CN105799290A - 一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，包括吸油棉本体，所述吸油棉本体包括吸油层和固定在所述吸油层上的亲水膜层，所述亲水膜层的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合的无纺布，所述吸油层的材料为聚丙烯，所述亲水膜层上设置有若干个渗油孔。本发明通过在吸油层上设置亲水膜层，能够快速、彻底地吸收水面上漂浮的油花，本发明取代了现有的化学消油剂，在吸油水面油花的同时不对水体带来任何污染，高效环保。本发明在亲水膜层上设置渗油孔，所述渗油孔能够有效地将水上的油污导入吸油层中吸收，有力地提高了油污吸收效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油污处理领域，尤其涉及一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉。
背景技术
当海面发生石油泄露，或工厂发生漏油对附件河道造成污染时，一般有三种去除油污的方法，一是分散法，即采用油分散剂，打碎油膜，使其变成微粒，分散到水相中去，油分散剂加快了油的微粒化过程，使油沿垂直方向扩散，不在水体表面形成油膜，从而不去粘附船舶，礁石和海岸线。使用分散剂增加了油的表面积，加速了油的生物降解。但分散剂往往毒性较大，溢油面积大时，化油效率不高，且仅适用于海面石油泄露的处理。二是凝固法，即采用凝油剂，迅速提高油的粘度，使浮油结成块状物，便于回收，凝固法不如分散法用的普遍，因为生产工艺复杂，成本高，回收困难。三是吸附法，即采用吸油材料将油吸附，从而达到清理油污染的目的。吸附法是解决油污染的根本方法，具有较好的处理油污染的效果，且吸附的油污还可通过加工回收。
当水面上大块厚重的油污清理完成后，往往还会在水面遗留一些轻薄的油花，这些油花采用普通的吸油棉往往无法彻底清理干净，现有技术中，清理油花往往会用到化学消油剂，化学消油剂具有以下缺点：
在短暂时间内化学消油剂的局部浓度较高，可能与水体内的生物有短暂接触，会给某些生物的发育生长带来影响。市场上流通的化学消油剂，对高黏稠油(如高黏度重油、高蜡质油等)以及在低温(10℃以下)下使用，还存在着乳化率低或无效的弱点。费用昂贵，消油剂的用量起码为溢油量的20％以上,以30％～40％为好,而有时在处理粘度小或薄油层时耗量更可达到溢油量的100％。在实际处理大规模油膜时,采用如此高的消油剂和溢油量的比值导致处理价格相当高。消油剂通常要采用特殊装置如船舶、飞机进行喷洒，飞机喷洒用于处理不规则的大片油膜,覆盖海面的油膜厚度不一,所喷的消油剂不可能都与油膜相遇,造成消油剂的大量浪费,增加了处理成本。而且油污在分解过程中产生的一些有害物质，会先被海洋生物吸收并累积，随着食物链的传递，最后威胁到人的身体健康。这些分解物当中，有一些有致癌成分，这也是一种严重的生态危害。
因此，研究开发一种不带来水体污染，高效、方便地清理水上油花的吸油棉成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，能够有效吸收水上漂浮的油花，且不造成水体污染，本发明是这样实现的：
一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，包括吸油棉本体，所述吸油棉本体包括吸油层和固定在所述吸油层上的亲水膜层，所述亲水膜层的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合的无纺布，所述吸油层的材料为聚丙烯，所述亲水膜层上设置有若干个渗油孔。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层的数量为两层，分别固定在所述吸油层的上表面和下表面。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合压点的无纺布，所述涤纶与木浆纤维按照1-3:1的比例混合，所述木浆纤维包括针叶木纤维和阔叶木纤维，所述针叶木纤维与阔叶木纤维的比例为1-10:1。
进一步地，所述渗油孔为外大内小的锥形孔，所述锥形孔与所述吸油层连通。
进一步地，所述锥形孔的大孔孔径为500～800μm，所述锥形孔的小孔孔径为10～500μm。
进一步地，所述渗油孔为菱形孔，所述菱形孔与所述吸油层连通。
进一步地，所述菱形孔的孔径为500～800μm。
进一步地，所述吸油层为稀疏多孔状结构，孔洞尺寸为50-100nm。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层的厚度为5-20mm，所述吸油层的厚度为30-100mm。
进一步地，所述吸油棉本体的边缘分布有多个套环，所述套环穿过所述吸油棉本体，所述吸油棉本体进一步包括套绳，所述套绳穿过所述套环。
实施本发明，具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明通过在吸油层上设置亲水膜层，能够快速、彻底地吸收水面上漂浮的油花，本发明取代了现有的化学消油剂，在吸油水面油花的同时不对水体带来任何污染，高效环保。
(2)本发明的亲水膜层的材料采用涤纶与木浆纤维复合的水刺无纺布，粘胶纤维具有良好的液体吸收性能，水刺无纺布较为轻薄，能够确保快速的吸收水面的油花。
(3)本发明在亲水膜层上设置渗油孔，所述渗油孔能够有效地将水上的油污导入吸油层中吸收，有力地提高了油污吸收效率。
(4)本发明还在片状的吸油棉主体的边缘设置有套环和套绳，方便收集吸油棉，同时，套环和套绳还能够与其他吸油棉主体连接，形成大片的吸油区域，彻底清除水面油污。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案和优点，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。
图1是本发明实施例一提供的吸油棉的示意图；
图2是本发明实施例二提供的吸油棉的示意图；
图3是本发明实施例三提供的吸油棉的示意图；
图4是本发明实施例三提供的吸油棉主体的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例一的吸油棉吸附对比的效果图；
图中：1-吸油层，2-亲水膜层，3-渗油孔，4-套环，5-套绳，10-吸油棉主体。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一：
一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，包括吸油棉本体10，所述吸油棉本体10包括吸油层1和固定在所述吸油层1上的亲水膜层2，所述亲水膜层2的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合的无纺布，所述吸油层1的材料为聚丙烯，所述亲水膜层2上设置有若干个渗油孔3。
进一步地，如图1所示，所述亲水膜层2的数量为两层，分别固定在所述吸油层1的上表面和下表面，保证更加充分地吸收水面的油花。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层2的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合压点无纺布，特别是涤纶与木浆纤维复合压点的水刺无纺布。所述涤纶与木浆纤维按照1-3:1的比例混合，所述木浆纤维包括针叶木纤维和阔叶木纤维，所述针叶木纤维与阔叶木纤维的比例为1-10:1。木浆纤维是植物纤维的一种。但其不同于常言的植物纤维，它是一种二次纤维(即，从原植物纤维中分离出来的产物)，由于其主要是从木浆中提取出来的，所以以木浆纤维来命名，类似于造纸的纸浆。木浆纤维能够快速有效地吸收各种液体，包括油和水，因此采用木浆纤维复合的无纺布能够非常有效地清除浮在水上的油花。
本发明中亲水膜层由涤纶与木浆纤维复合混纺制成，能够在吸水的同时吸收油花，也只有当涤纶与木浆纤维的比例在1-3:1时，其效果最好，能够将油花彻底清除，吸油层由聚丙烯制成，当亲水膜层将油污吸入较多时，吸油层则将更多的油污吸附，几乎每一块吸附棉在吸油层所吸附的油都能达到饱和状态。
水刺无纺布生产克重一般较针刺无纺布克重低。针刺与水刺的区别：针刺一般比较厚，克重一般在80克以上，纤维较粗，手感较粗糙，表面有细小针孔。水刺布克重常见的在80克以下，特殊的有120-250克的，但很少。水刺布手感较细腻，表面纵向有细小的条状水刺纹路。本发明采用轻薄的水刺无纺布，更适合在水面使用。
进一步地，如图1所示，所述渗油孔3为外大内小的锥形孔，所述锥形孔与所述吸油层1连通。所述锥形孔的小孔靠近吸油层1.
进一步地，所述锥形孔的大孔孔径为500～800μm，所述锥形孔的小孔孔径为10～500μm。实验证明，只有当锥形孔的大孔孔径为500～800μm，所述锥形孔的小孔孔径为10～500μm时，吸油棉的吸附油花的效果最好，吸附效率最高。
进一步地，所述吸油层1为稀疏多孔状结构，孔洞尺寸为50-100nm。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层2的厚度为5-20mm，所述吸油层1的厚度为30-100mm。实验证明，所述亲水膜层的厚度与所述吸油层的厚度比为1:5-20间时，吸油棉吸附水面上漂浮的油花的效果最佳。
进一步地，所述吸油棉本体10的边缘分布有多个套环4，所述套环4穿过所述吸油棉本体10，所述吸油棉本体10进一步包括套绳5，所述套绳5穿过所述套环4。
如下表1所示，表1为当木浆纤维和涤纶按表中比例所测得的吸油性能；
图5是用普通吸油棉和本申请中的吸油棉吸附效果的比较图，a代表将带有油花的水用普通吸油棉过滤之后的情况，b代表将带有油花的水用本申请的吸油棉过滤之后的情况，c代表带有油花的水。由a可见，用普通的吸油棉过滤之后，油花并没有被过滤掉；由b可见，用本申请的吸油棉过滤之后，油花基本上被完全过滤掉。
表1
实施例二：
一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，包括吸油棉本体10，所述吸油棉本体10包括吸油层1和固定在所述吸油层1上的亲水膜层2，所述亲水膜层2的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合的无纺布，所述吸油层1的材料为聚丙烯，所述亲水膜层2上设置有若干个渗油孔3。
进一步地，如图2所示，所述亲水膜层2的数量为两层，分别固定在所述吸油层1的上表面和下表面，保证更加充分地吸收水面的油花。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层2的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合的水刺无纺布。
水刺无纺布生产克重一般较针刺无纺布克重低。针刺与水刺的区别：针刺一般比较厚，克重一般在80克以上，纤维较粗，手感较粗糙，表面有细小针孔。水刺布克重常见的在80克以下，特殊的有120-250克的，但很少。水刺布手感较细腻，表面纵向有细小的条状水刺纹路。本发明采用轻薄的水刺无纺布，更适合在水面使用。
进一步地，如图2所示，所述渗油孔3为菱形孔，所述菱形孔与所述吸油层1连通。
进一步地，所述菱形孔的孔径为500～800μm。
进一步地，所述吸油层1为稀疏多孔状结构，孔洞尺寸为50-100nm。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层2的厚度为5-20mm，所述吸油层1的厚度为30-100mm。
实施例三：
一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，包括吸油棉本体10，所述吸油棉本体10包括吸油层1和固定在所述吸油层1上的亲水膜层2，所述亲水膜层2的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合的无纺布，所述吸油层1的材料为聚丙烯，所述亲水膜层2上设置有若干个渗油孔3。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层2的数量为两层，分别固定在所述吸油层1的上表面和下表面，保证更加充分地吸收水面的油花。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层2的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合的水刺无纺布。
进一步地，所述吸油层1为稀疏多孔状结构，孔洞尺寸为50-100nm。
进一步地，所述亲水膜层2的厚度为5-20mm，所述吸油层1的厚度为30-100mm。
进一步地，
吸油棉本体10为片状，具体的形状可以是多种，如圆形、长方形，本发明不做具体限定。
如图3所示，所述吸油棉本体10为圆形片状，所述吸油棉本体10的边缘分布有多个套环4，所述套环4穿过所述吸油棉本体10，所述吸油棉本体10进一步包括套绳5，所述套绳5穿过所述套环4。套环4和套绳5的材料为轻薄的高分子材料，如塑料。
如图4所示，所述吸油棉主体10还可以是长方形。
本发明的吸油棉主体10的数量可以是多个，多个吸油棉主体通过套环4和/或套绳连接在一起，能否吸收大面积水上的油污，彻底清除水上漂浮的油花。
(1)本发明通过在吸油层上设置亲水膜层，能够快速、彻底地吸收水面上漂浮的油花，本发明取代了现有的化学消油剂，在吸油水面油花的同时不对水体带来任何污染，高效环保。
(2)本发明的亲水膜层的材料采用涤纶与木浆纤维复合的水刺无纺布，粘胶纤维具有良好的液体吸收性能，水刺无纺布较为轻薄，能够确保快速的吸收水面的油花。
(3)本发明在亲水膜层上设置渗油孔，所述渗油孔能够有效地将水上的油污导入吸油层中吸收，有力地提高了油污吸收效率。
(4)本发明还在片状的吸油棉主体的边缘设置有套环和套绳，方便收集吸油棉，同时，套环和套绳还能够与其他吸油棉主体连接，形成大片的吸油区域，彻底清除水面油污。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，包括吸油棉本体(10)，所述吸油棉本体(10)包括吸油层(1)和固定在所述吸油层(1)上的亲水膜层(2)，所述亲水膜层(2)的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合的无纺布，所述吸油层(1)的材料为聚丙烯，所述亲水膜层(2)上设置有若干个渗油孔(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述亲水膜层(2)的数量为两层，分别固定在所述吸油层(1)的上表面和下表面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述亲水膜层(2)的材料为涤纶与木浆纤维复合压点的无纺布，所述涤纶与木浆纤维按照1-3:1的比例混合，所述木浆纤维包括针叶木纤维和阔叶木纤维，所述针叶木纤维与阔叶木纤维的比例为1-10:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述渗油孔(3)为外大内小的锥形孔，所述锥形孔与所述吸油层(1)连通。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述锥形孔的大孔孔径为500～800μm，所述锥形孔的小孔孔径为10～500μm。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述渗油孔(3)为菱形孔，所述菱形孔与所述吸油层(1)连通。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述菱形孔的孔径为500～800μm。
8.根据权利要求1、2、4或6所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述吸油层(1)为稀疏多孔状结构，孔洞尺寸为50-100nm。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述亲水膜层(2)的厚度为5-20mm，所述吸油层(1)的厚度为30-100mm。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种用于清理水上油花的复合吸油棉，其特征在于，所述吸油棉本体(10)的边缘分布有多个套环(4)，所述套环(4)穿过所述吸油棉本体(10)，所述吸油棉本体(10)进一步包括套绳(5)，所述套绳(5)穿过所述套环(4)。
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| CN111136979A (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-12 | 杭州诚品实业有限公司 | 一种三明治结构的亲水吸油无纺布及其制备方法 |
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| JP2000328548A (ja) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-28 | Bridgestone Corp | オイルフェンス |
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| CN105107483A (zh) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 中鸿纳米纤维技术丹阳有限公司 | 一种纳米级吸油毡及其制备方法 |
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| CN111136979A (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-12 | 杭州诚品实业有限公司 | 一种三明治结构的亲水吸油无纺布及其制备方法 |
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