CN105819829B - 一种用铅锌冶炼废渣制备人造石的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用铅锌冶炼废渣制备人造石的方法,它是在铅锌冶炼废渣中加入钙质材料、硫化物形成剂、硫稳定剂混合均匀后,在旋转热处理器中进行加热处理,磨细后,加入水而得到的,可用于建筑领域。该方法处理废渣具有固化效果好,工艺简单、成本低、原材料易得等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铅锌冶炼废渣制备人造石的方法,该材料中的重金属稳定,不会对环境造成污染,该人造石可作为建筑材料。
背景技术
近十年来,我国铅锌冶金保持了快速增长的势头,2010年,铅锌总产量达到958.10万吨。我国铅锌金属产量已连续多年位居世界第一。在产品产能飞速发展的同时,生产过程中的各类冶炼渣的处理问题逐步凸现,不仅关系到资源的综合循环利用,而且更关系到对自然环境的深远影响。由于在矿物原生过程中,铅锌多以相互伴生的形式存在,这就形成了冶炼过程中铅锌联合的普遍格局。我国锌冶炼行业工艺繁多,火湿法并举,但采用湿法(焙烧—浸出—电积工艺)生产的约占 70%,成为主流,并有进一步取代火法炼锌的趋势。在湿法炼锌过程中,首先要进行脱硫,目前国内多为焙烧脱硫,焙烧过程中产生的焙砂、焙尘均作为半成品进入下段流程。采用硫酸体系对焙烧矿进行浸出,此过程是产生锌渣的主要环节。在一个10×104t/a的电锌冶炼厂,投入锌品位约50%的情况下,系统产各类渣约为96121.5吨,其中,浸出渣为主要渣[侯晓波.铅锌冶炼渣处理的系统分析及研究[J].云南冶金,2011,40(3):42-46]。以某大型铅/锌冶炼厂湿法炼锌中性-酸性复浸出工艺的浸出渣经挥发窑系统回收部分有价金属(锌、铅、铟、锗等)后所得到的二次渣;废渣风干后经球磨机磨细,过0.1mm筛,105℃下烘干,其主要化学成分及含量如下:Fe 34.81%、Cu 1. 31%、Zn2.84%、Pb 0.57%、As 0.42%、Ag 97mg/kg、Ga 923mg/kg、In 96mg/kg、Cd 30mg/kg、 S5.1%、C(焦炭)20.48%、石英20.36%,其余为Mn、Ca、K、Al、Mg等,约占14%[潘凤开,郭朝晖,程义,等.Pb/Zn冶炼废渣中重金属的生物浸出-盐浸处理[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(12): 1672-1676]。这些废渣的堆存直接影响自然环境,并对环境如土壤、水体和农作物等造成危害。如何经济有效的处理,这种渣具有重要的社会意义和经济意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种铅锌冶炼废渣制备人造石的方法,为达到以上目的,本发明是采取如下技术方案予以实现的:
一种用铅锌冶炼废渣制备人造石的方法,其特征是,依次包括下述步骤:
在铅锌冶炼废渣中加入钙质材料、硫化物形成剂和硫稳定剂;混合均匀后在旋转热处理器中进行加热处理;再经磨细后加入水得到人造石。所述加热器的温度为1200-1400℃,加热器用的燃料为煤粉;所述磨细后的粉体细度小于80μm,水加入量为铅锌冶炼废渣的600%;所述的钙质材料为方解石、石灰石、白垩中的一种,加入量为铅锌冶炼废渣质量的500-1000%;所述的硫化物形成剂为铝矾土、蒙脱土、高岭土中的一种,加入量为铅锌冶炼废渣质量的500-1000%;所述的硫稳定剂为ZrO2、TiO2、LaNiO3中的一种,加入量为铅锌冶炼废渣质量的0.05-0.1%。
本发明的反应在用钢板做成的旋转热处理器中进行:旋转热处理器的筒体与地平面倾斜放置,筒尾2高而筒头7低;混合均匀的钙质材料、硫化物形成剂、硫稳定剂原料经下料管1从筒尾2加入,通过热处理器筒体4内回转并从高到低轴向复合运动,热处理后的物料从筒头7排出收集。筒尾挡砖3可防止物料从筒尾溢出,后部内衬砖5前部内衬砖6起隔热作用以防止筒体4被烧坏;喷煤管8喷出的煤粉在热处理器中燃烧,产生热量对原料进行热处理。
钙质材料为方解石、石灰石、白垩,为人造石提供钙源,硫化物形成剂为铝矾土、蒙脱土、高岭土,为人造石提供铝源和硅源。硫化物形成剂中的氧化铝与渣中的硫和钙质材料中的钙反应,生成硫铝酸钙;氧化硅与钙反应生成硅酸钙;渣中的铁与钙和铝反应,生成铁铝酸钙。硫铝酸钙、硅酸钙和铁铝酸钙与水反应,分别得到钙矾石、水化铝酸钙和类钙矾石,三种水化产物具有一定强度,得到一种人造石。
硫稳定剂,具有催化能力,将铅锌冶炼废渣在加热分解产生的SO2催化氧化成SO3,然后与钙和渣中的金属离子反应生成硫酸盐,固化在人造石中;避免产生的SO2污染环境。
由于重金属废渣常采用水泥固化,人造石中含有水泥的成分(硅酸钙),因此渣中的重金属,可以有效固化在本专利的人造石中[于竹青.含重金属废弃物的水泥固化性能及作用机理[D].武汉理工大学,2009]。
根据国标“危险废物鉴别标准-浸出毒性鉴别”(GB508513—2007),该人造石符合国家标准要求,可用于建筑领域。
附图说明
本发明还可结合附图做进一步说明。图1是本发明的一个实施例。它的旋转热处理器由筒体 4、筒尾2、筒尾档砖3、后部衬砖5、前部内衬砖6、筒头7组成;它工作时原料通过下料管1从筒尾2进入筒体而煤粉通过喷煤管8从筒头加入。旋转热处理器的筒体与地平面倾斜放置,与地平面的夹角а为3~15°;优选为5°。
具体实施方式
一种铅锌冶炼废渣制备人造石的方法,包括下述步骤:
在铅锌冶炼废渣中加入钙质材料、硫化物形成剂、硫稳定剂混合均匀后,在旋转热处理器中进行加热处理,磨细后,加水得到人造石得到,原料配方如表1所示。
表1 原料配方
旋转热处理器的筒体与地平面倾斜放置,筒尾2高而筒头7低;混合均匀的钙质材料、硫化物形成剂、硫稳定剂原料经下料管1加入筒尾2,通过热处理器筒体4内回转并从高到低轴向复合运动,反应物料从筒头7排出。筒尾挡砖3可防止物料从筒尾溢出,后部内衬砖5前部内衬砖6起隔热作用以防止筒体4被烧坏;喷煤管8喷出的煤粉在热处理器中燃烧,产生热量对原料进行热处理。
根据实施例1-实施例12的配方,得到人造石的强度均大于20MPa,根据国标“危险废物鉴别标准-浸出毒性鉴别”(GB508513—2007),该人造石符合国家标准要求,可用于建筑领域。
Claims (2)
1.一种用铅锌冶炼废渣制备人造石的方法,其特征是,依次包括下述步骤:
在铅锌冶炼废渣中加入钙质材料、硫化物形成剂和硫稳定剂;混合均匀后在旋转热处理器中进行加热处理;再经磨细后加入水得到人造石;所述旋转热处理器的温度为1200-1400℃,旋转热处理器用的燃料为煤粉;所述磨细后的粉体细度小于80µm,水加入量为铅锌冶炼废渣的600%;所述的钙质材料为方解石、石灰石的一种,加入量为铅锌冶炼废渣质量的500-1000%;所述的硫化物形成剂为铝矾土、蒙脱土、高岭土中的一种,加入量为铅锌冶炼废渣质量的500-1000%;所述的硫稳定剂为ZrO2 、TiO2 、LaNiO3 中的一种,加入量为铅锌冶炼废渣质量的0.05-0.1%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用铅锌冶炼废渣制备人造石的方法,其特征是,旋转热处理器的筒体与地平面倾斜放置,筒尾(2)高而筒头(7)低;混合均匀的钙质材料、硫化物形成剂、硫稳定剂原料经下料管(1)从筒尾(2)加入,通过热处理器筒体(4)内回转并从高到低轴向复合运动,热处理后的物料从筒头(7)排出收集。
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CN103467129A (zh) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-25 | 陕西理工学院 | 含铅锌冶炼废渣的泡沫矿井充填材料制备工艺及应用 |
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用冶炼铅锌废渣作铁质原料生产水泥;李文亮 等;《河南建材》;20041231(第1期);第15、16页 * |
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