CN105802584A - 具有受抑制的或者提高的闪点的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯与1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯组合物 - Google Patents

具有受抑制的或者提高的闪点的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯与1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯组合物 Download PDF

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CN105802584A
CN105802584A CN201610216229.8A CN201610216229A CN105802584A CN 105802584 A CN105802584 A CN 105802584A CN 201610216229 A CN201610216229 A CN 201610216229A CN 105802584 A CN105802584 A CN 105802584A
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B·B·陈
P·波内特
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Abstract

在此披露了一种具有提高的闪点的反式1,2二氯乙烯共混物，它包含大量的反式1,2二氯乙烯和少量的一种氢卤烯烃的一种组合。该组合呈现出了显著高于单独的反式1,2二氯乙烯的闪点。优选的氢卤烯烃是1氯3,3,3三氟丙烯(HCFO1233zd)。本主题共混物用作热传递试剂、推进剂和可喷洒的组合物、发泡剂、溶剂以及清洁剂。

Description

具有受抑制的或者提高的闪点的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯与1-氯-3,3,3-三氟 丙烯组合物
分案申请说明
本申请系申请日为2010年01月13日、国际申请号为PCT/US2010/020838、进入中国国家阶段后的国家申请号为201080005582.2、题为“具有受抑制的或者提高的闪点的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯与1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯组合物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及具有受抑制的或者提高的闪点的、主要为反式-1,2-二氯乙烯的组合物。更具体地说，本发明涉及与少量的一种氢氯氟烃相组合的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯，其中该组合呈现出了显著高于单独的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯的闪点。
发明背景
在包括聚氨酯的泡沫的生产过程中，采用诸如氢氯氟烃(HCFC)、氢氟烷(HFC)等的试剂作为发泡剂。这些材料还用作清洁剂或溶剂以及制冷剂。在泡沫或多元醇预混合料中包含不同的化学品。这些化学品可以包括多元醇类、催化剂类、表面活性剂类、阻燃剂类等。反式-1,2-二氯乙烯(TDCE)是在泡沫生产中以及清洁剂、溶剂和制冷剂应用中采用的一种已知的试剂。
反式-1,2-二氯乙烯或者TDCE的处理由于其-10℃的较低闪点而是成问题的。如在此使用的闪点是指用一种Setaflash“7系列”闪点试验仪所测量的闪点。为了运输的目的，目前的美国运输部法规指定具有小于60℃闪点的液体为可燃的。因此，TDCE的运输(如在泡沫生产中使用)是成问题的。
提供“不可燃的”TDCE的现有方法集中于将其与大量的、具有与TDCE类似的挥发性的不可燃化合物进行混合。此外，现有的方法依赖于形成TDCE与其他组分的共沸混合物的共混物以便抑制(提高)闪点。例如，从MinnesotaMining and Manufacturing Co.可获得的NovecTM工程化流体HFE-71DE包含TDCE与1-(甲氧基)九氟丁烷(C4F9OCH3)的一种共沸共混物。该共混物由按重量计50％的1-(甲氧基)九氟丁烷组成。这种共混物是不可燃的并且没有闪点。此类现有方法导致将一种或多种另外的挥发性化合物添加到TDCE中，这些化合物可以结合到用该混合物所生产的泡沫之中。类似地，从DuPont可获得的一种产品(MCA)是由按重量计约62％的1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷(HFC-4310mee)和按重量计约38％的TDCE组成的一种共沸共混物。
美国专利号5,759,986披露了具有按重量计40％至70％的1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷(HFC-4310mee)、15％-50％的TDCE、1％-25％的环戊烷以及1％-10％的甲醇或者按重量计35％至75％的HFC-4310mee、10-50％的TDCE以及5％-25％的环戊烷的一种共沸的或类共沸的组合物。对于所说明的共沸或类共沸组合物，未具体提及闪点或沸点。使用显著比例的诸如HFC-4310mee的挥发性化合物增加了该混合物的全球变暖潜能(GWP)。这些结果是不希望的。
美国专利号5,196,137披露了1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷(HFC-4310mee)和反式-1,2-二氯乙烯、顺式-1,1-二氯乙烯或者1,1-二氯乙烷的一种共沸混合物。所披露的HFC-4310mee和TDCE的共沸混合物主要由58至68重量百分比的HFC-4310mee和32至42重量百分比的TDCE组成。使用显著比例的诸如HFC-4310mee的挥发性化合物增加了该混合物的全球变暖潜能(GWP)。这些结果是不希望的。
美国专利号5,827,812披露了多种共沸混合物或类共沸混合物的组合物，它们包括主要由约25至83重量百分比的TDCE和约75至17重量百分比的全氟丁基甲醚组成的一种组成。使用显著比例的诸如全氟丁基甲醚的挥发性化合物增加了该混合物的全球变暖潜能(GWP)。这些结果是不希望的。
美国专利号6,793,840披露了3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九氟-1-己烯和TDCE的一种二元共沸组合物，它由30.7摩尔％的3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九氟-1-己烯和69.3摩尔％的TDCE组成。这种组合物等效于按重量计52.9％的3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九氟-1-己烯。再次，该共混物中的更高比例的3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九氟-1-己烯是不希望的。
发明简要概述
在此提供了包含TDCE作为主要部分、具有受抑制的或者提高的闪点的多种组合物。这些组合物允许了TDCE的更容易且更安全的处理以及运输，例如在泡沫生产、清洁/溶剂应用、热传递应用、气溶胶/喷射剂应用等等中使用。此外，这些组合物具有与由更大百分比的高全球变暖潜能的物质(如1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷或者1-(甲氧基)九氟丁烷)组成的那些共沸共混物相比更低的全球变暖潜能。这些组合物包含少量的一种氢氯氟烯烃以及大量的TDCE。已发现此类组合物呈现出了显著高于单独的TDCE的闪点。优选的氢氯氟烯烃是1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd)。通过将仅仅少量的此类氢氯氟烯烃加入TDCE中，大于48℃(纯TDCE的沸点)或者更高的闪点是有可能的。
详细说明
已经发现，TDCE的闪点可以通过将TDCE与少量的1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd)进行混合而得到抑制或者提高到高于48℃(纯TDCE的沸点)。为实现所希望的48℃或者更高的闪点而加入TDCE中的1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd)的量值是低至按重量计2.5％、优选地是大于按重量计5％，并且可以高达按重量计31％。因为HCFO-1233zd和TDCE二者均具有低的全球变暖潜能，所以该组合物应该也具有低的全球变暖潜能。少量的HCFO-1233zd在要求TDCE作为主要组分的应用中是特别有益的。
TDCE是在聚氨酯泡沫的生产中使用的一种添加剂，它提供了可加工性的增强、烟雾产生的抑制等。本发明的TDCE与1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd)的混合物提供了以毒性更小的组合来运输和处理TDCE的手段。该混合物在泡沫(如聚氨酯泡沫)的生产并且在清洁剂/溶剂的应用、在热传递的应用以及气溶胶/推进剂的应用中是有用的。本发明提供了为了此类用途而在危险更小的、不可燃的条件下运输和处理TDCE的手段。
本发明的组合物的其他用途包括用作溶剂、清洁剂、以及类似物。实例包括蒸气脱脂、去焊药、精密清洗、电子设备清洗、干洗、溶剂蚀刻清洁、用于沉积润滑剂和脱模剂的载体溶剂、以及其他溶剂或表面处理。本领域的普通技术人员将能够容易地将本发明的组合物适配为用于此类应用中，而无需过度的试验。
在以下非限制性实例中更详细地展示本发明。
实例
使用从Petroleum Systems Services Corporation可获得的Setaflash“7系列”闪点试验仪进行单独的反式-1,2-DCE(TDCE)、以及它与1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(1233zd)的共混物的闪点测量。根据ASTM D3878-96“以小刻度闭杯试验仪测试液体闪点的标准试验方法(Standard Test Methods for FlashPoint of Liquids by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester)”来进行该试验。使用平衡模式来获得闪点。
实例1
将2ml的TDCE装入0℃的室中，并且然后将该室温度迅速倾斜升高或者降低至所希望的温度。在每个希望的温度处测量闪点2到3次。对于各个温度点，载入新鲜样品。测得TDCE的闪点是在-10℃，这与文献中的一致。
表1TDCE闪点测定
试验温度(℃) 闪点
-29 否
-25 否
-20 否
-15 否
-12 否
-10 是
实例2
通过本领域的普通技术人员已知的方法基于wt％来制备1233zd和TDCE的共混物。在如上文中说明的各个温度下测量各个组合物的闪点。
表2 TDCE和1233zd共混物的闪点
虽然已经就本发明的具体实施方案对本发明进行了说明，但很显然本发明的众多其他形式以及变更对本领域的普通技术人员而言将是明显的。所附的权利要求以及本发明总体上应被解释为涵盖了所有在本发明的真实精神以及范围之内的此类明显的形式以及变更。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于增大反式-1,2-二氯乙烯的闪点的方法，该方法包括将按重量计大于2.5％且小于4％的1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯与反式-1,2-二氯乙烯进行共混，以得到在-29℃至45℃没有闪点的组合。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述共混物的闪点是高于约45℃。
3.一种用于传递热量的方法，该方法包括：冷凝一种热传递组合物并且此后蒸发所述热传递组合物，该热传递组合物包含按重量计从约95％至约97.5％的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯以及按重量计从约2.5％至约5％的1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
4.一种可喷洒的组合物，包含一种有待喷洒的材料以及一种推进剂，该推进剂包含按重量计从约95％至约97.5％的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯以及按重量计从约2.5％至约5％的1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
5.如权利要求4所述的可喷洒的组合物，其中所述组合物是一种气溶胶。
6.一种发泡剂，包含按重量计从约95％至约97.5％的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯以及按重量计从约2.5％至约5％的1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
7.一种溶剂或清洁剂，包含按重量计从约95％至约97.5％的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯以及按重量计从约2.5％至约5％的1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
CN201610216229.8A 2009-01-22 2010-01-13 具有受抑制的或者提高的闪点的反式-1,2-二氯乙烯与1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯组合物 Active CN105802584B (zh)

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