CN105805173B - 高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元及加工工艺 - Google Patents
高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元及加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- F16C33/7823—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region of sealing lips
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- F16C33/7889—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to an inner race and extending toward the outer race
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元,包括法兰盘,所述法兰盘包括环向凸缘及设于环向凸缘前侧并安装有外圈、内圈的筒状部,所述筒状部的头端设有将内圈旋铆固定的铆压段,所述法兰盘和外圈的外表面设有锌镍镀层,所述法兰盘对应铆压段设有锌镍镀层空白区。发明还提供了一种高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元加工工艺,其中铆压头的旋铆型腔设计参数为,α=γ=40°,β=5°,R1=1.5mm,R2=5mm,R3=3mm。本发明将轮毂轴承单元除法兰盘旋铆部位外所有外表面镀黑色环保的锌镍镀层,以提高金属表面的防氧化性及抗腐蚀性,从而提高轴承的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车零部件,具体涉及汽车轮毂轴承。
背景技术
轮毂轴承单元,如今已经发展到了第三代。第三代轮毂轴承单元性能优良、安装维修方便。但是作为金属表面,防腐蚀性及防氧化性能不足,在雨雪天气下,特别是在北美和俄罗斯部分高寒地区,路面长期积雪,为消除积雪在路面上大量使用除雪剂,除雪剂对金属表面有严重的腐蚀作用,轮毂轴承单元在这样恶劣的工作环境下工作,表面极易被腐蚀,影响其使用性能及寿命。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题就是提供一种高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元,提高抗氧化性及抗腐蚀性。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元,包括法兰盘,所述法兰盘包括环向凸缘及设于环向凸缘前侧并安装有外圈、内圈的筒状部,所述筒状部的头端设有将内圈旋铆固定的铆压段,所述法兰盘和外圈的外表面设有锌镍镀层,所述法兰盘对应铆压段设有锌镍镀层空白区。
作为优选,所述锌镍镀层的厚度为0.015-0.025mm。
作为优选,所述铆压段的曲率半径为R3.5~5.5mm,所述铆压段的直径为
作为优选,所述外圈前端与内圈前端之间设有轮速传感器,所述轮速传感器包括固定为一体的传感器骨架及密封圈,所述密封圈外侧设有防尘盖,所述防尘盖包括与内圈同心设置的第一轴向侧边、沿第一轴向侧边边缘向径向外侧垂直翻折的第一径向侧边,所述传感器骨架包括向第一轴向侧边翻折且与其垂直的第二径向侧边,所述密封圈包括与第一轴向侧边过盈配合的第一径向密封唇口、第二径向密封唇口,以及与第一径向侧边过盈配合的第一侧密封唇口,所述密封圈设有与第二径向侧边嵌合的嵌槽。
作为优选,所述第一侧密封唇口与第一径向侧边的过盈量为0.4mm,所述第一径向密封唇口与第一轴向侧边的过盈量为0.3mm,所述第二径向密封唇口与第一轴向侧边的过盈量为0.2mm。
作为优选,所述密封圈采用氢化丁腈橡胶制成,所述防尘盖及传感器骨架采用不锈钢制成。
发明还提供了一种高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元加工工艺,包括如下步骤:
步骤一,在轮毂轴承单元的法兰盘、外圈的外表面镀锌镍镀层;
步骤二,对法兰盘、外圈上后续需进行磨加工和支撑的表面进行车削加工;
步骤三,对法兰盘、外圈上需进行磨加工的表面进行磨削加工;
步骤四,使用铆压模具将内圈铆压固定在筒状部前部;
其中,步骤四采用的铆压模具包括铆压头,所述铆压头的旋铆型腔设计参数为,α=γ=40°,β=5°,R1=1.5mm,R2=5mm,R3=3mm,α为铆压外径部位成型角度,β用于调整铆压部位平面平整度,R1及γ为铆压引导角;R2为初始接触圆角,R3为铆压平面与外径的过渡角。
作为优选,步骤二中,车床主轴转速:800-1000rpm,进给速度:0.15mm/转,卡盘压力:0.8-1.5Mpa。
作为优选,步骤三中,砂轮转速:1500-1800rpm,工件转速:150-300rpm,进给速度:0.5-0.1mm/min,磁力电压值:DC20-40V。
作为优选,步骤四中,主轴旋转速度:350-500rpm,卷边工作压力:12000-13500kg,卷边工作时间:15s。
本发明将轮毂轴承单元除法兰盘旋铆部位外所有外表面镀黑色环保的锌镍镀层,以提高金属表面的防氧化性及抗腐蚀性,从而提高轴承的使用寿命。另在加工工艺中,通过工艺验证,在镀锌镍后对后续需进行磨加工和支撑的表面进行车削加工,防止在磨加工时镀层脱落而影响产品质量。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述:
图1为高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元的结构示意图;
图2为图1中A处放大构示意图;
图3为轮速传感器安装示意图;
图4为图3中B处放大结构示意图;
图5为图3中C处放大结构示意图;
图6为采用旋铆模具对铆压段进行旋铆时的示意图;
图7为旋铆型腔放大结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示的高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元,包括法兰盘1及安装在法兰盘1上的外圈4、内圈2、轮速传感器3、保持架5以及钢球6,所述法兰盘1包括环向凸缘11及设于环向凸缘前侧的筒状部12,环向凸缘11沿周向均布有固定螺栓111,所述筒状部的头端设有将内圈2旋铆固定的铆压段121,所述内圈2上安装有齿圈21,所述法兰盘前侧设有防尘罩7,防尘罩7的口部与外圈端部固定。
其中,所述法兰盘1和外圈4的外表面设有锌镍镀层,所述法兰盘1对应铆压段设有锌镍镀层空白区,即将轮毂轴承单元除法兰盘旋铆部位外所有外表面镀黑色环保的锌镍镀层。通过锌镍镀层提高金属表面的防氧化性及抗腐蚀性,经过工艺论证及试验验证,确定镀层的最佳厚度为0.015-0.025mm,既能起到防护效果又能保证相关部位的尺寸精确性。
其中,所述铆压段的曲率半径为R3.5~R5.5mm,所述铆压段的径向尺寸为此尺寸可以更好的使法兰盘旋铆部位与内圈内径为的端面更好贴合。
如图3至图5所示,所述外圈前端与内圈前端之间设有轮速传感器3,所述轮速传感器3包括设于齿圈径向外侧的传感器本体31,以及与传感器本体31一体固定的传感器骨架14及密封圈15,密封圈外侧设有防尘盖13,所述防尘盖13包括与内圈2同心设置的第一轴向侧边131、沿第一轴向侧边边缘向径向外侧垂直翻折的第一径向侧边132,第一轴向侧边131的端部设有翻边133。所述传感器骨架14包括向第一轴向侧边翻折且与其垂直的第二径向侧边141以及L形端断面段,该L形端断面段与外圈口部配合。所述密封圈15包括与第一轴向侧边131过盈配合的第一径向密封唇口151、第二径向密封唇口152,以及与第一径向侧边过盈配合的第一侧密封唇口153、与第一径向侧边132端部间隙配合的第二侧密封唇口154,所述密封圈15还设有与第二径向侧边边缘嵌合的嵌槽。
传感器本体31连接线束32、线束的端头连接有连接插头33,所述线束为整体型结构。对传感器结构进行强化设计,线束采用整体型结构,区别与传统的分散线+防护套的设计,可以在120N作用力下不会扯断,而传统的要求在80N作用下不会被扯断。
其中,线束在传感器本体侧设有密封接头321,所述密封接头设有密封台阶3211与第二径向侧边141上密封口配合。密封接头321对应第二侧密封唇口154设有与其过盈配合的圆弧部3212,以实现良好密封贴合。
原传感器的密封结构,采用的密封橡胶为普通丁腈橡胶,防尘盖材料为普通冷板冲压而成,其耐磨、耐高温、耐低温及耐腐蚀性能欠佳。本发明中,密封圈15采用氢化丁腈橡胶制成,防尘盖13及传感器骨架14采用不锈钢制成。氢化丁腈橡胶具有良好的耐化学腐蚀性、耐油、耐热、耐低温、高强度、高撕裂性能、耐磨等出色的综合性能,不锈钢耐化学腐蚀和电化学腐蚀性能极强,耐高温、耐低温性能优越,因此可以适应恶劣的工作环境。
第一侧密封唇口153与第一径向侧边132的过盈量为0.4mm,所述第一径向密封唇口151与第一轴向侧边131的过盈量为0.3mm,所述第二径向密封唇口152与第一轴向侧边131的过盈量为0.2mm。优化了各密封唇口过盈量,这种过盈量即能满足密封性能,又能保证转动力矩可以符合要求。
上述密封结构设计,在极端工作环境下可增强密封性能,有效防止外界介质进入传感器或轴承内部,造成传感器或轴承内部失效,影响使用性能及寿命。
另外,轴承钢球采用高级别钢球。要求球最大直径变动量VDWS及最大球形误差为0.13um,最大表面粗糙度Ra为0.014um,可有效降低轴承振动值,延长使用寿命。固定螺栓采用高级别要求,抗拉强度提高到1220MPa,可有效提高其机械性能及强度。轴承润滑油脂采用防水、耐浸蚀、耐-40℃低温的抗极压油脂,改善在极端情况下油脂的润滑性能,提高使用寿命。
上述高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元的加工工艺,包括如下步骤:
步骤一,在轮毂轴承单元的法兰盘、外圈的外表面镀锌镍镀层;
步骤二,对法兰盘、外圈上后续需进行磨加工和支撑的表面进行车削加工,外圈非配合端面外径为磨加工时支撑表面,沟道及密封直径为磨加工表面;法兰盘轴径为磨加工支撑面,沟道、轴径,档边及密封档为磨加工面;
步骤三,对法兰盘、外圈上需进行磨加工的表面进行磨削加工;
步骤四,使用铆压模具将内圈铆压固定在筒状部前部。
通过工艺验证,在镀锌镍后对后续需进行磨加工和支撑的表面进行车削加工,防止在磨加工时镀层脱落而影响产品质量。通过大量工艺论证和试验验证,确定相关工艺参数,避免在车加工时因卡盘压力小而切削力过大,造成镀层损伤。在加工过程中采用断屑加工工艺和选用断屑刀片,避免铁屑缠绕对镀层产生影响。切削液中不得含有亚硝酸钠成份,以免与镀层发生化学反应。参数设置如下:
车床主轴转速:800-1000
进给速度:0.15mm/转
卡盘压力:0.8-1.5MPa
切削液配比:切削液浓度6~9%,水91~94%。
以上参数中,主轴转速及进给进度可以使铁屑形成断屑,不会产生缠绕对镀层产生损伤。卡盘压力范围可以保证压装力且不会损坏镀层。
通过大量工艺论证和试验验证,确定相关磨加工参数,防止磨加工时由于端面工装磁力过小而磨削力过大,造成产品定位端面镀层磨损。磨削液中不得含有亚硝酸钠成份,以免与镀层发生化学反应。参数设置如下:
砂轮转速:1500-1800rpm
工件转速:150-300rpm
进给速度:0.5-0.1mm/min
磁力电压值:DC20-40V
切削液配比:切削液浓度6~9%,水91~94%。
以上参数中砂轮转速、工件转速及进给进度可以保证磨加工面质量(包括粗糙度、圆度、轮廓度)符合要求;磁力电压值范围可以保证在加工过程中工件由于进给速度过大而与设备工装产生相对滑动,进而对镀层产生不良影响。
装配旋铆采用新型旋铆工艺与旋铆模具进行加工。通过大量工艺论证,确定卷边相关过程参数,参数设置如下:
主轴旋转速度:350-500rpm
卷边工作压力:12000-13500kg
卷边工作时间:15s。
以上参数中主轴旋转速度及工作压力范围可以保证旋铆速度,不会因为旋铆速度对法兰盘旋铆内径的变形产生影响,也可以控制旋铆尺寸。
如图7所示,对模具型腔进行优化设计,原设计为α=γ=20°,β=4°,R1=1.8~2,R2=4.5,R3=1.5~2,优化设计后α=γ=40°,β=5°,R1=1.5,R2=5,R3=3。
α为铆压外径部位成型角度,角度如果设计过大或过小,会对铆压时的贴合度及旋铆外径产生影响;β角度用于调整铆压部位平面的平整度,因铆压设备在工作是会有一个倾斜角,需用铆压模具进行修正;R1及γ为铆压引导角,可以顺利的将工件与铆压模具自定心,过大或过小都不利于引导;R2为初始接触圆角,经大量试验验证,此角度关系铆压后内径的变形及最佳初始接触点;R3为铆压平面与外径的过渡角,经大量试验验证,此圆角过大会减小铆压面的平面面积,过小会对铆压模具的寿命产生不利影响。
如图6所示;并优化模具与产品初始接触点位置,铆头作用部位与产品初始接触部位R角接触,如图7所示。使旋铆时内径径向变形从以往的0.2~0.3mm优化至0.05~0.1mm,解决在保证预紧力的情况下镀层因变形造成脱落问题。
Claims (4)
1.高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元加工工艺,该高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元包括法兰盘,所述法兰盘包括环向凸缘及设于环向凸缘前侧并安装有外圈、内圈的筒状部,所述筒状部的头端设有将内圈旋铆固定的铆压段,所述法兰盘和外圈的外表面设有锌镍镀层,所述法兰盘对应铆压段设有锌镍镀层空白区,其特征在于该高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元加工工艺包括如下步骤:
步骤一,在轮毂轴承单元的法兰盘、外圈的外表面镀锌镍镀层;
步骤二,对法兰盘、外圈上后续需进行磨加工和支撑的表面进行车削加工;
步骤三,对法兰盘、外圈上需进行磨加工的表面进行磨削加工;
步骤四,使用铆压模具将内圈铆压固定在筒状部前部;
其中,步骤四采用的铆压模具包括铆压头,所述铆压头的旋铆型腔设计参数为,α=γ=40°,β=5°,R1=1.5mm,R2=5mm,R3=3mm,α为铆压外径部位成型角度,β用于调整铆压部位平面平整度,R1及γ为铆压引导角;R2为初始接触圆角,R3为铆压平面与外径的过渡角。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元加工工艺,其特征在于:步骤二中,车床主轴转速:800-1000rpm,进给速度:0.15mm/转,卡盘压力:0.8-1.5Mpa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元加工工艺,其特征在于:步骤三中,砂轮转速:1500-1800rpm,工件转速:150-300rpm,进给速度:0.5-0.1mm/min,磁力电压值:DC20-40V。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高耐腐蚀型轮毂轴承单元加工工艺,其特征在于:步骤四中,主轴旋转速度:350-500rpm,卷边工作压力:12000-13500kg,卷边工作时间:15s。
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