CN105820558A - 一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料 - Google Patents

一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料 Download PDF

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CN105820558A
CN105820558A CN201610289673.2A CN201610289673A CN105820558A CN 105820558 A CN105820558 A CN 105820558A CN 201610289673 A CN201610289673 A CN 201610289673A CN 105820558 A CN105820558 A CN 105820558A
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李训祥
王兴祥
胡云昌
李贻凤
周志梅
李如宝
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料,由以下重量份的原料制备制成:水镁石粉10‑13、多聚磷酸3.2‑4、十二胺0.9‑1.4、锡铋合金粉6‑8、聚丙烯26‑33、碳纤维14‑16、超高分子量聚乙烯17‑23、抗氧化剂10100.2‑0.4、三氧化二锑4.6‑5、硬脂酸铝0.2‑0.4、尼龙643‑50、无水乙醇适量、二甲苯适量、去离子水适量;本发明具有耐磨性突出、机械强度高、阻燃性能优异、低烟无毒、绝缘性能良好等特点,生产工艺简单,原料来源广泛,成本低,值得推广。

Description

一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料。
背景技术
聚合物由于其价格低廉、质地轻、比强度大,导热系数小和化学稳定性好等特点被广泛的应用于生产生活的各个领域。大多数的聚合物都是良好的电绝缘体,电阻率高,容易产生静电,从而限制其应用。抗静电的危害越来越大,如干扰飞机无线电设备的正常运转,影响飞机的运行,制药厂设备聚合物外壳容易静电吸附尘埃,影响药品纯度等,近几年,国家铁路交通发展迅速,铁路系统的控制越来越复杂,电气控制设备越来越多,对电缆需求量也越来越大。其中抗静电性显得尤其重要。
《导电_抗静电聚合物纳米复合材料的制备及其性能研究》一文中作者利用低熔点金属、碳纳米管等导电填料制备得到导电抗静电聚合物复合材料及纤维,提出了新的制备方法和新原理,采用电导率高、易加工的低熔点金属作为导电填料,通过熔融共混以及固相拉伸等方法,制备出复合纤维,得出聚合物/低熔点导电金属复合纤维具有电阻率随着拉伸倍率的提高而降低的性质,与未含有低导电熔点纤维的复合纤维比较,其复合纤维的强度和断裂伸长率都有所提高。通过在复合纤维中添加碳纳米管和纳米蒙脱土显著降低了金属颗粒粒径,使得复合纤维获得了更加优异的电性能和力学性能。虽然本发明能够解决电缆导电抗静电等方面的要求,但是随着机车技术的发展,对电缆的铺设环境和使用性能要求越来越高,单纯的单一性能已不能满足市场需求,本发明在这基础上进行改进,以期达到耐弯曲性能好、防火阻燃、绿色环保、耐老化等的特性,使其达到铁路工程中对电缆的使用要求。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料,由以下重量份的原料制备制成:水镁石粉10-13、多聚磷酸3.2-4、十二胺0.9-1.4、锡铋合金粉6-8、聚丙烯26-33、碳纤维14-16、超高分子量聚乙烯17-23、抗氧化剂10100.2-0.4、三氧化二锑4.6-5、硬脂酸铝0.2-0.4、尼龙643-50、无水乙醇适量、二甲苯适量、去离子水适量。
所述一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料,由以下具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将碳纤维在二甲苯中超声处理2h,同时进行机械搅拌,然后将超高分子量聚乙烯和抗氧化剂1010加到上述溶液中,并将该混合液在氮气保护下升温至140℃,保持30min,随后将上述混合均匀的溶液迅速倒入培养皿中,在室温下干燥,最后置于60℃真空干燥箱中上下热烘24h直至二甲苯完全挥发;
(2)将无水乙醇和去离子水按照质量比9:1配置混合溶液,将水镁石粉加到乙醇溶液中按照g:ml比1:6搅拌成浆并球磨10-20min,再将球磨后的溶液倒入高压反应釜中于100℃下活化2-2.5h,活化结束后转移至带有磁力搅拌器的水浴锅中,待温度为70℃时加入多聚磷酸乙醇溶液,搅拌反应10-20min后加入十二胺,反应1-1.5h,真空抽滤用无水乙醇清洗沉淀物多次,然后置于烘箱中于80℃下干燥得复合阻燃剂备用;
(3)将聚丙烯在烘箱中80℃下烘干6-8h,冷却后切成颗粒,将三氧化二锑、锡铋合金粉、步骤(2)制备的产物、硬脂酸铝和预处理的聚丙烯粒料按照配比在高速搅拌机中混合均匀,然后加到双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,再将颗粒在80℃下烘干4-5h,之后置于毛细管流变仪中,制成混合原丝,将原丝夹持在夹具上,在170-180℃的环境加热箱内,以10mm/min的速度均匀拉伸纤维;
(4)将剩余其余的成分按照配方量和步骤(1)、(2)制备的产物通过密炼机熔融共混,温度为160-175℃,时间为15-25min,再使用开炼机将步骤(3)制备的产物混入上述复合材料中,最后通过单螺杆挤出机造粒,再将粒子在10-15m/min的挤出速率下,通过挤压模挤出成缆材冷却至常温即可。
本发明的优点是:本发明通过使用低熔点金属作为导电填料,结合熔融混合和固相拉伸的手段,制备了导电、抗静电复合纤维,使其拥有良好的强度和断裂伸长率,且具有优异的导电性能和力学性能,解决了金属与基体材料相容性差、容易氧化导致电导率下降的问题,并且利用的多聚磷酸对水镁石表面进行改性,使其表面包覆一层多聚磷酸铵,增强了粉体与高分子材料之间的相容性,实现了高分子无卤阻燃,绿色环保安全,并且帮助难分散的纳米粒子在聚合物中分散,完善了金属/导电/抗静电/阻燃的体系,大幅度降低了击穿率,提高了材料的电学稳定性和安全性,本发明具有耐磨性突出、机械强度高、阻燃性能优异、低烟无毒、绝缘性能良好等特点,生产工艺简单,原料来源广泛,成本低,值得推广。
具体实施方式
一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料,由以下重量份(公斤)的原料制备制成:水镁石粉10、多聚磷酸3.2、十二胺0.9、锡铋合金粉6、聚丙烯26、碳纤维14、超高分子量聚乙烯17、抗氧化剂10100.2、三氧化二锑4.6、硬脂酸铝0.2、尼龙643、无水乙醇适量、二甲苯适量、去离子水适量。
所述一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料,由以下具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将碳纤维在二甲苯中超声处理2h,同时进行机械搅拌,然后将超高分子量聚乙烯和抗氧化剂1010加到上述溶液中,并将该混合液在氮气保护下升温至140℃,保持30min,随后将上述混合均匀的溶液迅速倒入培养皿中,在室温下干燥,最后置于60℃真空干燥箱中上下热烘24h直至二甲苯完全挥发;
(2)将无水乙醇和去离子水按照质量比9:1配置混合溶液,将水镁石粉加到乙醇溶液中按照g:ml比1:6搅拌成浆并球磨10min,再将球磨后的溶液倒入高压反应釜中于100℃下活化2h,活化结束后转移至带有磁力搅拌器的水浴锅中,待温度为70℃时加入多聚磷酸乙醇溶液,搅拌反应10min后加入十二胺,反应1h,真空抽滤用无水乙醇清洗沉淀物多次,然后置于烘箱中于80℃下干燥得复合阻燃剂备用;
(3)将聚丙烯在烘箱中80℃下烘干6h,冷却后切成颗粒,将三氧化二锑、锡铋合金粉、步骤(2)制备的产物、硬脂酸铝和预处理的聚丙烯粒料按照配比在高速搅拌机中混合均匀,然后加到双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,再将颗粒在80℃下烘干4h,之后置于毛细管流变仪中,制成混合原丝,将原丝夹持在夹具上,在170℃的环境加热箱内,以10mm/min的速度均匀拉伸纤维;
(4)将剩余其余的成分按照配方量和步骤(1)、(2)制备的产物通过密炼机熔融共混,温度为160℃,时间为15min,再使用开炼机将步骤(3)制备的产物混入上述复合材料中,最后通过单螺杆挤出机造粒,再将粒子在10m/min的挤出速率下,通过挤压模挤出成缆材冷却至常温即可。
该机车电缆材料的性能测试如下:
拉伸强度(MPa):16.5;断裂伸长率(%):402;体积电阻率(Ω.m):3.7×1013;介电强度(MV/m):28;氧指数(%):31;载荷下伸长率(%):10;永久变形率(%):0。

Claims (2)

1.一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制备制成:水镁石粉10-13、多聚磷酸3.2-4、十二胺0.9-1.4、锡铋合金粉6-8、聚丙烯26-33、碳纤维14-16、超高分子量聚乙烯17-23、抗氧化剂10100.2-0.4、三氧化二锑4.6-5、硬脂酸铝0.2-0.4、尼龙643-50、无水乙醇适量、二甲苯适量、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种薄壁机车电缆用高耐磨无卤阻燃绝缘料,其特征在于,由以下具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将碳纤维在二甲苯中超声处理2h,同时进行机械搅拌,然后将超高分子量聚乙烯和抗氧化剂1010加到上述溶液中,并将该混合液在氮气保护下升温至140℃,保持30min,随后将上述混合均匀的溶液迅速倒入培养皿中,在室温下干燥,最后置于60℃真空干燥箱中上下热烘24h直至二甲苯完全挥发;
(2)将无水乙醇和去离子水按照质量比9:1配置混合溶液,将水镁石粉加到乙醇溶液中按照g:ml比1:6搅拌成浆并球磨10-20min,再将球磨后的溶液倒入高压反应釜中于100℃下活化2-2.5h,活化结束后转移至带有磁力搅拌器的水浴锅中,待温度为70℃时加入多聚磷酸乙醇溶液,搅拌反应10-20min后加入十二胺,反应1-1.5h,真空抽滤用无水乙醇清洗沉淀物多次,然后置于烘箱中于80℃下干燥得复合阻燃剂备用;
(3)将聚丙烯在烘箱中80℃下烘干6-8h,冷却后切成颗粒,将三氧化二锑、锡铋合金粉、步骤(2)制备的产物、硬脂酸铝和预处理的聚丙烯粒料按照配比在高速搅拌机中混合均匀,然后加到双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,再将颗粒在80℃下烘干4-5h,之后置于毛细管流变仪中,制成混合原丝,将原丝夹持在夹具上,在170-180℃的环境加热箱内,以10mm/min的速度均匀拉伸纤维;
(4)将剩余其余的成分按照配方量和步骤(1)、(2)制备的产物通过密炼机熔融共混,温度为160-175℃,时间为15-25min,再使用开炼机将步骤(3)制备的产物混入上述复合材料中,最后通过单螺杆挤出机造粒,再将粒子在10-15m/min的挤出速率下,通过挤压模挤出成缆材冷却至常温即可。
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