CN105818490B - 一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,其结构包括牛皮纸、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES、铝箔、热熔胶膜H420、薄木;其中,铝箔的上施胶面通过共聚酯热熔胶膜PES与牛皮纸粘接,铝箔的下施胶面通过热熔胶膜H420与薄木粘接。其制造方法包括如下步骤:(1)对铝箔的上施胶面进行处理;(2)牛皮纸、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES与铝箔进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺形成铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料;(3)对铝箔的下施胶面进行处理;(4)将干燥后的薄木、热熔胶膜H420与铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺处理形成薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料。本发明的优点:装饰性强、环保无污染、静曲强度和抗弯强度等物理力学性能均优于天然薄木贴面材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料及其制造方法,属于薄木装饰贴面材料领域。
背景技术
木材是当今世界四大材料(钢材、水泥、木材和塑料) 中唯一可再生、可自然降解的理想环境材料,具有节约能源和环保的优良性能,是其它材料所不能替代的。
现在业内人士就人造板应进行表面装饰的问题已形成共识,因为这是扩大胶合板、纤维板、刨花板等人造板产品使用范围、提高其使用价值的有效途径之一。人造板表面装饰的方法很多,但归纳起来主要有三种:贴面法、涂饰法、机械加工法,贴面法是用具有装饰性的薄型材料,如薄木、装饰纸、浸渍纸、PVC薄膜等覆贴在人造板表面的加工方法;涂饰法是用涂料涂饰人造板表面或在板面上进行直接印刷的加工方法;机械加工法是用模压或铣削的方法在板面上加工浮雕花纹。贴面材料主要起表面保护和表面装饰两种作用。不同的贴面材料具有不同的装饰效果。其中,薄木是家具制造与室内装修中最常采用的一种木质的高级贴面材料。采用薄木贴面工艺悠久历史,能使零部件表面保留木材的优良特性并具有天然木纹和色调的真实感,至今仍是深受欢迎的一种表面装饰方法,广泛地应用于各种家具与木制品生产和室内装修中。
但天然薄木和人造薄木较脆、柔性不足、表面易开裂,不适用于复杂型表面装饰的问题,导致传统薄木的应用领域受限。
铝箔材料是柔软的金属薄膜,铝箔材料具有质地柔软、延展性好,防潮、气密、耐磨蚀、无毒无味等优点;薄木与铝箔和牛皮纸复合之后,把铝箔的柔软、延展性与纸的强度、薄木的天然木纹和色调的真实感融为一体,广泛用于公共场所和宾馆室内装饰装修工程,以及家具、礼品等装饰材料的制作,是薄木的精深加工、高附加值产品,大大拓宽了铝箔和薄木的应用市场。
薄木和铝箔之间的粘结属于有机和无机材料之间的胶合,木材具有良好渗透性,而铝箔不具有渗透性,且两种材料的热膨胀系数存在差异,铝材的线性热膨胀约为木材的3倍,因而其热压过程中更容易产生鼓泡分层问题。因此,薄木/铝箔复合材料的胶黏剂的选择和热压的工艺成为其复合材料制备的关键技术。
本发明专利采用热熔胶膜作为胶黏剂,高分子聚合物热熔胶膜是一种无色半透明薄膜,具有良好的一致、均匀的粘接性能,较好的耐热性,粘接强度好,是一种不释放甲醛等污染物的环保型胶黏剂;且易加工,不含溶剂,被广泛运用于各种铝箔、铝板、木皮、纺织品布料、PVC、ABS、PET、各种塑料、皮革及各种人造革、网布的粘接。
发明内容
本发明提出的是一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料及其制造方法,其目的旨在解决薄木较脆、柔性不足、表面易开裂、不适用于复杂型表面装饰的问题。
本发明的技术解决方案:一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,其结构包括牛皮纸1、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2、铝箔3、热熔胶膜H420 4、薄木5;其中,铝箔3的上施胶面通过共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2与牛皮纸1粘接,铝箔3的下施胶面通过热熔胶膜H420 4与薄木5粘接。
其制造方法包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)对铝箔3的上施胶面进行处理;
(2)牛皮纸1、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2与铝箔3进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺形成铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料;
(3)对铝箔3的下施胶面进行处理;
(4)将干燥后的薄木、热熔胶膜H420与铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺处理形成薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料。
本发明的优点:
(1)装饰性强、原料丰富、易于回收、环保无污染、产品附加值高;
(2)材质均匀,截面积大,其长度可以按任意需要生产;
(3)有近似天然木材的花纹,色彩丰富,纹理多样,加工性能亦如天然木材,成本低性能好能满足人们多样化选择和个性化消费;
(4)不易翘曲变形、其密度、硬度、静曲强度和抗弯强度等物理力学性能均优于其原材料天然木材;
(5)剔除了天然木材固有的虫孔、节疤、腐朽、色变等不可避免的缺陷,同时还提高了原料的利用率;
(6)克服了天然薄木和人造薄木较脆、柔性不足、表面易开裂,不适用于复杂型表面装饰的问题,拓宽了传统薄木的应用领域。
附图说明
附图1是薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料的结构示意图。
附图2是制备薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料的工艺流程图。
附图中1是牛皮纸、2是共聚酯热熔胶膜PES、3是铝箔、4是热熔胶膜H420、5是薄木。
具体实施方式
对照附图,一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,其结构包括牛皮纸1、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2、铝箔3、热熔胶膜H420 4、薄木5;其中,铝箔3的上施胶面通过共聚酯热熔胶膜PES2与牛皮纸1粘接,铝箔3的下施胶面通过热熔胶膜H420 4与薄木5粘接。
其制造方法包括如下工艺步骤:
包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)对铝箔3的上施胶面进行处理:对铝箔3的上施胶面进行机械或化学表面处理,优选采用酒精棉处理表面的氧化膜,获得良好的胶接表面;
(2)牛皮纸1、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2与铝箔3进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺形成铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料:
1)组坯:采用牛皮纸1作为增强性材料、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2作为胶黏剂与铝箔3进行组坯(见图1),热熔胶膜PES 2在铝箔3的上施胶面的施胶量为40-60 g/m2,铝箔的厚度为0.018 mm;
2)热压:采用连续辊压法,热压温度为140-160 ℃,热压时间为18-20 s,热压压强为1.2 Mpa;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料内的残余热压应力,使其内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形;
(3)对铝箔3的下施胶面进行处理:对铝箔3的下施胶面进行机械或化学表面处理,优选采用酒精棉处理表面的氧化膜,获得良好的胶接表面;
(4)将干燥后的薄木5、热熔胶膜H420 4与铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺处理形成薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料:
1)组坯:薄木5厚度为0.3 mm、热熔胶膜H420 4和铝箔/牛皮纸增强性层进行组坯,热熔胶膜H420 4在铝箔3的下施胶面的施胶量为50-60 g/m2;
2)热压:采用平压法进行热压工艺。热压前在试件上下各垫一层缓冲层避免受热不均而产生鼓泡缺陷,热压时采用二次热压和两段式降压工艺,控制热压温度在175℃~180℃之间,第一次热压压强在1.5 MPa~2.6 MPa之间,然后第二次热压压强0.6 MPa~1.5MPa之间,第一次热压时间在30s~50s之间,第二次热压时间在20s~30s之间;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除贴面材料内的残余热压应力,使贴面材料内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形。
所述的薄木5干燥后的含水率为4-6%。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
对照附图,一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,其制造方法包括如下工艺步骤:
包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)采用酒精棉处理0.018mm厚铝箔3上施胶面的氧化膜,获得良好的胶接表面;
(2)牛皮纸1、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2与0.018mm厚铝箔3进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺形成铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料:
1)组坯:采用牛皮纸1作为增强性材料、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2作为胶黏剂与铝箔进行组坯(见图1),热熔胶膜PES在铝箔3的上施胶面的施胶量为40 g/m2,铝箔的厚度为0.018 mm;
2)热压;采用连续辊压法,热压温度为140℃,热压时间为18s,热压压强为1.2Mpa;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料内的残余热压应力,使其内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形;
(3)采用酒精棉处理铝箔3下施胶面的氧化膜,获得良好的胶接表面;
(4)将干燥后的含水率为4%的0.3 mm厚薄木5、热熔胶膜H420与铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺处理形成薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料:
1)组坯:薄木5 厚度为0.3 mm、热熔胶膜H420 4 施胶量50 g/m2和铝箔/牛皮纸增强性层进行组坯;
2)热压:热压前在试件上下各垫一层缓冲层避免受热不均而产生鼓泡缺陷;热压时采用二次热压和两段式降压工艺,控制热压温度为175℃,第一次热压压强为1.5 MPa,然后第二次热压压强为0.6 MPa之间,第一次热压时间为30s,第二次热压时间为20s;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除贴面材料内的残余热压应力,使贴面材料内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形。
实施例2
对照附图,一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,其制造方法包括如下工艺步骤:
包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)采用酒精棉处理0.018mm厚铝箔3上施胶面的氧化膜,获得良好的胶接表面;
(2)牛皮纸1、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2与0.018mm厚铝箔3进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺形成铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料:
1)组坯:采用牛皮纸层1作为增强性材料、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2作为胶黏剂与铝箔进行组坯(见图1),热熔胶膜PES的施胶量为60 g/m2,铝箔的厚度为0.018 mm;
2)热压;采用连续辊压法,热压温度为160 ℃,热压时间为20 s,热压压强为1.2Mpa;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料内的残余热压应力,使其内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形;
(3)采用酒精棉处理铝箔3下施胶面的氧化膜,获得良好的胶接表面;
(4)将干燥后的含水率为6%的0.3 mm厚薄木5、热熔胶膜H420与铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺处理形成薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料:
1)组坯:薄木5 厚度为0.3 mm、热熔胶膜H420 4 施胶量60 g/m2和铝箔/牛皮纸增强性层进行组坯;
2)热压:热压前在试件上下各垫一层缓冲层避免受热不均而产生鼓泡缺陷;热压时采用二次热压和两段式降压工艺,控制热压温度为175℃,第一次热压压强为2.6 MPa,然后第二次热压压强为1.5 MPa之间,第一次热压时间为50s,第二次热压时间为30s;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除贴面材料内的残余热压应力,使贴面材料内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形。
实施例3
对照附图,一种薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,其制造方法包括如下工艺步骤:
包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)采用酒精棉处理0.018mm厚铝箔3上施胶面的氧化膜,获得良好的胶接表面;
(2)牛皮纸1、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2与0.018mm厚铝箔3进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺形成铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料:
1)组坯:采用牛皮纸层1作为增强性材料、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES 2作为胶黏剂与铝箔进行组坯(见图1),热熔胶膜PES的施胶量为55g/m2,铝箔的厚度为0.018 mm;
2)热压;采用连续辊压法,热压温度为145℃,热压时间为19 s,热压压强为1.2Mpa;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料内的残余热压应力,使其内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形;
(3)采用酒精棉处理铝箔3下施胶面的氧化膜,获得良好的胶接表面;
(4)将干燥后的含水率为5%的0.3 mm厚薄木5、热熔胶膜H420与铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺处理形成薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料:
1)组坯:薄木5 厚度为0.3 mm、热熔胶膜H420 4 施胶量55 g/m2和铝箔/牛皮纸增强性层进行组坯;
2)热压:热压前在试件上下各垫一层缓冲层避免受热不均而产生鼓泡缺陷;热压时采用二次热压和两段式降压工艺,控制热压温度为175℃,第一次热压压强为2.0MPa,然后第二次热压压强为1.0MPa,第一次热压时间为40s之间,第二次热压时间为25s;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除贴面材料内的残余热压应力,使贴面材料内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形。
Claims (2)
1.薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,其特征包括牛皮纸、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES、铝箔、热熔胶膜H420、薄木;其中,铝箔的上施胶面通过共聚酯热熔胶膜PES与牛皮纸粘接,铝箔的下施胶面通过热熔胶膜H420与薄木粘接;
其制造方法,包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)对铝箔的上施胶面进行处理;
(2)牛皮纸、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES与铝箔进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺形成铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料;
(3)对铝箔的下施胶面进行处理;
(4)将干燥后的薄木、热熔胶膜H420与铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺处理形成薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料;所述步骤(1)对铝箔的上施胶面进行处理是:采用酒精棉处理表面的氧化膜;
所述步骤(3)对铝箔的下施胶面进行处理是:采用酒精棉处理表面的氧化膜;
所述步骤(2)牛皮纸、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES与铝箔进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺形成铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料,具体包括:
1)组坯:采用牛皮纸作为增强性材料、共聚酯热熔胶膜PES作为胶黏剂与铝箔进行组坯,热熔胶膜PES在铝箔的上施胶面的施胶量为40-60 g/m2,铝箔的厚度为0.018 mm;
2) 热压:采用连续辊压法,热压温度为140℃-160 ℃,热压时间为18-20 s,热压压强为1.2 MPa;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料内的残余热压应力,使其内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形;
所述步骤(4)将干燥后的薄木、热熔胶膜H420与铝箔/牛皮纸增强性材料进行组坯、热压和冷却工艺处理形成薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,具体如下:
1)组坯:薄木厚度为0.3 mm、热熔胶膜H420和铝箔/牛皮纸增强层进行组坯,热熔胶膜H420在铝箔的下施胶面的施胶量为50-60 g/m2;
2) 热压:采用平压法进行热压工艺;热压前在试件上下各垫一层缓冲层避免受热不均而产生鼓泡缺陷,热压时采用二次热压的二段式降压工艺,控制热压温度在175℃~180℃之间,第一次热压压强在1.5 MPa~2.6 MPa之间,然后第二次热压压强0.6 MPa~1.5 MPa之间,第一次热压时间在30s~50s之间,第二次热压时间在20s~30s之间;
3)冷却:降低表芯层的温度梯度和含水率梯度,缓解以致消除贴面材料内的残余热压应力,使贴面材料内部的温湿度与环境温湿度趋于平衡,最大限度地避免鼓泡翘曲变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄木/铝箔复合装饰贴面材料,其特征在于所述步骤(4)干燥后的薄木的含水率为4-6%。
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