CN105795518B - 过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料及其加工方法 - Google Patents

过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料及其加工方法 Download PDF

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CN105795518B
CN105795518B CN201610190173.3A CN201610190173A CN105795518B CN 105795518 B CN105795518 B CN 105795518B CN 201610190173 A CN201610190173 A CN 201610190173A CN 105795518 B CN105795518 B CN 105795518B
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陈昀
张淑洁
曹建华
沈晶晶
曹智祥
司祥平
罗凯
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Nantong Cellulose Fibers Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及本发明涉及一种过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料及其生产方法，以醋酸纤维与聚乳酸纤维为原料，经过梳理、针刺、水刺和热轧加工制成复合醋酸纤维非织造材料，用作香烟过滤烟嘴中滤材，本发明绿色环保，可生物降解，且采用的梳理、针刺、水刺和热轧加工方法制成的非织造材料具有三维立体的过滤空间，与烟气接触的比表面积增加，具有提高了对烟气的过滤效率，达到了降焦减害的目的，同时非织造材料的抗拉强度增强，满足了后续加工成滤棒的强力要求的优点。

Description

过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料及其加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种卷烟滤嘴棒中滤材及其加工方法，具体为一种在卷烟中有过滤烟气作用的复合醋酸纤维非织造材料及其加工方法。
背景技术
卷烟滤嘴棒是卷烟不可或缺的组成部分，滤嘴棒对卷烟的抽吸品质和减害降焦有着显著的影响。在满足烟民生理需要的前提下，降低香烟烟气中有害组分的含量成为烟草行业的主攻课题。目前，国内外使用的烟用滤嘴主要是醋酸纤维滤嘴。醋酸纤维是一种绿色环保的再生纤维素纤维，无毒、无味、耐冲击、耐油、不带静电、吸阻小、吸附力强，且具有很好的弹性和热稳定性，能选择性的吸附烟气中的有害成分，同时又保留一定的烟碱而不失烟草的口味，醋酸纤维滤嘴是现今应用最广泛的过滤烟嘴滤材。但是制造醋酸纤维滤嘴棒，必须将醋酸纤维丝束进行开松，并通过增塑剂的黏粘作用，使之形成密集的网状结构，这种经过开松以后的纤维之间有较大的空隙（参见图1），这种结构没有将醋酸纤维的过滤性能充分的利用，也没有充分发挥滤嘴降焦减害的作用。
醋酸纤维非织造布卷成的过滤烟嘴，纤维之间杂乱排列，形成的纤维三维立体空间，过滤棒中的比表面积大，对烟气的过滤效率显著提高。在《降焦油烟嘴专用醋酸纤维水刺布及其生产方法》（中国专利200610165711.X）专利中将醋酸纤维或者将醋酸纤维与粘胶纤维按一定的配比混合做成水刺非织造布，醋酸纤维做成的水刺非织造布强力较低，在后续的一系列牵伸中容易断裂，很难满足卷制滤嘴棒工序中的拉伸强力的要求，粘胶纤维的主要缺陷是湿强度低，吸湿前后硬度变化太大，这在一定程度上影响非织造材料的过滤性能，过滤效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服以上的不足，提供一种绿色环保纤维，可生物降解，过滤效率大大提高，提高非织造材料强力的过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料及其加工方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：一种过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料，所述过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料由醋酸纤维和聚乳酸纤维混合制成，所述醋酸纤维细度为1.5旦尼尔-3.5旦尼尔，长度为25 mm -60mm，聚乳酸纤维细度为1.5旦尼尔-3.5旦尼尔，长度为30 mm -55mm，所述聚乳酸纤维的质量配比5%-30%，所述醋酸纤维的质量配比为95%-70%。
本发明的进一步改进在于：所述醋酸纤维的横截面为Y型.
一种过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
A、梳理：在梳理阶段采用两道梳理工艺，第一道梳理将要梳理的纤维形成纤维网，然后将两个梳理好的纤维网重叠喂入第二道梳理机；
B、铺网：在铺网阶段采用交叉铺网的方式；
C、预刺：预刺阶段采用一道针刺，以减少水刺时由于牵伸造成的纤维网不均；
D、固网：固网阶段采用两道正反面水刺，喂入速度采用慢速喂入，第二道水刺的压力高于第一道水刺；
E、热轧整理：热轧整理阶段采用正反面两道热轧；
本发明的进一步改进在于：水刺式的喂入速度为8 m/min -12m/min；
本发明的进一步改进在于：水刺时水压为2MPa-5MPa，进行两道正反面水刺，第二道水刺的压力高于第一道水刺20%-25%；
本发明的进一步改进在于：所述热轧整理阶段采用正反面两道热轧，温度设定在120℃-180℃。
本发明解决所述技术问题的技术方案是，进行了醋酸纤维与聚乳酸纤维原料的物理性能设计、复合成网组分设计以及二元三维复合成网工艺的设计。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
醋酸纤维和聚乳酸纤维为绿色环保纤维，可生物降解，且采用的梳理、针刺、水刺和热轧加工方法制成的非织造材料具有三维立体的过滤空间，与烟气接触的比表面积增加，提高了对烟气的过滤效率，达到了降焦减害的目的，另一方面由于醋酸纤维本身的强力较低，做成的非织造布的强力很难满足后续卷制烟嘴的强力要求，而聚乳酸纤维是一种热熔型的纤维，加入这种纤维，进行热轧处理是能起到粘合的作用，使非织造材料的抗拉强度增加，同时材料内部的三维立体结构影响不大，过滤效率会有所提高，满足了后续加工成滤棒的强力要求。
附图说明：
图1为传统醋酸纤维过滤烟嘴的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明用于过滤烟嘴的复合醋酸纤维非织造材料结构示意图；
图3为本发明过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料制造工艺过程示意图；
具体实施方式：
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详述，该实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。
如图2和图3示出了本发明一种过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料的加工方法的实施方式：制备醋酸纤维和聚乳酸纤维混合的非织造材料，其中聚乳酸的配比占10%。该非织造布的克重为75g/m2，厚度为0.30mm；选择的醋酸纤维的细度在3旦，纤维的横截面为Y型，平均长度为38mm；聚乳酸纤维的细度为1.56旦，长度为38mm；将醋酸纤维和聚乳酸纤维按设定的配比进行开松混合，然后在棉型梳理机上进行预梳理，梳理的基本参数设置：给棉罗拉的速度为0.43 r/min；刺辊的速度为578.13 r/min；锡林的速度为555.00 r/min；道夫的速度为7.71 r/min；出网速度为4.07 r/min；然后将纤维网在经过GSA-500梳理机进行固网前的再一次梳理，基本参数设置：喂入2.06 HZ,道夫13.10 HZ,锡林20.14 HZ.采用交叉铺网的方式，进入针刺机进行预针刺，然后经过水刺系统，水刺时第一道水压控制在5MPa，第两道水刺水压为6.5MPa，生产速度为8m/min；将经过水刺的混合非织造材料进行烘燥，然后进行热轧整理，热轧的温度在165℃，即得本发明所述的过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料。
所得复合醋酸纤维非织造材料的外观均匀度好，厚度一致，对其进行拉伸性能、透气性能、过滤效率、过滤阻力、容尘量、孔径大小与分布的一系列测试，测试结果良好，满足过滤烟嘴用过滤材料的预期效果。
测试结果如下：
样品 厚度（mm） 克重(g/m<sup>2</sup>) 透气性(L/(m<sup>2</sup>·s)) 过滤效率(%) 横向强力(N) 纵向强力(N)
CA/PLA(38)(9/1)水刺热轧 0.370 90.385 1225.8 44.2 60 32.2
过滤阻力测试
风速(m/h) 过滤阻力(pa)
0.8 2
2.19 4
3.69 7
5.08 10
6.58 13
7.97 17
由以上数据可以看出，本发明透气性很好，过滤效率也较好，拉伸强力也能满足后续加工的拉伸要求，在风速在0.8-7.97范围内，过滤阻力较小，这也是抽吸是的吸阻很小，满足卷烟用材料的要求。
工作原理：过滤烟气的机理主要包括对烟气粒子的直接拦截、惯性碰撞和扩散沉积的物理过滤，其中直接拦截机理最普遍，醋酸纤维非织造布卷成的过滤烟嘴，纤维之间杂乱排列，形成立体的三维空间，过滤棒中的比表面积大，与烟气接触的几率越大，从而过滤效率越高。
申请人又一声明，本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的实现方法及装置结构，但本发明并不局限于上述实施方式，即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述方法及结构才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，对本发明的任何改进，对本发明所选用实现方法等效替换及步骤的添加、具体方式的选择等，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开的范围之内。
本发明并不限于上述实施方式，凡采用和本发明相似结构及其方法来实现本发明目的的所有方式，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料的加工方法，所述过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料由醋酸纤维和聚乳酸纤维混合制成，所述醋酸纤维细度为1.5旦尼尔-3.5旦尼尔，长度为25 mm -60mm，聚乳酸纤维细度为1.5旦-3.5旦，长度为30 mm -55mm；所述聚乳酸纤维的质量配比5%-30%，所述醋酸纤维的质量配比为95%-70%；所述醋酸纤维的横截面为Y型，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
A、梳理：在梳理阶段采用两道梳理工艺，第一道梳理将要梳理的纤维形成纤维网，然后将两个梳理好的纤维网重叠喂入第二道梳理机；
B、铺网：在铺网阶段采用交叉铺网的方式；
C、预刺：预刺阶段采用一道针刺，以减少水刺时由于牵伸造成的纤维网不均；
D、固网：固网阶段采用两道正反面水刺，喂入速度采用慢速喂入，第二道水刺的压力高于第一道水刺；
E、热轧整理：热轧整理阶段采用正反面两道热轧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料的加工方法，其特征在于：水刺式的喂入速度为8 m/min -12m/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料的加工方法，其特征在于：水刺时水压为2MPa-5MPa，进行两道正反面水刺，第二道水刺的压力高于第一道水刺20%-25%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种过滤烟嘴用复合醋酸纤维非织造材料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述热轧整理阶段采用正反面两道热轧，温度设定在120℃-180℃。
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