CN105796933A - 一种治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物 - Google Patents
一种治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物及其制备方法。该药物组合物由内服药物和外用药物组成;所述内服药物由下述原料制成:川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香、玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络;所述外用药物主要由下述原料制成:白芷、透骨草、爬山虎、地肤子。通过外用,打通患者闭塞血脉和经络,促进气血通畅,缓解病情;通过口服药物调理脏腑功能,两者结合,内外合治,整体上更易获得满意的临床治疗效果。同时,副作用较小,可有效地减轻病者负担和痛苦,值得临床上广泛推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中医药技术领域,涉及一种治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
原发性三叉神经痛(trigemialneuralgia,TN),指的是三叉神经分布区内反复发作的阵发性、短暂、剧烈疼痛而不伴有三叉神经功能破坏的症状。多发于40岁以上的中老年人,女性略多于男性。临床表现为三叉神经分布区出现电击样、撕裂样疼痛,呈阵发性,持续时间通常为几秒或1-2分钟,疼痛急骤、剧烈。疼痛常为单侧,少数双侧发病。本病反复发作,很少自愈。目前TN的病因及发病机制尚不十分明确,近年来研究发现本病是由多种因素导致的,且各因素并非孤立存在,而是相互影响相互作用共同致病的。
关于三叉神经痛的治疗方法有许多种,从单纯的口服药物治疗、物理疗法,到各药物注射封闭治疗以及手术切断、撕脱术、微血管减压术等。这些方法多通过抑制神经、阻滞神经、破坏神经,致使三叉神经失去正常的生理功能,达到暂时止痛的作用。不仅治疗时间长,治疗费用也相对较高;有的甚至会导致损伤脑神经或脑组织,也有出现失明、脑出血、面部麻痹等严重后遗症。西药副作用较为明显,一些患者使用后出现头晕乏力,恶心呕吐,白细胞减少,皮疹等不良反应。
祖国传统医学将三叉神经痛归入头痛、偏头痛、面痛等范畴,并对经典三叉神经痛进行了深入细致的研究。中医认为本病的发病无外乎内因、外因,内因多为肝、脾、肾三脏功能失调,从而使气郁、火郁、湿阻、痰壅、风动之变由生,致邪阻经络或上犯清窍,则壅遏为痛;亦可因肝胃阴虚或脾虚血亏、脉络失养、不荣则痛。外因多为风邪挟寒、热、湿诸邪,侵犯经脉,阻遏脉络,不通则痛。祖国医学在治疗本病方面具有一定的优势,大量临床实践证明,中医药治疗疗效确切,毒副作用少,不易复发,易于被患者接受。因此,加强中医对原发性三叉神经痛的认识及治疗具有十分重要的临床意义。
发明内容
针对目前原发性三叉神经痛西药治疗的不足,本发明的第一个目的是提供一种通过内服外用治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,通过内外结合治疗见效快、无任何毒副作用,能较大程度上解决患者的痛苦。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于其由内服药物和外用药物组成;所述内服药物由下述原料制成:川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香、玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络;所述外用药物主要由下述原料制成:白芷、透骨草、爬山虎、地肤子。
本发明药用原料的用量是经发明人进行大量摸索总结得出的,进一步地,所述内服药物由下述优选重量份的原料制成:川芎8-13份、红毛七12-17份、牡丹皮8-13份、合血香4-7份、玫瑰花8-13份、大果卫矛10-15份、手掌参15-20份、防风5-8份、天麻7-12份、丝瓜络5-9份;所述外用药物主要由下述优选重量份的原料制成:白芷6-11份、透骨草8-13份、爬山虎25-30份、地肤子10-15份。
进一步地,所述内服药物由下述优选重量份的原料制成:川芎12份、红毛七15份、牡丹皮10份、合血香5份、玫瑰花10份、大果卫矛10份、手掌参20份、防风8份、天麻9份、丝瓜络6份;所述外用药物由下述优选重量份的原料制成:白芷8份、透骨草12份、爬山虎30份、地肤子12份。
进一步地所述外用药物还含有6-10份的蜂蜡和50-60份的凡士林。
所述内服药物的方解如下:川芎辛温,活血行气,祛风止痛;红毛七辛苦温,活血散瘀,祛风除湿,行气止痛,二药伍用活血散瘀,祛风行气止痛为君药。防风解表祛风,胜湿,止痉,天麻熄风止痉,祛风通络,二药伍用祛风止痛效果好为臣药。牡丹皮苦辛微寒,活血散瘀,使瘀滞散而气血流畅,疼痛得解,同时可佐制君药行散太过;合血香味甘芳香,有疏风行气,通经活血;玫瑰花行气解郁,和血散瘀,止痛;大果卫矛甘平,益肾壮腰,化瘀利湿;手掌参补脾益气,理气和血,安神镇惊,止痛;丝瓜络通络,活血,祛风,六药为佐使药,诸药合伍活血散瘀、行气止痛,祛风通络。
所述外用药中:白芷辛温,散风除湿,通窍止痛;透骨草辛祛风除湿,舒筋活血,散瘀消肿;爬山虎祛风通络,活血散结;地肤子清热利湿,祛风止痒。
本发明内服药物和外用药物的有机配合,通过外用,打通患者闭塞血脉和经络,促进气血通畅,缓解病情,起到“外治”作用;通过口服药物“内治”,两者结合,内外合治,一方面活血散瘀,疏通经气,气至则达到止痛之功效,另一方面通过药力扩散达到缓解疼痛、减轻痛苦的作用,整体上更易获得满意的临床治疗效果。
本发明所述药物组合物中各原料药的性味归经及功能主治如下所述。
川芎:【性味】辛,温。【归经】归肝、胆、心包经。【功能主治】活血行气,祛风止痛。用于月经不调,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。
红毛七:【性味】辛;苦;性温。【归经】肝;胃经。【功能主治】活血散瘀;祛风除湿;行气止痛。主月经不调;痛经;产后血瘀腹痛;脘腹寒痛;跌打损伤,风湿痹痛。【用法用量】内服:煎汤,3-15g;或浸酒;或研末。
牡丹皮:【性味】苦、辛,微寒。【归经】归心、肝、肾经。【功能主治】清热凉血,活血化瘀。用于温毒发斑,吐血衄血,夜热早凉,无汗骨蒸,经闭痛经,痈肿疮毒,跌扑伤痛。
合血香:【性味】辛;甘;性平。【归经】肝;肺经。【功能主治】疏风宣肺;止咳平喘。主感冒;咳嗽;哮喘。【用法用量】内服:煎汤,9~15g。
玫瑰花:【性味】甘、微苦,温。【归经】归肝、脾经。【功能主治】理气解郁,和血散瘀。治肝胃气痛,新久风痹,吐血咯血,月经不调,赤白带下,痢疾,乳痈,肿毒。
大果卫矛:【性味】甘;微苦;平。【归经】肝;脾;肾经。【功能主治】益肾壮腰;化瘀利湿。主肾虚腰痛;胎动不安;慢性肾炎;产后恶露不尽;跌打骨折;风湿痹痛;带下。【用法用量】内服:煎汤,10-60g。外用:适量,煎汤熏洗。
手掌参:【性味】甘;平。【归经】肺;脾;胃经。【功能主治】止咳平喘;益肾健脾;理气和血;止痛。主肺虚咳喘;虚劳消瘦;神经衰弱;肾虚腰腿酸软;阳痿;滑精;尿频;慢性肝炎;久泻;失血;带下;乳少;跌打损伤。
防风:【来源】伞形科植物防风的干燥根。【性味】辛、甘,温。【归经】归膀胱、肝、脾经。【功能主治】解表祛风,胜湿,止痉。用于感冒头痛,风湿痹痛,风疹瘙痒,破伤风。
天麻:【性味】甘、辛,平。【归经】归肝经。【功能主治】熄风止痉,平肝阳,祛风通络。主治急慢惊风,抽搐拘挛,破伤风,眩晕,头痛,半身不遂,肢麻,风湿痹痛。
丝瓜络:【性味】甘,平。【归经】归肺、胃、肝经。【功能主治】通络,活血,祛风。用于痹痛拘挛,胸胁胀痛,乳汁不通。【用法用量】4.5~9g。
白芷【来源】伞型科植物白芷的干燥根。【性味】辛,温。【归经】归胃、大肠、肺经。【功能主治】散风除湿,通窍止痛,消肿排脓。用于感冒头痛,眉棱骨痛,鼻塞,鼻渊,牙痛,白带,疮疡肿痛。
透骨草:【性味】辛;性温。【归经】肺;肝经。【功能主治】祛风除湿;舒筋活血;散瘀消肿;解毒目痛。主风湿痹痛;筋骨挛缩;寒湿脚气;腰部扭伤;瘫痪;闭经;阴囊湿疹;疮疖肿毒。
爬山虎:【来源】葡萄科爬山虎属植物爬山虎Parthenocissustricuspidata(Sieb.etZucc.)Planch.,以根和茎入药。【性味】甘、涩,温。【功能主治】祛风通络,活血解毒。用于风湿关节痛;外用治跌打损伤,痈疖肿毒。【用法用量】0.5~1两,水煎或泡酒服;外用适量,根皮捣烂,酒调敷患处。
地肤子:【来源】本品为藜科植物地肤Kochiascoparia(L.)Schrad.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收植株,晒干,打下果实,除去杂质。【性味】辛、苦,寒。【归经】归肾、膀胱经。【功能主治】清热利湿,祛风止痒。用于小便涩痛,阴痒带下,风疹,湿疹,皮肤瘙痒。【用法用量】9~15g。外用适量,煎汤熏洗。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物的制备方法。
为了更好地表达本发明的药物组合物,本发明药物组合物中的内服药物是由川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香、玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络或其水或其有机溶剂提取物为活性成分,可加一种或多种药学上可接受的载体,将其制成常规的口服剂型,如片剂、胶囊剂、软胶囊、分散片、口服液、颗粒剂、咀嚼片、丸剂、滴丸、缓释片、缓释胶囊、控释片、控释胶囊,混悬剂、糖浆。本发明药物组合物中的内服药物优选制成为片剂、胶囊剂或丸剂;最优选为胶囊剂。
本发明药物组合物中的内服药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:取川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香加入药材重量份3~7倍、浓度为70%的乙醇,加热回流提取2次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎成干膏粉,备用;
取玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络连同川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香乙醇提取后药渣加入药材重量份6~10倍的水,煎煮提取2次,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.06-1.15(60℃测得),加入乙醇使得含醇量达到40%,静置24h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,药液浓缩干燥并粉碎成干膏粉,与川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香的干膏粉混合均匀,即得,本领域技术人员可在该制备方法基础上进一步制备得到。
本发明药物组合物中的外用药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:将白芷、透骨草、爬山虎、地肤子分别粉碎成平均粒径为40-50μm的颗粒后加入3-7倍量的60%的乙醇水溶液,采用超声波提取,超声波提取完毕,取滤液,减压浓缩并干燥得提取物,粉碎成细粉备用;其中,提取条件包括:超声功率为150-160W,提取温度为35-40℃,提取时间为20-40min;取蜂蜡水浴融化,加入提取物细粉混合均匀,于50-60℃熬制30~60min,加入凡士林调成软膏,自然冷却至室温,封装,即得。
因为本发明还请求保护上述所述药物组合物在制备治疗气滞血瘀型原发性三叉神经痛药物中的用途。通过临床观察试验可知:使用本发明药物对39例原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床观察表明,本发明药物能有效解除或缓解疼痛,明显消除中医症状,解除患者痛苦,治疗组临床疗效总有效率为94.9%,对照组为82.1%;治疗前两组发作频度、疼痛程度比较无差别;治疗后两组发作频度、疼痛程度均减少,治疗前后经t检验均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后的两组比较差异亦统计学意义(P<0.05),两者在改善发作频度、疼痛程度方面有差别,治疗组明显优于对照组。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果在于:本发明以中医理论为基础,配伍明确,组方严谨,选药精当,具有多靶点、多环节、多层次的综合调控作用。通过外用,打通患者闭塞血脉和经络,促进气血通畅,缓解病情,起到“外治”作用;通过口服药物“内治”,两者结合,内外合治,一方面活血散瘀,疏通经气,气至则达到止痛之功效,另一方面通过药力扩散达到缓解疼痛、减轻痛苦的作用,整体上更易获得满意的临床治疗效果。同时,副作用较小,可有效地减轻病者负担和痛苦,能够达到标本兼治的目的,值得临床上广泛推广应用。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明,本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明进行的变更、组合或替换,对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的,且包含在本发明的范围之内。
一、内服药物的制备
实施例1胶囊剂
处方:川芎12份、红毛七15份、牡丹皮10份、合血香5份、玫瑰花10份、大果卫矛10份、手掌参20份、防风8份、天麻9份、丝瓜络6份。
制备方法:取川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香加入药材重量份3~7倍、浓度为70%的乙醇,加热回流提取2次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎成干膏粉,备用;
取玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络连同川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香乙醇提取后药渣加入药材重量份6~10倍的水,煎煮提取2次,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.06-1.15(60℃测得),加入乙醇使得含醇量达到40%,静置24h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,药液浓缩干燥并粉碎成干膏粉,与川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香的干膏粉混合均匀,依照常规工艺制成胶囊剂,每粒装量0.3g,相当于生药0.80g。
实施例2胶囊剂
处方:川芎10份、红毛七12份、牡丹皮10份、合血香6份、玫瑰花12份、大果卫矛12份、手掌参18份、防风8份、天麻9份、丝瓜络6份。
制备方法:参照实施例1的操作。
实施例3胶囊剂
处方:川芎10份、红毛七12份、牡丹皮12份、合血香4份、玫瑰花10份、大果卫矛15份、手掌参15份、防风6份、天麻8份、丝瓜络6份。
制备方法:参照实施例1的操作。
实施例4胶囊剂
处方:川芎8份、红毛七12份、牡丹皮8份、合血香65份、玫瑰花12份、大果卫矛10份、手掌参15份、防风8份、天麻10份、丝瓜络5份。
制备方法:参照实施例1的操作。
实施例5胶囊剂
处方:川芎12份、红毛七18份、牡丹皮12份、合血香5份、玫瑰花10份、大果卫矛12份、手掌参16份、防风6份、天麻12份、丝瓜络8份。
制备方法:参照实施例1的操作。
实施例6片剂
处方:川芎12份、红毛七15份、牡丹皮10份、合血香5份、玫瑰花10份、大果卫矛10份、手掌参17份、防风8份、天麻9份、丝瓜络6份。
制备方法:取川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香加入药材重量份3~7倍、浓度为70%的乙醇,加热回流提取2次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎成干膏粉,备用;
取玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络连同川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香乙醇提取后药渣加入药材重量份6~10倍的水,煎煮提取2次,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.06-1.15(60℃测得),加入乙醇使得含醇量达到40%,静置24h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,药液浓缩干燥并粉碎成干膏粉,与川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香的干膏粉混合均匀,依照常规工艺制成片剂,每片0.5g,相当于生药0.80g。
实施例7丸剂
处方:川芎12份、红毛七15份、牡丹皮10份、合血香5份、玫瑰花10份、大果卫矛10份、手掌参20份、防风8份、天麻9份、丝瓜络6份。
制备方法:取川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香加入药材重量份3~7倍、浓度为70%的乙醇,加热回流提取2次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎成干膏粉,备用;
取玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络连同川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香乙醇提取后药渣加入药材重量份6~10倍的水,煎煮提取2次,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.06-1.15(60℃测得),加入乙醇使得含醇量达到40%,静置24h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,药液浓缩干燥并粉碎成干膏粉,与川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香的干膏粉混合均匀,依照常规工艺制成丸剂。
二、外用药物的制备
实施例8软膏
处方:白芷8份、透骨草12份、爬山虎30份、地肤子12份、蜂蜡6份、凡士林52份。
制备方法:将白芷、透骨草、爬山虎、地肤子分别粉碎成平均粒径为43μm的颗粒后加入5倍量的60%的乙醇水溶液,采用超声波提取,超声波提取完毕,取滤液,减压浓缩并干燥得提取物,粉碎成细粉备用;取蜂蜡水浴融化,加入提取物细粉混合均匀,于55℃熬制40min,加入凡士林调成软膏,自然冷却至室温,封装,即得。其中,提取条件包括:超声功率为150-160W,提取温度为35-40℃,提取时间为20-40min。
实施例9软膏
处方:白芷10份、透骨草10份、爬山虎28份、地肤子12份、蜂蜡8份、凡士林55份。
制备方法:将白芷、透骨草、爬山虎、地肤子分别粉碎成平均粒径为47μm的颗粒后加入6倍量的60%的乙醇水溶液,采用超声波提取,超声波提取完毕,取滤液,减压浓缩并干燥得提取物,粉碎成细粉备用;取蜂蜡水浴融化,加入提取物细粉混合均匀,于57℃熬制40min,加入凡士林调成软膏,自然冷却至室温,封装,即得,其中,提取条件包括:超声功率为150-160W,提取温度为35-40℃,提取时间为20-40min。
实施例10软膏
处方:白芷8份、透骨草10份、爬山虎30份、地肤子15份、蜂蜡8份、凡士林57份。
制备方法:将白芷、透骨草、爬山虎、地肤子分别粉碎成平均粒径为45μm的颗粒后加入6倍量的60%的乙醇水溶液,采用超声波提取,超声波提取完毕,取滤液,减压浓缩并干燥得提取物,粉碎成细粉备用;取蜂蜡水浴融化,加入提取物细粉混合均匀,于50℃熬制50min,加入凡士林调成软膏,自然冷却至室温,封装,即得,其中,提取条件包括:超声功率为150-160W,提取温度为35-40℃,提取时间为20-40min。
实施例11软膏
处方:白芷11份、透骨草10份、爬山虎30份、地肤子10份、蜂蜡9份、凡士林55份。
制备方法:参照实施例8-10的操作。
实施例12软膏
处方:白芷9份、透骨草10份、爬山虎25份、地肤子15份、蜂蜡6份、凡士林57份。
制备方法:参照实施例8-10的操作。
实施例13软膏
处方:白芷6份、透骨草10份、爬山虎28份、地肤子12份、蜂蜡8份、凡士林55份。
制备方法:参照实施例8-10的操作。
三、毒理学试验:
(1)急性毒性试验报告
试验方法:以本发明实施例1的胶囊剂为对象,选择20只成年白鼠进行试验,临床日用量的150倍给试验组的20只白鼠大肠内投药,观察7日。结果20只白鼠均健存,其活动、饮食、毛发、排泄物未发现异常,未见毒性反应。
(2)慢性毒性试验报告:
试验方法:以本发明实施例1的胶囊剂为对象,取30只成熟的生命体征相同的家兔作为对象,雌雄参半,将其随机划分为5个组,1个空白组和3个试验组,将药物混入家兔的饲料中对4组试验组进行喂食。实验一组喂食临床日常剂量的3倍,试验二组喂食临床剂量的6倍,试验三组喂食临床剂量的18倍。用药进行30天,通过比较用药前、用药30天、以及停药30天后的家兔的行为、精神状态、粪便等变化,来进行药物的毒性检测。通过对试验组的家兔观察,喂药后的家兔,在行为、精神状态以及粪便等方面,与未投药的家兔,无任何区别。因此,该药物长期服用,不具有蓄积毒性,不会在体内淤积毒素。
(3)本发明软膏剂的急性经皮毒性试验
受试物:本发明实施例8制备的软膏剂。实验动物:由山东省中医药研究院实验动物中心提供SD大白鼠20只,雌雄各半,体重180-220g。
试验方法:试验前24小时,于动物背部脊柱两侧去毛,去毛范围约为体表面积10%。按5000mg/kg体重剂量,对试鼠去毛部位进行涂敷并固定,24小时后,温水除去残留受试物,连续观察7天。
试验结果:观察期内未见试鼠全身异常变化,也未见死亡,涂受试物局部未见红肿、溃烂、炎症、坏死等反应。以上结果说明该药对大鼠急性经皮毒性属实际无毒级。
(4)本发明软膏剂的多次皮肤刺激试验结果
受试物:本发明实施例8制备的软膏剂。实验动物:由山东大学医学院实验动物中心提供日本大耳白家兔4只,雌雄各半,体重2.5-3.0kg。
试验方法:试验前24小时,于每只兔背部脊柱两侧剪毛备皮,去毛范围各3cm×6cm。取本发明实施例8制备的软膏剂涂在每兔一侧皮肤上,每天涂抹一次,对侧均作溶剂对照。连续涂抹14d。每天涂前剪毛,不得损伤皮肤,保证受试物与皮肤充分接触。每天观察皮肤反应及打分。试验结束,取涂抹部位皮肤进行病理组织学检查。
实验结果:多次皮肤刺激试验表明本发明多次皮肤刺激最高刺激指数及病理组织积分均为0,按照DB61-267-1998《保健用品安全性毒理学评价程序和检验方法》中皮肤刺激强度分级标准,本发明多次皮肤刺激强度属无刺激性。
(5)本发明软膏剂的皮肤过敏试验
受试物:本发明实施例8制备的软膏剂;阳性对照物:2,4-二硝基氯代苯;实验动物:由山东大学医学院实验动物中心提供豚鼠30只,雌雄各半,体重250-300g。
试验方法:将试验豚鼠随机分成三组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别为受试物组、阴性对照组和阳性对照组。
致敏接触:给受试物前24小时将豚鼠背部脊柱左侧毛去掉,去毛范围约3cm×3cm。取受试物0.2g/只,配制后涂敷在动物背部左侧脱毛区,持续6小时。第七天和第十四天,用同样方法重复一次,阳性对照组涂1%DNCB,阴性对照组不作处理。激发接触:于末次给受试物后十四天,将受试物0.2g/只,配制后涂敷于豚鼠背部右侧脱毛区,6小时后去掉受试物,即刻观察过敏反应情况,然后于1、24、48、72小时再次观察。阳性对照组涂1%DNCB,阴性对照组不作处理。观察方法同受试物组。
试验结果:皮肤过敏试验表明本发明软膏剂,按照按照DB61-267-1998《保健用品安全性毒理学评价程序和检验方法》中有关皮肤致敏强度评价标准,本发明属无致敏性。
四、临床观察试验
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料:78例观察对象来自2013年3月至2014年3月于我院神经外科门诊就诊的原发性三叉神经痛患者,随机分入治疗组和对照组。治疗组39例,年龄45~70岁,病程15d~5年,单侧发病37例;对照组39例,年龄43~73岁,病程2月~5年,单侧发病38例。两组性别、年龄、病程方面无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2病例选择标准
1.2.1西医诊断标准:符合国际头面痛学会分类委员会确定的原发性三叉神经痛的诊断标准:阵发性发作的面部疼痛,持续数秒;疼痛至少包含以下4种标准:①疼痛只限于三叉神经的一支或多支分布区,②疼痛为突然的、强烈的、尖锐的、皮肤表面的刺痛或烧灼痛,③疼痛程度严重,④刺激扳机点可诱发疼痛,⑤具有痉挛发作间歇期;无神经系统损害表现;每次发作形式刻板;排除其他引起面部疼痛的疾患。
临床分级标准:轻度:每日发作10次以下;中度:每日发作10-30次;重度:每日发作30次以上。
1.2.2中医辩证标准:参照国家药品监督管理局2002年全面修订的《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》中有关的中医症候诊断标准拟定:面部阵发性疼痛为刀割或火烧样,兼有胀痛,患侧面部皮肤灰暗、粗糙,有扳机点,触之疼痛可立即发作,胸部满闷,心悸气短,失眠多梦,舌质暗紫可有瘀点,舌腹静脉发紫纡曲变粗,脉细而涩。
1.3纳入及排除标准:
1.3.1纳入标准:符合以上中西医诊断标准的患者,均可纳入试验。
1.3.2排除标准:虽为本病,但已采用过药物、电凝、手术等使神经纤维破坏、功能丧失者;妊娠或哺乳期妇女,过敏体质者;合并心血管、脑血管、肝、肾和造血系统等严重原发性疾病、精神病患者;不符合纳入标准、未按规定用药无法判定疗效,或资料不全等影响疗效或安全性判断者。
1.4治疗方法:治疗组给予本发明实施例1的胶囊剂,每次3-6粒,饭后半小时后服用,每日三次,同时在患处涂抹本发明实施例8制备的软膏,每日4~6次;对照组给予卡马西平每次0.1g,每日3次。两组均以14天为一个疗程,治疗时间2个疗程。
1.5观察指标
1.5.1安全性指标:一般体检项目检查;血、尿、便常规检查;心、肝、肾功能检查用药前及临床研究结束后各检查一次,随时观察不良反应。
1.5.2疗效性观测:观察用药前后中医证候评分变化,治疗前、治疗后各一次;疼痛发作时间、次数、程度、持续时间、诱发原因;相关体征血压、面红、目赤、舌、脉、体温、脉搏、呼吸等。
1.6疗效判定标准:参照1995年颁布的《中药新药治疗三叉神经痛的临床研究指导原则》制定:临床治愈:疼痛停止,面部感觉等功能正常,随访3个月以上无复发;显效:疼痛停止后,3个月内复发,但发作频次较前减少50%以上;有效:疼痛发作频次较前减少25-50%;无效:疼痛发作频次减少小于25%。
1.7统计学方法:采用SPSS15.0统计软件进行计算。各数值以表示,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组总体疗效比较:治疗组临床疗效总有效率为94.9%,对照组为82.1%,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组优于对照组。详见表1。
表1两组总体疗效比较(n%,例)
注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05。
2.2两组发作频度、疼痛程度改善情况比较:治疗前两组发作频度、疼痛程度比较无差别;治疗后两组发作频度、疼痛程度均减少,治疗前后经t检验均有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明两组药物都能减少发作频度、疼痛程度;治疗后的两组比较差异亦统计学意义(P<0.05),两者在改善发作频度、疼痛程度方面有差别,治疗组明显优于对照组。见表2。
表2两组发作频度、疼痛程度改善情况比较
注:与治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与治疗后对照组比较,#P<0.05。
2.3不良反应及安全性检测:在观察期间,治疗组病人无任何主观不适,血、尿、大便常规及心、肝、肾功能等检查均未出现异常。对照组中出现胃肠道反应者4例;头晕、嗜睡者3例,治疗组不良反应更少。
临床实践表明,内服药物和外用药物有机配合治疗三叉神经痛效果优于单纯西药治疗。通过外用,打通患者闭塞血脉和经络,促进气血通畅,缓解病情,起到“外治”作用;通过口服药物“内治”,两者结合,内外合治,一方面活血散瘀,疏通经气,气至则达到止痛之功效,另一方面通过药力扩散达到缓解疼痛、减轻痛苦的作用,整体上更易获得满意的临床治疗效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于其由内服药物和外用药物组成;所述内服药物由下述原料制成:川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香、玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络;所述外用药物主要由下述原料制成:白芷、透骨草、爬山虎、地肤子。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于所述内服药物由下述重量份的原料制成:川芎8-13份、红毛七12-17份、牡丹皮8-13份、合血香4-7份、玫瑰花8-13份、大果卫矛10-15份、手掌参15-20份、防风5-8份、天麻7-12份、丝瓜络5-9份;所述外用药物主要由下述重量份的原料制成:白芷6-11份、透骨草8-13份、爬山虎25-30份、地肤子10-15份。
3.如权利要求2所述的治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于所述内服药物由下述重量份的原料制成:川芎12份、红毛七15份、牡丹皮10份、合血香5份、玫瑰花10份、大果卫矛10份、手掌参20份、防风8份、天麻9份、丝瓜络6份;所述外用药物主要由下述优选重量份的原料制成:白芷8份、透骨草12份、爬山虎30份、地肤子12份。
4.如权利要求3所述的治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于所述外用药物还含有6-10份的蜂蜡和50-60份的凡士林。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于所述药物组合物中内服药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:取川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香加入药材重量份3~7倍、浓度为70%的乙醇,加热回流提取2次,每次1.0~1.5小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎成干膏粉,备用;
取玫瑰花、大果卫矛、手掌参、防风、天麻、丝瓜络连同川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香乙醇提取后药渣加入药材重量份6~10倍的水,煎煮提取2次,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.06-1.15(60℃测得),加入乙醇使得含醇量达到40%,静置24h,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,药液浓缩干燥并粉碎成干膏粉,与川芎、红毛七、牡丹皮、合血香的干膏粉混合均匀,即得,本领域技术人员可在该制备方法基础上进一步制备得到本发明所述内服药物。
6.如权利要求1-4任一所述的治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于所述药物组合物中外用药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:将白芷、透骨草、爬山虎、地肤子分别粉碎成平均粒径为40-50μm的颗粒后加入3-7倍量的60%的乙醇水溶液,采用超声波提取,超声波提取完毕,取滤液,减压浓缩并干燥得提取物,粉碎成细粉备用;取蜂蜡水浴融化,加入提取物细粉混合均匀,于50-60℃熬制30~60min,加入凡士林调成软膏,自然冷却至室温,封装,即得,其中,提取条件包括:超声功率为150-160W,提取温度为35-40℃,提取时间为20-40min。
7.如权利要求5所述的治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于所述内服药物优选制成为片剂、胶囊剂或丸剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的治疗原发性三叉神经痛的药物组合物,其特征是在于所述内服药物优选制成为胶囊剂。
9.权利要求1-4任一所述的药物组合物在制备治疗原发性三叉神经痛药物中的用途。
10.权利要求1-4任一所述的药物组合物在制备治疗气滞血瘀型原发性三叉神经痛药物中的用途。
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