CN105804721B - Karst cave detection system and using method thereof - Google Patents
Karst cave detection system and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105804721B CN105804721B CN201610262465.3A CN201610262465A CN105804721B CN 105804721 B CN105804721 B CN 105804721B CN 201610262465 A CN201610262465 A CN 201610262465A CN 105804721 B CN105804721 B CN 105804721B
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering detection, in particular to a karst cave detection system and a using method thereof. The invention provides a karst cave detection system and a using method thereof, the karst cave detection system comprises a detector and a computer, the detector comprises a probe rod and a probe connected with the bottom of the probe rod, the probe comprises a horizontal rotating unit and a vertical rotating unit which is coaxially arranged with the horizontal rotating unit and can carry out omnibearing detection on a measured karst cave, and the lower end of the vertical rotating unit is provided with a rotating rod which is internally provided with a rotating shaft for fixing; the rotary rod is provided with a detection integrated device for detecting the drilling surrounding rock condition, the karst cave geometric shape, the surrounding rock condition and the filling condition; the probe rod is internally provided with an information acquisition device for acquiring information detected by the detection integrated device. The rotation angle of the probe can be finely controlled through a computer, the detection modes can be flexibly switched, the detection precision is high, and the economy and the safety stability of the karst area engineering construction can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering detection, in particular to a karst cave detection system and a using method thereof, and specifically relates to a finely controlled karst cave detection system capable of comprehensively detecting the drilling surrounding rock condition, the karst cave geometric shape, the surrounding rock condition and the filling condition and a using method thereof.
Background
At present, the economy of China enters a rapid development period, new requirements are put forward for basic work of geotechnical engineering, the karst cave is one of main geological problems related to the engineering construction of the karst area, the economy and the safety and the stability of the engineering construction of the karst area are greatly influenced, and at the moment, the comprehensive and detailed geological exploration and detection of the karst cave become very urgent and important.
The application of the three-dimensional laser scanning technology in the engineering aspects of tunnels, side slopes, underground powerhouses and the like is gradually widened and is gradually applied to the field of karst cave detection, for example, the drilling embedded three-dimensional space laser scanning ranging imaging system disclosed by the invention patent CN 104457612A, the system uses a connecting extension rod to extend a device into a region to be detected, and measures the three-dimensional space geometric information of the region through a computer; the invention patent CN 104359422A discloses a device and a method for detecting the geometric outline of a cavity by borehole video camera, which provides a method for detecting and calculating the geometric shape of the cavity by adopting optics; the invention discloses a mine underground borehole detector disclosed in patent CN 204041056U, which can detect underground boreholes, but can only distinguish lithology and layered thickness of underground karst caves.
The detection device has single functionality, and only can obtain the geometric information of the karst cave or distinguish the lithology and the layering thickness of the karst cave; meanwhile, because the detection angle of the detection device is limited, the karst cave cannot be detected in all directions at one time, and important information such as the thickness of a top plate, the surrounding rock condition of the karst cave, the filling condition and the like related to the stability of the karst cave cannot be detected and acquired together, so that the economy and the safety of the engineering construction of the karst area are greatly influenced, and the further development of geotechnical engineering is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the detection angle of the existing karst cave detection device is limited, and the thickness of a karst cave top plate, the surrounding rock condition and the filling condition cannot be detected, so that the economy and the safety and the stability of the engineering construction in a karst area are not facilitated.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a karst cave detection system which comprises a detector and a computer connected with the detector, wherein the detector comprises a probe rod and a probe connected with the bottom of the probe rod, the probe comprises a horizontal rotating unit and a vertical rotating unit coaxially arranged with the horizontal rotating unit, and the lower end of the vertical rotating unit is provided with a rotating rod fixed through a built-in rotating shaft; the rotary rod is provided with a detection integrated device for detecting the drilling surrounding rock condition, the karst cave geometric shape, the surrounding rock condition and the filling condition; an information acquisition device is arranged in the probe rod and used for acquiring information detected by the detection integration device and transmitting the information to the computer through a cable.
The detection integration device comprises an infrared drilling camera, a three-dimensional laser scanner and a sound wave detector, wherein the three-dimensional laser scanner comprises a laser transmitting lens and a laser receiving lens, and the sound wave detector comprises a sound wave transmitter and a sound wave receiver; infrared ray drilling appearance of making a video recording with sound wave transmitter locates respectively the terminal surface at rotary rod both ends, laser emission camera lens with laser receiving lens corresponds to infrared ray drilling appearance of making a video recording locates the one end of rotary rod, sound wave receiver is corresponding to sound wave transmitter locates the other end of rotary rod.
The information acquisition device comprises a data energy integration module, a signal conversion module, a three-dimensional laser scanner signal acquisition module, a sound wave transmission signal acquisition module and an infrared drilling camera signal acquisition module; the three-dimensional laser scanner signal acquisition module, the sound wave transmission signal acquisition module and the infrared drilling camera signal acquisition module are respectively used for acquiring detection information of the three-dimensional laser scanner, the sound wave detection instrument and the infrared drilling camera, and transmitting the detection information to the signal conversion module for conversion, and the converted information is uploaded to the computer through the data energy integration module.
The information acquisition device further comprises a compass positioning module connected with the signal conversion module, and the compass positioning module is used for recording the position change of the detector in the descending process and the spatial information of each posture during detection.
The horizontal rotation unit comprises a first motor and a horizontal gear rotation device, and the horizontal gear rotation device is driven to be meshed through the first motor so as to drive the probe to rotate horizontally.
The vertical rotating unit further comprises a second motor and a vertical gear rotating device connected with the rotating rod, and the second motor drives the vertical gear rotating device to be meshed with the rotating rod so as to drive the rotating rod to vertically rotate.
The top of the probe is provided with a plug and a second external thread, and the bottom of the probe rod is provided with a joint jack and an internal thread fastener corresponding to the plug and the second external thread respectively.
The karst cave detection system further comprises at least one drill rod connected with the top of the probe rod.
The karst cave detection system further comprises a drill rod elevator and a drilling machine control platform connected with the drill rod elevator, and the drill rod elevator is connected with the drill rod.
The invention also provides a use method of the karst cave detection system, which specifically comprises the following operation steps:
s1, sleeving a drill rod elevator on a first clamping groove in the upper end part of a horizontally placed detector, controlling a winch to lift the detector through a drilling machine control platform, enabling an infrared drilling camera of a probe to be located at a drilling hole opening, connecting the detector with a computer by adopting a cable, switching to an infrared drilling camera mode, slowly lowering the detector along a drilling path until a second clamping groove is flush with the hole opening position, shooting the surrounding rock condition in a drilling hole simultaneously in the lowering process, and returning data to the computer for storage;
s2, fixing the detector through a second clamping groove by using a clamping groove wrench, enabling the detector to be located at the position of the orifice in the step S1, pulling out a cable connected with the detector from a computer, enabling the cable to penetrate through the middle of a first hollow drill rod, connecting a connector of the cable with the computer, controlling a winch to lift the first drill rod above the upper end of the detector through a drilling machine control platform, and connecting the detector with the first drill rod through threads;
s3, slowly lowering the detector and the first drill rod along the drilling path until a second clamping groove of the first drill rod is located at the position of the orifice in the step S1 and fixed by a clamping groove wrench, wherein in the descending process of the detector, the infrared drilling camera is always in a working state, a shot picture is transmitted back to a computer for storage, and then a second drill rod is prepared to be connected with the first drill rod;
s4, repeating the steps S2 and S3 until a probe of the detector is just lowered to be below the karst cave roof, starting an operation mode of the sound wave detector to detect the karst roof near the drilled hole, and comprehensively determining the thickness of the karst roof and the wave velocity of surrounding rocks of the karst cave by combining a test result of an infrared drilling camera of the karst roof;
s5, continuously lowering the detector to a specified position in the karst cave, and connecting the cable with the computer;
s6, aiming at the empty cavern, selecting operation modes of a laser emission lens and a laser receiving lens at different specified positions through computer operation, and respectively performing horizontal 360-degree and vertical 180-degree rotation through a horizontal rotation unit and a vertical rotation unit to complete all-dimensional detection work on the internal form of the detected empty cavern, thereby obtaining the geometric form of the three-dimensional space of the detected empty cavern;
or aiming at the semi-filled karst cave, firstly determining the geometric form of the non-filled part of the karst cave by adopting an empty karst cave method; then, selecting an operation mode of the acoustic wave detector through computer operation, and acquiring the geometrical form, filling compaction condition and karst cave surrounding rock condition of the filled part of the karst cave by adopting a mode of combining an acoustic wave transmitter and an acoustic wave receiver;
or aiming at the filling karst cave, selecting an operation mode of the sound wave detector through computer operation, and acquiring the geometrical form, the filling compaction condition and the surrounding rock condition of the karst cave by combining the sound wave transmitter and the sound wave receiver.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a karst cave detection system and a using method thereof, wherein the karst cave detection system comprises a detector and a computer connected with the detector, the detector comprises a probe rod and a probe connected with the bottom of the probe rod, the probe comprises a horizontal rotating unit and a vertical rotating unit coaxially arranged with the horizontal rotating unit, the tested karst cave can be respectively subjected to omnibearing detection of 360 degrees horizontally and 180 degrees vertically according to detection requirements, and the lower end of the vertical rotating unit is provided with a rotating rod fixed by a built-in rotating shaft; the rotary rod is provided with a detection integrated device for detecting the drilling surrounding rock condition, the karst cave geometric shape, the surrounding rock condition and the filling condition; the probe rod is internally provided with an information acquisition device for acquiring information detected by the detection integrated device and transmitting the information to the computer through a cable. The rotation angle of the probe is finely controlled through a computer, the detection mode can be flexibly switched, and the arrangement of the detector through a drill rod of a drilling machine can ensure the stability of equipment and the reliability of data in the test process; the system has high detection precision, and is favorable for improving the economical efficiency and the safety stability of the engineering construction of the karst area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of functional modules on a detector and the connection between the functional modules and a computer and a power supply in a karst cave detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific component of a detector in a karst cave detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a probe in a cavern detection system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a gear driving diagram of a horizontal rotary gear system in the karst cave detection system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a gear transmission of a vertical rotary gear system in the karst cave detection system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a gear drive of a vertical rotary gear system in a cavern detection system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a cavern before being drilled;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a cavern after drilling;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a drill pipe elevator and a detector in the karst cave detection system according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a detector connected with a drill pipe in the karst cave detection system according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a karst cave detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1: externally connecting a thread; 2: a first card slot; 3: a second card slot; 4: a plug; 5: a second external thread; 6: a horizontal rotation unit; 7: an acoustic wave emitter; 8: an acoustic receiver; 9: a laser receiving lens; 10: a laser emission lens; 11: an infrared drilling camera; 12: a cable wire; 13: a data energy integration module; 14: a signal conversion module; 15: a compass positioning module; 16: a signal acquisition module of the three-dimensional laser scanner; 17: a sound wave transmission signal acquisition module; 18: the infrared drilling camera signal acquisition module; 19: a data generation and acquisition system; 20: a horizontal rotation gear device; 21: a vertical rotary gear device; 22: a rotating device; 23: a signal transmitting device; 24: a signal receiving device; 25: rotating the rod; 26: a computer; 27: a power source; 28: a rig control platform; 29: a drill stem elevator; 30: a detector; 31: drilling a rod; 32: a slot wrench.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cavern detection system, which includes a detector 30 and a computer 26 connected to the detector 30, wherein the detector 30 includes a probe and a probe connected to the bottom of the probe, the probe includes a horizontal rotation unit 6 and a vertical rotation unit coaxially disposed with the horizontal rotation unit 6, the probe can perform all-directional detection of the cavern to be detected in directions of 360 degrees horizontally and 180 degrees vertically according to the detection requirement, and a rotation rod 25 fixed by a built-in rotation shaft is disposed at the lower end of the vertical rotation unit; the rotary rod 25 is provided with a detection integrated device for detecting the drilling surrounding rock condition, the karst cave geometric shape, the surrounding rock condition and the filling condition; an information acquisition device is arranged in the probe rod and is used for acquiring information detected by the detection integrated device and transmitting the information to the computer 26 through the cable 12; in particular, the probe 30 is deployed through the drill pipe 31 of the drilling rig. The rotation angle of the probe is finely controlled through the computer 26, the detection mode can be flexibly switched, and the arrangement of the probe through the drill rod 31 of the drilling machine can ensure the stability of equipment and the reliability of data in the test process; the system has high detection precision, and is favorable for improving the economical efficiency and the safety stability of the engineering construction of the karst area. Wherein, the detection modes comprise a laser transmitting lens 10 and a laser receiving lens 9 operation mode and a sound wave detector operation mode; in particular, the infrared borehole camera 11 may be in operation at all times during the descent of the probe 30.
It is worth noting that the cable 12 functions to connect the detector 30, the computer 26 and the power supply 27; while the cable 12 uploads the data detected by the detector 30 to the computer 26. The computer 26 is installed with analysis software corresponding to the detection integration device and the information acquisition device in the detector 30, and the detection operation of the detector 30 can be remotely controlled by the computer 26.
Specifically, the detection integration device comprises an infrared drilling camera 11, a three-dimensional laser scanner and an acoustic wave detector, wherein the three-dimensional laser scanner comprises a laser emitting lens 10 and a laser receiving lens 9, and the acoustic wave detector comprises an acoustic wave emitter 7 and an acoustic wave receiver 8; the infrared drilling camera 11 and the sound wave emitter 7 are respectively arranged on the end faces of two ends of the rotating rod 25, the laser emitting lens 10 and the laser receiving lens 9 are arranged at one end of the rotating rod 25 corresponding to the infrared drilling camera 11, wherein the laser emitting lens 10 is arranged on one side close to the infrared drilling camera 11, the laser emitting lens 10 is closer to the karst cave during detection, and the accuracy of detection data is improved; the sonic receiver 8 is provided at the other end of the rotary rod 25 corresponding to the sonic transmitter 7.
Specifically, the information acquisition device comprises a data energy integration module 13, a signal conversion module 14, a three-dimensional laser scanner signal acquisition module 16, a sound wave transmission signal acquisition module 17 and an infrared ray drilling camera signal acquisition module 18; the three-dimensional laser scanner signal acquisition module 16, the sound wave transmission signal acquisition module 17 and the infrared drilling camera signal acquisition module 18 are respectively used for acquiring detection information of the three-dimensional laser scanner, the sound wave detector and the infrared drilling camera 11, transmitting the detection information to the signal conversion module 14 for conversion, and uploading the converted information to the computer 26 through the data energy integration module 13.
Furthermore, the information acquisition device also comprises a compass positioning module 15 connected with the signal conversion module 14, wherein the compass positioning module 15 is used for recording the position change of the detector 30 in the descending process and the spatial information of each posture during detection, and transmitting the spatial information to the computer 26 in real time through the data energy integration module 13 after the spatial information is converted through the signal conversion module 14 so as to be further analyzed and controlled, and the control precision is improved.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the signal emitting device 23 includes the acoustic wave emitter 7, the laser emitting lens 10 and the infrared ray borehole camera 11; the signal receiving device 24 comprises an acoustic wave receiver 8 and a laser receiving lens 9; the data generating and collecting system 19 includes a three-dimensional laser scanner signal collecting module 16, a sound wave transmission signal collecting module 17 and an infrared drilling camera signal collecting module 18.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the probe 30 is shaped as a long cylinder, and is divided into two parts: probe rod and probe. The probe part comprises three parts: the end head of the upper end part is provided with an external thread 1 which is matched with the internal thread of the drill rod 31 to be connected, or is connected with the drill rod 31 through a conversion head; in order to facilitate the connection of the probe 30 to the drill rod 31, the upper end portion is further provided with a first clamping groove 2 and a second clamping groove 3. An information acquisition device is arranged in the middle rod and mainly has the functions of probe signal acquisition and transmission, computer instruction implementation, energy supply and the like. The lower end part of the probe is connected with the probe, the top of the probe is provided with a plug 4 and a second external thread 5, and the bottom of the probe rod is respectively provided with a joint jack and an internal thread fastener corresponding to the plug 4 and the second external thread 5; the connection of the lower end to the probe is achieved by inserting the spigot 4 into the spigot receptacle and rotating the screw thread.
In the present embodiment, the rotating device 22 includes a horizontal gear rotating device 20 and a vertical gear rotating device 21.
In the present embodiment, the horizontal rotation unit 6 includes a first motor and a horizontal gear rotation device 20, and the horizontal gear rotation device 20 is driven by the first motor to mesh to drive the probe to rotate horizontally.
Specifically, the horizontal gear rotating device 20 is designed using the planetary gear transmission theory. The planetary gear transmission has the characteristics of small volume, small mass and compact structure, and the input shaft and the output shaft have coaxiality, so the planetary gear transmission has high transmission efficiency, stable motion, strong impact resistance and vibration resistance and can carry out power splitting when transmitting power. In order to improve the detection precision of the detector 30, the main body of the horizontal gear rotating device 20 is designed to have a transmission ratio of 360, two 3Z (I) type planetary gears are adopted for transmission, the maximum outer diameter of the gear is 72mm, and the main shaft of the gear coincides with the central shaft of the detector 30.
The engine device a outputs power through the motor, an output shaft of the engine device a is overlapped with a main shaft of the planetary gear and is connected with a central gear b positioned below the engine device a, the number of teeth of the central gear b is 18, power split is carried out on transmission power through three planetary gears c, a planetary carrier e below the central shaft of the planetary gears c is driven to convey power, the three planetary gears c are identical in size, the number of teeth is 27, and the three planetary gears c are uniformly distributed around the central gear.
The three planet wheels c roll around a central internal gear d, which is a fixed wheel and fixed with the detector, and the number of teeth of the three planet wheels c is 72. The planet carrier e drives the lower three planet wheels f connected with the planet carrier e to rotate (the number of the planet wheels f is 15). g is an internal gear composite structure, and the internal gear tooth number of the upper half is 60, and its purpose is to transmit the power that three planet wheels transmitted to the centre wheel h (the tooth number of centre wheel h is 15, the same with planet wheel f) of below through a center pin, and the power that centre wheel h transmitted also transmits through three evenly distributed planet wheels i. k. The power transmission modes of n and m are the same as those of e, g and f, and the corresponding gear specifications are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 values of parameters of a gear rotation system
The power transmission device can realize power transmission from the engine device a to the internal gear combined structure n, and the internal gear combined structure n finally drives the lower part of the whole detector to rotate in the horizontal direction, so that the computer 26 finally controls the engine device to rotate, and further controls the detector 30 to rotate in the 360-degree horizontal direction, and the exploded view of the device is shown in fig. 4.
In this embodiment, the vertical rotation unit further includes a second motor and a vertical gear rotation device 21 connected to the built-in rotation shaft of the rotation rod 25, and the second motor drives the vertical gear rotation device 21 to engage with the rotation rod 25 to drive the rotation rod to rotate vertically.
Specifically, the vertical gear rotating device 21 has the same power system as the horizontal gear rotating device 20, and has an independent engine device a ', and transmits power to the internal gear composite structure n' in the same power transmission manner as the horizontal gear rotating device, the internal gear composite structure n 'is connected with a bevel gear o through a central shaft below the internal gear composite structure n', the bevel gear o is connected with a bevel gear p with the same size in a vertical plane (the indexing cone angles of the bevel gears o and p are both 45 degrees and the number of teeth is 36 degrees), so that the purpose of transmitting from horizontal transmission to vertical transmission without changing the transmission ratio is achieved, a sprocket q coaxial with the bevel gear is connected to the outer side of the bevel gear p, and the sprocket q is connected with another sprocket s with the same size on a built-in rotating shaft of the vertical rotating rod through a chain r. The function of the vertical gear rotating device 21 can be realized through the above transmission mode, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5 and 6.
Further, the cavern detection system also comprises at least one drill rod 31 connected with the top of the probe rod. The specific number of the drill rods 31 is determined according to the depth of the measured karst cave.
Further, the cavern detection system further comprises a drill rod elevator 29 and a drilling machine control platform 28 connected with the drill rod elevator 29, wherein the drill rod elevator 29 is connected with a drill rod 31. Specifically, the winch is controlled by a rig control platform 28 on the drilling apparatus to raise or lower the detector 30, and the detector 30 is connected to the computer 26 by the cable 12.
The invention also provides a use method of the karst cave detection system, which comprises the following operation steps:
s1, sleeving a drill rod elevator 29 on a first clamping groove 2 at the upper end part of a horizontally placed detector 30, controlling a winch to lift the detector 30 through a drilling machine control platform 28, enabling an infrared drilling camera 11 of the probe to be located at a drilling hole opening, connecting the detector 30 with a computer 26 by adopting a cable 12, switching to an infrared drilling camera mode, slowly lowering the detector 30 along a drilling path until a second clamping groove 3 is flush with the hole opening position, shooting the surrounding rock condition in the drilling hole during lowering, and transmitting data back to the computer 26 for storage; in the karst cave detection system, the detector 30 is directly arranged at the front end of the drill rod elevator 29 or the drill rod 31 in the test process, the detector 30 is placed into the karst cave to be detected by utilizing the installation process of the drill rod 31, the field working condition is fully utilized, deeper karst caves can be detected, the detector is convenient to stabilize, the accuracy of test data is improved, and the detector 30 can be placed at an appointed position to be detected according to the installation, lifting or placing flexibility of the drill rod 31;
s2, fixing the detector 30 through the second clamping groove 3 by using a clamping groove wrench 32, enabling the detector 30 to be located at the position of the hole opening in the step S1, pulling the cable 12 connected with the detector 30 out of the computer 26, enabling the cable to penetrate out of the middle of the first hollow drill rod, connecting a connector of the cable 12 with the computer 26, controlling a winch through a drilling machine control platform 28 to lift the first drill rod above the upper end of the detector 30, and enabling the detector 30 to be connected with the first drill rod through an external thread 1;
s3, slowly lowering the detector 30 and the first drill rod along the drilling path until the second clamping groove 3 of the first drill rod reaches the position of the hole opening in the step S1 and fixing the drill rod by using the clamping groove wrench 32, wherein in the descending process of the detector 30, the infrared drilling camera 11 can be always in a working state, and transmits shot pictures back to the computer 26 for storage, and then preparing to connect the second drill rod with the first drill rod;
s4, repeating the steps S2 and S3 until the probe of the detector 30 is lowered to be below the karst cave top plate, enabling the probe to rotate +16 degrees and-16 degrees respectively along the vertical direction, starting an operation mode of an acoustic wave detector to detect the karst top plate near the drilled hole, and comprehensively determining the thickness of the karst top plate and the wave velocity of surrounding rocks of the karst cave according to the test result of an infrared drilling camera of the karst top plate;
s5, continuously lowering the detector 30 to a designated position in the karst cave, wherein the designated position of the height of the karst cave can be 1/3, 2/3 or 1/4, 1/2 or 3/4 of the height of the measured cave respectively, and connecting the cable 12 with the computer 26;
s6, for the empty karst cave, operating and selecting operation modes of a laser transmitting lens 10 and a laser receiving lens 10 at different specified positions through a computer 26, horizontally rotating 360-degree and vertically rotating 180-degree through a horizontal rotating unit 7 and a vertical rotating unit to complete all-dimensional detection work on the internal form of the karst cave, so that the geometric form of the three-dimensional space of the detected karst cave is obtained, meanwhile, operating and selecting an operation mode of an acoustic wave detector through the computer, and obtaining the surrounding rock condition of the karst cave in a mode of combining an acoustic wave transmitter and an acoustic wave receiver;
or for the semi-filled karst cave, firstly determining the geometric form of the non-filled part of the karst cave by adopting an empty karst cave detection method; then, selecting an operation mode of the acoustic wave detector through the operation of the computer 26, and acquiring the geometrical form, the filling compaction condition and the surrounding rock condition of the karst cave of the filled part by adopting a mode of combining the acoustic wave transmitter 7 and the acoustic wave receiver 8;
or for the filled cavern, the computer 26 operates to select the operation mode of the acoustic wave detector, and the geometric form and the filling compact condition of the measured filled cavern and the surrounding rock condition of the cavern are obtained by combining the acoustic wave transmitter 7 and the acoustic wave receiver 8.
Analyzing the karst cave condition by using detection information, wherein firstly, in the lowering process of the detector 30, the thickness of the top plate of the karst cave can be obtained by analyzing data collected by the infrared drilling camera 11; secondly, the acoustic emitter 7 emits acoustic waves to detect the top plate of the karst cave near the drill hole, and the wave velocity of the rock stratum near the drill hole can be obtained by using the known thickness of the top plate; and then, detecting the hole wall and the area to be detected in the karst cave, and performing inverse calculation on the thickness of the hole wall by utilizing the reflection principle of sound waves at different interfaces and the wave velocity of the top rock stratum to finally obtain the surrounding rock condition and the karst cave filling condition of the karst cave.
Before step S1, according to the engineering background, the geological environment and the regional geological data of the karst cave to be detected, a suitable detection method (such as a land sonar method, a seismic wave method and the like) is adopted to physically explore the region to be detected, the approximate direction of the karst cave is determined, the karst cave to be detected in detail is determined according to the engineering construction requirements, drilling equipment is adopted to drill above the karst cave, and the bottom of the hole is directly communicated with the inside of the karst cave.
In order to better describe the installation manner of the karst cave detection system in the application, a limestone tunnel of a certain martial system is taken as an example for specific explanation. Wherein, the geological survey data of the limestone stratum of the Hanwu system comprises: the karst is developed, a large karst cave area often appears, karsts in the karst cave area are criss-cross and have river development, and fillers mainly comprise loess mud layers and clay mud layers; the surface karst forms mainly comprise karst dunes, karst valleys, karst troughs, karst ditches and stone buds, and then a small amount of karst depressions, karst funnels, water falling holes and the like; the underground karst comprises a karst cave, a corrosion crack, a karst pipeline, a river and the like.
Through the analysis of engineering geological data and on-site actual exploration, land sonar method is adopted to perform surface exploration in the advancing direction of the tunnel, a large karst cave is found at a position of about 10m on the left side of the advancing direction of the tunnel, and the distance from the top of the karst cave to the surface of the earth is about 30m. In order to detect the detailed conditions inside the cavern, evaluate the stability and safety of the cavern and the influence on the engineering, and reduce the construction risk, a down-the-hole drill is adopted to drill a hole with the diameter of about 120mm right above the cavern, the bottom of the hole is directly communicated with the inside of the cavern, a drill rod is used for connecting a detector, and the detector is lowered into the cavern, so that the conditions inside the cavern are detected, as shown in fig. 7 to 11. The specific operation process is as follows:
(1) Lowering the detector 30: the winch is controlled by the drilling machine control platform 28, the drill rod elevator 29 is lowered (wherein the drill rod elevator 29 is of a metal structure, the upper part and the lower part can rotate mutually, the drill rod elevator has the function of rotating a drill rod by using a bearing, and a steel wire rope is prevented from being broken, and the drill rod elevator is a component which is matched with the clamping groove and can be fast sleeved with the first clamping groove 2 by adjusting the position), the drill rod elevator is sleeved on the first clamping groove 2 of the detector 30, and the cable 12 at the end part of the detector 30 can be led out from the position of a reserved hole of the drill rod elevator 29 without influencing the connection between the drill rod elevator 29 and the first clamping groove 2; starting the winch to vertically and upwards pull the detector 30 through the upper pulley until the body of the detector 30 is completely suspended; connect detector 30 and computer system 26 through cable conductor 12 to switch to the infrared ray drilling mode of making a video recording, adjust detector 30 position, when it is in same vertical direction with the drilling, the control hoist engine is transferred detector 30 to the position of second draw-in groove 3 and drill way position parallel and level, transfers the in-process and shoots the country rock condition in the drilling simultaneously, and returns computer 26 with data and saves. During the operation of the instrument, care is taken to prevent the probe 30 from being dragged or scratched against the walls of the hole and causing damage.
(2) The probe is fixed at the position of the hole: the slot key 32 is fitted over the second slot 3 of the probe, and both ends of the slot key 32 are horizontally placed on the ground, thereby fixing the probe 30 at the position of the orifice and removing the drill pipe elevator 29.
(3) The cable wire passes through a first drill rod: the first drill rod is a geological drill rod with the length of 2m and the diameter of 89mm, the upper part of the geological drill rod is sequentially provided with two clamping grooves which are consistent with those of the detector 30, the upper end of the geological drill rod is provided with an external thread, the lower end of the geological drill rod is provided with an internal thread, and the internal thread is matched with the external thread; the cable 12 is pulled out of the computer 26 and threaded through the hollow of the first drill pipe, the removed drill pipe elevator 29 is fitted over the second slot 3 on the first drill pipe, and the winch is started to pull the first drill pipe up to suspend it above the detector 30.
(4) The first drill pipe is pulled up and connected to the sonde 30: an operator holds the suspended first drill rod by hand, the first drill rod is aligned with the detector 30 in the vertical direction, the first drill rod is slowly lowered, and the first drill rod is rotated while being in contact with the first drill rod, so that the internal connection thread at the lower part of the first drill rod is matched with the external connection thread at the upper part of the detector 30; sleeving a casing tongs on a first drill rod, and fixing a detector 30 at the lower part through a clamping groove wrench 32; finally, the thread is slowly tightened by the casing tongs so that the sonde 30 is tightly connected to the first drill pipe.
(5) Lowering the tightened sonde 30 with the first drill pipe to be secured in the hole: the slot wrench 32 is removed, both now suspended in the borehole; connecting the computer 26 system with the detector 30 through the cable 12, and turning on the infrared drilling shooting mode; and starting the winch, slowly lowering the detector 30 and the first drill rod until a second clamping groove in the first drill rod is flush with the position of the hole, and continuously shooting and transmitting the picture back to the computer 26 for storage by the infrared drilling camera 11 in the lowering process of the detector 30.
(6) And (5) repeating the steps (3) to (5) until the detector 30 is lowered to the designated position inside the karst cave.
It should be noted that, in the present application, only one drilling apparatus is selected for illustration, but not limited to only one drilling apparatus, and any drilling apparatus capable of drilling through a drill rod can be applied to the present device for detection.
In summary, the invention provides a karst cave detection system and a use method thereof, the karst cave detection system comprises a detector and a computer connected with the detector, the detector comprises a probe rod and a probe connected with the bottom of the probe rod, the probe comprises a horizontal rotation unit and a vertical rotation unit coaxially arranged with the horizontal rotation unit, the horizontal rotation unit and the vertical rotation unit can respectively carry out all-directional detection of 360 degrees horizontally and 180 degrees vertically on the detected karst cave according to detection requirements, and the lower end of the vertical rotation unit is provided with a rotating rod internally provided with a rotating shaft for fixing; the rotary rod is provided with a detection integrated device for detecting the drilling surrounding rock condition, the karst cave geometric shape, the surrounding rock condition and the filling condition; the probe rod is internally provided with an information acquisition device for acquiring information detected by the detection integrated device and transmitting the information to the computer through a cable. The rotation angle of the probe is finely controlled through a computer, the detection modes can be flexibly switched, and the arrangement of the detectors through a drill rod of a drilling machine can ensure that equipment is stable and data is reliable in the test process; the system has high detection precision, and is favorable for improving the economical efficiency and the safety stability of the engineering construction of the karst area.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A karst cave detection system is characterized in that: comprises a detector and a computer;
the detector comprises a probe rod and a probe, the probe rod comprises an upper end part, a middle rod and a lower end part, the upper end part is provided with a first clamping groove and a second clamping groove, the middle rod is provided with an information acquisition device, and the lower end part is connected with the probe;
the probe comprises a horizontal rotating unit and a vertical rotating unit, the horizontal rotating unit comprises a first motor and a horizontal gear rotating device to realize horizontal 360-degree rotation, the lower end of the vertical rotating unit is provided with a rotating rod fixed through a built-in rotating shaft, the vertical rotating unit comprises a second motor and a vertical gear rotating device connected with the rotating rod to realize vertical 180-degree rotation, and the rotating rod is provided with a detection integrated device used for detecting the drilling surrounding rock condition, the karst cave geometric shape, the karst cave surrounding rock condition and the karst cave filling condition;
the detection integration device comprises a three-dimensional laser scanner, a sound wave detector and an infrared drilling camera, the three-dimensional laser scanner comprises a laser emitting lens and a laser receiving lens, the sound wave detector comprises a sound wave emitter and a sound wave receiver, the infrared drilling camera and the sound wave emitter are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of two ends of a rotating rod, the laser emitting lens and the laser receiving lens are arranged at one end of the rotating rod corresponding to the infrared drilling camera, and the sound wave receiver is arranged at the other end of the rotating rod corresponding to the sound wave emitter;
the information acquisition device is used for acquiring the information detected by the detection integrated device and transmitting the information to the computer through a cable.
2. A cavern detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the information acquisition device comprises a data energy integration module, a signal conversion module, a three-dimensional laser scanner signal acquisition module, a sound wave transmission signal acquisition module and an infrared drilling camera signal acquisition module; the three-dimensional laser scanner signal acquisition module, the sound wave transmission signal acquisition module and the infrared drilling camera signal acquisition module are respectively used for acquiring detection information of the three-dimensional laser scanner, the sound wave detection instrument and the infrared drilling camera, and transmitting the detection information to the signal conversion module for conversion, and the converted information is uploaded to the computer through the data energy integration module.
3. A cavern detection system according to claim 2, wherein: the information acquisition device also comprises a compass positioning module connected with the signal conversion module, and the compass positioning module is used for recording the position change of the detector in the descending process and the spatial information of each posture during detection.
4. A cavern detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the horizontal rotation unit comprises a first motor and a horizontal gear rotation device, and the horizontal gear rotation device is driven to be meshed through the first motor so as to drive the probe to rotate horizontally.
5. A cavern detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical rotating unit comprises a second motor and a vertical gear rotating device connected with the rotating rod, and the second motor drives the vertical gear rotating device to be meshed with the rotating rod so as to drive the rotating rod to vertically rotate.
6. A cavern detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the probe is provided with a plug and external threads, and the bottom of the probe rod is provided with a connector jack and an internal thread fastener corresponding to the plug and the external threads respectively.
7. A cavern detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the drilling rod is connected with the top of the probe rod.
8. A cavern detection system according to claim 7, wherein: the drilling machine control system further comprises a drill rod elevator and a drilling machine control platform connected with the drill rod elevator, and the drill rod elevator is connected with the drill rod.
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