulance and the HD image of target.
As a example by 4 aperture imaging system, the present invention will be further described below.Fig. 2 show 4 aperture imaging system structural representation sketches, is made up of subsystem 1,2,3 and 4 respectively.Its concrete work process is:
(1) close the electronic shutter of closed subsystem 1, gather respective image;Open the electronic shutter of subsystem 1, close the electronic shutter of closed subsystem 2, gather respective image;Open the electronic shutter of subsystem 2, close the electronic shutter of closed subsystem 3, gather respective image;Open the electronic shutter of subsystem 3, close the electronic shutter of closed subsystem 4, gather respective image;Opening the electronic shutter of subsystem 4, keeping 4 electronic shutters is all opening, gathers respective image.
(2) use phase contrast algorithm based on the modulation of sub-aperture shutter that the 5 width subimages gathered are processed, the light beam common phase error between aberration and the multiple aperture of detection sub-aperture, and rebuild high-resolution image.Four aperture synthetic aperture imaging aberration detections and target image high-resolution restoration result are the most as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.In Fig. 3, left figure is the aberration profile loaded, and mainly includes the common phase error between multiple aperture and other aberration, and right figure is the aberration profile detected;Loading aberration profile and detection aberration profile is basically identical, root-mean-square error is less than 0.05 λ (λ is imaging beam wavelength).As seen from the figure, the inventive method can effectively detect the aberration profile of synthesis aperture imaging system and realize the high-resolution recovery of target image.
The above, the only detailed description of the invention in the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.As long as sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system carries out spatial modulation by electronic shutter, and utilize phase contrast algorithm carry out common phase error detection and restore full resolution pricture, belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method, it is characterised in that the method includes the steps of:
Step (1), utilize electronic shutter that each sub-aperture of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system or multiple sub-aperture carry out switch modulation successively, and record successively with imageing sensor sparse synthesis aperture imaging system modulated after corresponding image;
Image series is processed by step (2), use based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference algorithm, detects the common phase error between the aberration of sub-aperture, multiple aperture and the distortion of imaging beam atmospheric turbulance, and rebuilds the high-resolution image of target;Concrete Processing Algorithm is as follows:
Step A, set up object function E according to Maximum-likelihood estimation or Least-squares minimization theory:
E = Σ f x , f y Σ k = 0 K | D k ( f x , f y ) | 2 - Σ f x , f y Σ k = 0 K | D k ( f x , f y ) H k * ( f x , f y ) | 2 Σ k = 0 K | H k * ( f x , f y ) | 2 - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, K is the number of sparse aperture imaging system sub-aperture, Dk(fx,fy) it is the Fourier transformation of the subimage of collection, H after kth subsystem shutter is modulatedk(fx,fy) it is the optical transfer function of synthesis aperture imaging system after kth subsystem shutter is modulated,It is Hk(fx,fy) conjugation, wherein k is that the 0 all of shutter of expression is all in opening, fxAnd fyFor frequency domain coordinates;
According to Fourier optics theory, the optical transfer function of imaging system is the Fourier transformation of imaging system point spread function, and the point spread function of imaging system is determined by the pupil function of imaging system, and the pupil function of sparse aperture imaging system can be expressed as:
P k ( x , y ) = Σ q = 0 K p q ( x , y ) × w q , k d i v ( x , y ) × exp [ i w ( x , y ) ] - - - ( 2 )
Wherein, pq(x, y) is the pupil function of each sub-aperture,For the sub-aperture shutter introduced phase difference function of modulation, (x, y) is the aberration profile of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system to w, and the atmospheric turbulance including the common phase error between sub-aperture aberration, sub-aperture and imaging beam distorts;
w q , k d i v ( x , y ) = 0 q = k 1 q ≠ k - - - ( 3 )
In the process of implementation, the PHASE DISTRIBUTION represented based on Zernike combination of function is usedApproximate aberration w (x, distribution y) characterizing sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system;
Wherein, φq(x y) is the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of q sub-aperture, Zn(x y) represents n-th order Zernike function, αnRepresenting the coefficient of n-th order Zernike function, object function E is Zernike function coefficients matrix { α1,11,2,…,αK,NFunction;
Step B, employing stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm optimization control the mode coefficient of Zernike function, until object function E minimizes, determine the mode coefficient distribution of Zernike function, the common phase error between sub-aperture aberration, sub-aperture and the distortion of imaging beam atmospheric turbulance can be detected;
The wave front aberration distribution that step C, basis detect, calculates the optical transfer function H of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging systemk(fx,fy), utilize Wiener Helstrom wave filter can with the full resolution pricture of rejuvenation target,
R ( f x , f y , α ) = Σ k = 0 K D k ( f x , f y ) H k * ( f x , f y ) Σ k = 0 K | H k ( f x , f y ) | 2 - - - ( 5 )
R(fx,fy, α) and it is the Fourier transformation of target HD image.
Sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the method both can detect aberration, it is also possible to the picture rich in detail of rejuvenation target;Phase difference between subimage is present in the modulation intelligence of electronic shutter, does not introduce additional aberration, has high aberration detection accuracy and image restoration definition.
Sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method not only goes for aberration detection and the recovery of image high-resolution of sparse telescope array system, it is also possible to the aberration detection and the image high-resolution that are applicable to burst formula minute surface splicing master lens system are restored.
Sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the optimized algorithm that the method is used is the one in stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, climbing method, high-frequency vibration method, neural network algorithm.
Sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the algorithmic controller that the method is used can be computer, it is also possible to be IC chip.
Sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the method is not only suitable for the high-resolution imaging of point source, is also applied for the high-resolution imaging of Extended target.
Sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method both can use Zernike group of functions incompatible expression PHASE DISTRIBUTION, it would however also be possible to employ Karhunen-Loeve combination of function and Lukosz-Zernike combination of function.
Sparse optical synthesis aperture formation method based on sub-aperture shutter phase modulation difference method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, each sub-aperture image light beam of synthesis aperture imaging system both can be modulated by the method successively, it is also possible to multiple sub-aperture image light beams are modulated by group technology the most simultaneously.
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Application publication date: 20160803