CN105783838A - Frozen soil depth sensor - Google Patents
Frozen soil depth sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105783838A CN105783838A CN201610230819.6A CN201610230819A CN105783838A CN 105783838 A CN105783838 A CN 105783838A CN 201610230819 A CN201610230819 A CN 201610230819A CN 105783838 A CN105783838 A CN 105783838A
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- temperature
- controller
- sampler
- circuit
- protection pipe
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/18—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring depth
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/10—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature within piled or stacked materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K2203/00—Application of thermometers in cryogenics
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a frozen soil depth sensor. The frozen soil depth sensor comprises a controller, a temperature acquisition device, a protective tube, a waterproof sealed box, an encapsulating material and a control cable, wherein the controller is installed in the waterproof sealed box; the waterproof sealed box is fixedly arranged at one end of the protective tube; the temperature acquisition device is integrally encapsulated in a groove at one side of the protective tube through the encapsulating material, the other end of the protective tube is embedded into soil, the temperature acquisition device and the protective tube are embedded into the measured soil together; and the control cable is connected between the controller and the temperature acquisition device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to frozen soil fields of measurement, in particular to a kind of frost penetration sensor.
Background technology
Frozen soil measurement is the primary demand of Frozen Ground Area production and construction, is indispensable in the field such as research and frozen soil meteorological disaster early warning of Climate and Environment Variation.The method of current measuring frozen has methods such as reaching the measurement of mud woods frozen soil, directly measurement, the measurement of remote sensing method, automatic measurement.
Reach the mud woods method measuring frozen degree of depth such as to be poured in rubber leather hose the depth of freezing of water to record frost penetration.This method is comparatively original, due to quality and the complicated component of aqueous solution of soil, density unevenness, pressure not equal factor make frozen soil freeze with pure water to freeze situation different, the method of this measuring frozen not science, and soil frozen depth can not be monitored in real time.The structure of design is simple and crude, easily damaged.
Direct measuring method is as manually digged pit or getting into the cave, and this method is comparatively original, it is necessary to put into substantial amounts of man power and material.The shortcoming of this method is observation inconvenience, and packing density is inadequate, it is impossible to monitor frost penetration in real time.
What remote sensing method measuring method can only obtain the soil of shallow layer surface freezes situation, and in the northern area of China, frozen soil layer is thicker, uses the remote sensing method can not the degree of depth of accurate measuring frozen.Shortcoming is apparent.
Along with automatic meteorological stands in the extensively universal of weather station, the whole nation, a lot of observation projects have be carried out automatic Observation, but frozen soil observation is never well improved.The requirement of frozen soil automatic measurement cannot be met, until the method to serve automatic measuring frozen in 2013 starts to rise.
Moisture and the temperature parameter of frozen soil and non-frozen soil have certain difference, and difference is numerically more apparent.The new method of a lot of automatic measurement frozen soil is gone out according to this characteristics design.The method of current automatic measurement frozen soil mainly has: capacitance method, electric-resistivity method, ray method, remote sensing method etc..Wherein ray method and infrared method cost are high, not easily promote.And capacitance method and resistance measurement frost penetration are relatively conventional, capacitance method and its principle of electric-resistivity method are to measure the dielectric constant of soil, the change of soil moisture content changes mainly due to dielectric constant and causes, and when in soil, water becomes ice crystal, significant change can occur dielectric constant.Measure with this.This method needs to do mass data and tests for demarcating, and workload is huge, and capacitor plate is subject to the impact of rising-heat contracting-cold to deform, and also containing a large amount of metallic ores, the electric field of electric capacity being disturbed in soil also to affect measurement result.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of frost penetration sensor, in order to overcome at least one problem existed in prior art.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of frost penetration sensor, including: controller, Temperature sampler, protection pipe, waterproof sealing box, Embedding Material and control cable, wherein said controller is arranged in described waterproof sealing box；Described waterproof sealing box is fixedly installed on described protection pipe one end；Described Temperature sampler is potted in the groove of described protection pipe side by Embedding Material entirety, and during the other end of described protection pipe is placed into the soil, described Temperature sampler is embedded in tested soil together with described protection pipe；Described control cable is connected between described controller and described Temperature sampler.
Further, the classification of waterproof of described waterproof sealing box is IP65.
Further, described controller is connected by temperature acquisition interface with described Temperature sampler, and described temperature acquisition interface comprises spi bus, temperature sensor timesharing measuring control signal and power supply.
Further, described Temperature sampler is made up of polylith temperature collection circuit plate concatenation.
Further, every block of described temperature collection circuit plate includes Temperature sampler interface circuit, bus driver ability intensifier circuit, temperature sensor timesharing circuit of measurement and control and 8 temperature sensors, the cascade for realizing being connected with described controller and between temperature collection circuit plate of the described Temperature sampler interface circuit；Described bus driver ability intensifier circuit is used for strengthening spi bus driving force, it is achieved simultaneously drive 200 nodes；Described temperature sensor timesharing circuit of measurement and control is for selecting to read the data of certain temperature sensor；Described temperature sensor is for measuring the temperature value of position.
Further, described controller adopts the STM32F103 of ST Microelectronics.
Through test, the frozen soil sensor construction of the present invention is simple, with low cost, it is easy to accomplish, operable by force.Substantially increase the precision of frozen soil detection.And use the frozen soil sensor long service life of this structure, it is not subject to seasonal restrictions, is especially suitable for field usage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the premise not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b figure are front view and the side view of the frost penetration sensor of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the frost penetration sensor of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the controller architecture schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the Temperature sampler structural representation of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the protection pipe profile of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the temperature acquisition board schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b are the bus driver ability intensifier circuit schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 c, Fig. 7 d are the temperature acquisition interface circuit schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 e is the temperature sensor timesharing circuit of measurement and control schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 f is the circuit diagram of the fan-out capability for improving ADT7310 data-out port of one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not paying creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b figure are front view and the side view of the frost penetration sensor of one embodiment of the invention；Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the frost penetration sensor of one embodiment of the invention；As shown in the figure; A is soil, and B is ground surface, and frost penetration sensor is the automatic measurer for the frozen soil layer degree of depth; including: controller 2, Temperature sampler 6, protection pipe 3, waterproof sealing box 1, Embedding Material 5 and control cable 4, its middle controller 2 is arranged in waterproof sealing box 1；Waterproof sealing box 1 is fixedly installed on protection pipe 3 one end；During the other end of protection pipe 3 is placed into the soil；Temperature sampler 6 is potted in the groove of protection pipe 3 side by Embedding Material entirety, and Temperature sampler 6 is embedded in tested soil together with protection pipe 3；Control cable 4 to be connected between controller 2 and Temperature sampler 6.In Fig. 2, external equipment 201 is connected with controller 2, controller 2 includes RS-485 interface 202, processor 203 (can preferably high-performance low-power-consumption processor), power module the 204, first temperature acquisition interface 205, it is natural number that Temperature sampler 6 includes the second temperature acquisition interface 206 and the 1st the temperature collection circuit plate 207 being connected with the second temperature acquisition interface 206, the 2nd temperature collection circuit plate 208 ..., the n-th temperature collection circuit plate 209 and (n+1)th temperature collection circuit plate 210, n.
Owing to the condition of infield limits (field, high and cold); all employings technical grade temperature standard (-40 DEG C～85 DEG C) of all components and parts; box body and protection pipe more than classification of waterproof IP65, according to there being huge fathom (the present embodiment fathoms) for 2 meters.
Hereinafter each parts of frost penetration sensor are described in detail.
(1) controller
Controller provides power supply for Temperature sampler, and being read out and processing the temperature data of Temperature sampler collection, and with the data communication of external equipment.Controller is arranged in the seal box of classification of waterproof IP65.
CPU selects the STM32F103 of ST Microelectronics as processor.STM32 series is based on aiming at the custom-designed ARMCortex-M3 kernel of Embedded Application requiring high-performance, low-power consumption.Therefore the data of controller process very powerful with ability to communicate.
Controller adopts DC12V power voltage supply.Power module adopts LM2576 series to be the 3A electric current output buck switching mode integrated regulator that National Semiconductor produces, and efficiently, stablizes.
RS-485 interface, as the communication interface of controller Yu peripheral hardware, adopts ModBus standard agreement.
Controller is connected by temperature acquisition interface with Temperature sampler, and interface comprises spi bus, temperature sensor timesharing measuring control signal and power supply.
(2) Temperature sampler
Temperature sampler is for the collection for temperature data, internal with 200 temperature points, (more collecting circuit board can be concatenated according to demand and complete deeper of temperature acquisition) is constituted by 25 pieces of collecting circuit board concatenations, high density can be completed measure, to ensure Temperature sampler certainty of measurement.Owing to using the restriction of environment, Temperature sampler is potted in protection pipe.Its mounting means adopts buried, is perpendicular to during ground surface together places into the soil by protection pipe together with Temperature sampler.The selection of the degree of depth is the weather conditions according to tested place, imbeds respective depth.
In one embodiment; protection pipe adopts the epoxy resin rod of long 2200mm, wide 40mm, high 40mm; one side surface digs out the Baltimore groove of long 2000mm, wide 30mm, deep 30mm, and Temperature sampler is potted in Baltimore groove by epoxy resin filling thing and silicon rubber filling thing.
Temperature sampler is made up of 25 pieces of collecting circuit board cascades, is connected by silicone rubber winding displacement between two pieces of collecting circuit boards.Every piece of collecting circuit board is evenly distributed 8 temperature sensors with 1cm for spacing.
Collecting circuit board is made up of Temperature sampler interface circuit, bus driver ability intensifier circuit, temperature sensor timesharing circuit of measurement and control and 8 temperature sensors.The cascade for being connected with controller and between collecting circuit board of the harvester interface circuit.The effect of bus driver ability intensifier circuit is to strengthen spi bus driving force, it is achieved simultaneously drive 200 nodes.The effect of temperature sensor timesharing circuit of measurement and control is the data selecting to read which temperature sensor.Temperature sensor is owing to detecting the temperature value of temperature sensor position.
Fig. 5 is the protection pipe profile of one embodiment of the invention；Fig. 6 is the temperature acquisition board schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b are the bus driver ability intensifier circuit schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；Fig. 7 c, Fig. 7 d are the temperature acquisition interface circuit schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；Fig. 7 e is the temperature sensor timesharing circuit of measurement and control schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；Fig. 7 f is the circuit diagram of the fan-out capability for improving ADT7310 data-out port of one embodiment of the invention.In Fig. 5, the unit of length is millimeter；In Fig. 6,601 is temperature sensor, and 602 is silicone rubber winding displacement, and 603 is collecting circuit board.
It is further described the present invention below from measuring principle angle.
The measuring principle of frost penetration sensor is the numerical value of the temperature sensor that controller is successively read on Temperature sampler and is saved in internal register.Register data in external equipment Read Controller, according to the data obtained, searches 0 DEG C of temperature below sensor number of measurement data, converses frost penetration according to temperature sensor numbering.
(1) controller
Its working method is that controller circulates the data reading internal 200 temperature sensors of Temperature sampler with the temporal frequency of 1s, and save the data in CPU internal register, when external equipment needs reading temperature data, the data of corresponding registers only need to be read.
Being sent measurement instruction according to master slave system by peripheral hardware, measurement restarted by controller, and when temperature sensor quantity is more, controller collection one is taken turns temperature data and taken longer, and the peripheral hardware waiting time is long.The benefit of this working method is, it is ensured that the real-time of data and can quickly read data.
Temperature sampler is made up of 200 temperature sensors, and maximum measuring depth is up to 2m.
(2) Temperature sampler
The design philosophy of Temperature sampler is utilize the numeric type temperature sensor with spi bus to form one to be similar to the scale that can read temperature.SPI is the abbreviation of Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (SerialPeripheralInterface).Spi bus is a kind of high speed, full duplex, the communication bus of synchronization, it is possible to achieve be that a main equipment (CPU) connects multiple purpose from equipment (temperature sensor).Numeric type temperature sensor configuration is flexible, stable, capacity of resisting disturbance strong, and data acquisition accuracy is high, meets high standard data monitoring requirement.
Due to climate reasons, frost penetration has huge difference, and the frost penetration in some place is shallower, and the frost penetration in some place is relatively deep, and the Temperature sampler of uniform length cannot meet the demand of all users.In order to meet all customer demands, Temperature sampler adopts circuit board cascade mounting design pattern.Namely Temperature sampler is made up of some collecting circuit board cascades, and the advantage of this design is the length (measure dot number) that user can suitably select Temperature sampler according to the meteorological condition in tested place.When burying Temperature sampler underground, extremely facilitate user construct and install, reduce work on the spot amount.
The maximum design bright spot of Temperature sampler is in that to efficiently solve the timesharing of big measurement point (temperature sensor number) and measures and control.Timesharing is measured and is controlled to be meant that to need one by one temperature sensor to be carried out the reading of data when coding, and now, it would be desirable to have a signal to tell the CPU hanging in bus, these data are which chip transmits.
Temperature acquisition sensor adopts double; two spi bus, the mode organizing temperature sensor cascade to constitute more.Article 1, spi bus is used for the temperature acquisition order of each temperature sensor ADT7310 and the transmission of temperature value, the enable signal that another spi bus completes to be positioned at temperature sensor on Article 1 spi bus in conjunction with 74HC595 and peripheral circuit controls, being positioned on a spi bus thus reaching 200 temperature sensors, at a time only one of which is enabled and carries out communication with single-chip microcomputer and complete the purpose of temperature acquisition.So design have the advantages of three: the first, the collection of temperature sensor is counted and can be expanded, when power supply line enough thick (ensureing that line resistance is only small), it is possible to infinite stages expands；The second, only the temperature acquisition of a large amount of temperature spot is completed by 7 signal line；3rd, this method for designing is adopted, the ID self-assembling formation of each point, it is not necessary to deliberately arrange, what the 74HC595 of the position of the SPI at each temperature sensor place sent enables the ID that signal is exactly this temperature acquisition point, this ID by circuit self-assembling formation without configuration, therefore abbreviation use loaded down with trivial details degree significantly.
In Fig. 7 a-Fig. 7 f, serial chip select data are converted to parallel output by U27 (74HC595), and the enable pin of corresponding corresponding temperature sensor chip ADT7310, selects thus completing the uniqueness to all the sensors chip synchronization respectively.
U25, U26 (74HC3G34) are for strengthening SPI signal.Owing to this product circuit structure is cascade mode, so circuit is longer, U25, U26 is therefore adopted every 8 temperature acquisition points, SPI signal to be strengthened.
U9 (1G125), for improving the fan-out capability of ADT7310 data-out port, owing to this product circuit structure is cascade mode, so circuit is longer, therefore adopts U9 (1G125) every 8 temperature acquisition points, temperature signal to be strengthened.In order to prevent the impact on data signal at the corresponding levels of the data signal of the sensor module of rear class, 1G125 and 9 1N4148 (D2～D10) are adopted to complete.The each corresponding temperature sensor at the corresponding levels of D2～D9 enables signal, if one of them signal of a module is enabled, then the 1G125 of this module is enabled, this enable signal is transmitted to the module before it by D10, make before it until the 1G125 of single-chip microcomputer pin all opens enable, the 1G125 of this module module below is all disabling high-impedance state, it is prevented that data/address bus is affected.
(3) protection pipe
Section of structure according to protection pipe; pipe shell material is protected to be the material that heat conductivity is relatively low shown in figure; if using the material (such as metal material) that heat conductivity is high as protection pipe; heat transfer process due to material; so protection pipe can make each point temperature of measurement tend to equalization, affects measurement result.
Epoxy resin has physical strength height, corrosion-resistant, and insulativity is high, and the feature that heat conductivity is low thus avoids and corroded by the material in soil.Silicone rubber has excellent electrical insulation capability, sealing property and ageing-resistant performance.The surface of silicone rubber can be less than most of organic materials, has agent of low hygroscopicity, does not bond with many materials, and filled silicon rubber makes circuit board be isolated from the outside.
Through test, this novel frozen soil sensor construction is simple, with low cost, it is easy to accomplish, operable by force.Substantially increase the precision of frozen soil detection.And use the frozen soil sensor long service life of this structure, it is not subject to seasonal restrictions, is especially suitable for field usage.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of an embodiment, module or flow process in accompanying drawing are not necessarily implemented necessary to the present invention.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the module in device in embodiment can describe in the device being distributed in embodiment according to embodiment, it is also possible to carries out respective change and is disposed other than in one or more devices of the present embodiment.The module of above-described embodiment can merge into a module, it is also possible to is further split into multiple submodule.
Last it is noted that above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, it is not intended to limit；Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that: the technical scheme described in previous embodiment still can be modified by it, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent replacement；And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (6)
1. a frost penetration sensor, it is characterised in that including: controller, Temperature sampler, protection pipe, waterproof sealing box, Embedding Material and control cable, wherein said controller is arranged in described waterproof sealing box；Described waterproof sealing box is fixedly installed on described protection pipe one end；Described Temperature sampler is potted in the groove of described protection pipe side by Embedding Material entirety, and during the other end of described protection pipe is placed into the soil, described Temperature sampler is embedded in tested soil together with described protection pipe；Described control cable is connected between described controller and described Temperature sampler.
2. frost penetration sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the classification of waterproof of described waterproof sealing box is IP65.
3. frost penetration sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described controller is connected by temperature acquisition interface with described Temperature sampler, described temperature acquisition interface comprises spi bus, temperature sensor timesharing measuring control signal and power supply.
4. frost penetration sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Temperature sampler is made up of polylith temperature collection circuit plate concatenation.
5. frost penetration sensor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, every block of described temperature collection circuit plate includes Temperature sampler interface circuit, bus driver ability intensifier circuit, temperature sensor timesharing circuit of measurement and control and 8 temperature sensors, the cascade for realizing being connected with described controller and between temperature collection circuit plate of the described Temperature sampler interface circuit；Described bus driver ability intensifier circuit is used for strengthening spi bus driving force, it is achieved simultaneously drive 200 nodes；Described temperature sensor timesharing circuit of measurement and control is for selecting to read the data of certain temperature sensor；Described temperature sensor is for measuring the temperature value of position.
6. frost penetration sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described controller adopts the STM32F103 of ST Microelectronics.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610230819.6A CN105783838A (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2016-04-14 | Frozen soil depth sensor |
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| CN201610230819.6A CN105783838A (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2016-04-14 | Frozen soil depth sensor |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106843057A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | 黎川县东鑫实业有限公司 | Edible fungi bag data collector and multipath environment data collecting system |
| CN107144593A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-08 | 北京路桥通国际工程咨询有限公司 | Freeze deep detector and detection method in tunnel in cold area hole |
| CN107917690A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-04-17 | 河北科技大学 | Frost penetration measuring device based on pressure sensor |
| CN108896208A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-27 | 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心 | A kind of permafrost region ground temperature measurement system and method |
| CN109208565A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-15 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of shallow earth's surface frozen soil multi-parameter device for fast detecting and its detection method |
| CN109580609A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-05 | 河南中原光电测控技术有限公司 | A kind of frozen soil observation method and device based on colorimetric method |
| CN111855014A (en) * | 2020-06-21 | 2020-10-30 | 河北省地质环境监测院 | Portable automatic measuring instrument and method for underground water temperature |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106843057A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | 黎川县东鑫实业有限公司 | Edible fungi bag data collector and multipath environment data collecting system |
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| CN107144593B (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-09-08 | 北京路桥通国际工程咨询有限公司 | Detector and detection method for freezing depth in tunnel in cold region |
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| CN109208565B (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2023-12-08 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Multi-parameter rapid detection device and detection method for shallow surface frozen soil |
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| CN108896208A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-27 | 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心 | A kind of permafrost region ground temperature measurement system and method |
| CN109580609A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-05 | 河南中原光电测控技术有限公司 | A kind of frozen soil observation method and device based on colorimetric method |
| CN111855014A (en) * | 2020-06-21 | 2020-10-30 | 河北省地质环境监测院 | Portable automatic measuring instrument and method for underground water temperature |
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Application publication date: 20160720 |