CN102607498B - Frozen soil and dry soil layer measuring transducer - Google Patents
Frozen soil and dry soil layer measuring transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102607498B CN102607498B CN201210054137.6A CN201210054137A CN102607498B CN 102607498 B CN102607498 B CN 102607498B CN 201210054137 A CN201210054137 A CN 201210054137A CN 102607498 B CN102607498 B CN 102607498B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frozen soil and dry soil layer measuring transducer. The transducer comprises a control processing unit, a frequency collection unit, and a temperature collection unit, wherein the control processing unit is used for data calculation, communication, time-sharing collection control and collection unit time-sharing power supply; the frequency collection unit is used for receiving the control signal of the control processing unit, and carrying out time-sharing collection on a frequency signal; the temperature collection unit is used for receiving the control signal of the control processing unit and carrying out temperature collection; and the control processing unit is connected with a collector through electric supply lines and communication lines. The transducer is an intelligent automotive observation apparatus which integrates data collection, processing and transmission into a whole. A high-frequency capacitance measurement technology is adopted to accurately detect moisture of different soils, the resolution can achieve 0.1%, an error is +/- 2.5%, the measuring temperature range is -55 DEG C- + 85 DEG C, and the measuring accuracy is +/- 0.5 DEG C. A flexible circuit board is adopted on the structure, the vertical measuring resolution is improved to 2.5 cm, the repeatability error is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the measuring conformance error of any two transducers is less than or equal to 1%. The instrument can continuously, uninterruptedly and real-time collect the data, and has the advantages which cannot be compared by the manual observation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sensor that a kind of instrument, particularly a kind of frozen soil for frozen soil and dry ground layer automatic Observation and dry ground layer are measured.
Background technology
Both at home and abroad, in meteorological observation, the conventional method of traditional measuring frozen degree of depth is to fill distilled water, sealed at both ends plastic pipe, vertically be placed in the copper pipe being buried in the earth, according to the situation of freezing of water, judge the frozen soil degree of depth, the method is actually the position of 0 ℃ of ground temperature of observation, position that can not Measurement accuracy frozen soil.Because the composition of the soil texture, aqueous solution and concentration and external condition are as the difference of pressure, it is not identical that it freezes (freezing point) temperature, therefore the observation frozen soil degree of depth of the method science not, and when frozen soil layer is darker, observation is inconvenient, workload large, take time and effort, and measurement data density is inadequate, can not the Real-Time Monitoring frozen soil degree of depth and development and change situation thereof.And the observation of dry ground layer relies on range estimation completely, poor without quantification standard, objectivity.
The mode of satellite remote sensing also can be carried out certain monitoring to frozen soil and dry ground layer, but is only applicable to large-scale monitoring, can't be to the monitoring that becomes more meticulous of the frozen soil degree of depth and drought pattern.Automatic monitoring equipment for frozen soil and dry ground layer also belongs to blank substantially at present.
The judgement of the frozen soil degree of depth and drought pattern need to be determined the soil moisture and soil moisture content.At present, the sensor of automatically measuring soil moisture mostly adopts the buried or copper ring cannula type of contact pin in structural manufacturing process, although the buried sensor of contact pin can with soil close contact, but, its installation and maintenance are difficulty especially, during installation, need to first dig a section dell, and workload is very large.In addition, once sensor goes wrong, just sensor need to be dug out, reinstall, but also the process of soil natural sedimentation of needs and instrument stabilizer, so spread difficulty is larger.First copper ring cannula type sensor uses special installation tool under the prerequisite of spoiled soil structure not, protecting tube to be driven underground in soil, copper ring installation of sensors is in protecting tube, but the problem due to machining and structural design, the sensing part of sensor is difficult to close contact with protection tube wall, can affect measuring accuracy, vertical resolution is also lower.And automatically gentle soil moisture observation is separated conventionally, can not the automatic acquisition frozen soil degree of depth and drought pattern.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve that the principle that frozen soil and dry ground layer artificial observation exist is not objective, observation is inconvenient, workload is large, vertical resolution is low, packing density is inadequate, measuring accuracy is low; automatic Observation and analyze the frozen soil degree of depth and the drought pattern technical matters such as development law in time, provides a kind of frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor that agricultural production management, environmental protection, transport development, climate change research etc. provide objective automatic Observation data that can be in real time.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
This frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor comprise:
Controlled processing unit, controls for calculating, communication, time-sharing acquisition, the collecting unit time sharing power supply of data, by supply lines and connection, is connected with collector;
Frequency collection unit, the control signal of reception controlled processing unit, carries out frequency signal acquisition time;
Temperature collecting cell, the control signal of reception controlled processing unit, carries out temperature acquisition.
Described controlled processing unit comprises microprocessor CPU, socket, multicore cable terminal and power conversion unit; Described microprocessor CPU has a plurality of IO interfaces and connects described multicore cable terminal; Described socket is power supply and the connection that multi-core socket connects collector; Described multicore cable terminal comprises a plurality of power supply terminals, a plurality of switch controlling signal terminals and frequency signal terminal and temperature signal terminal, and this multicore cable terminal is distinguished rate of connections collecting unit and temperature collecting cell by winding displacement; Described power conversion unit converts the supply voltage of inputting by socket to system required voltage; Described a plurality of power supply terminal is respectively the multi-way switch of frequency collection unit and powers, is the temperature sensor power supply of temperature collecting cell; Described a plurality of switch controlling signal Terminal control multi-channel electronic switch, realizes the time sharing power supply to frequency collection circuit; The temperature signal that the frequency signal that described frequency signal terminal and temperature signal terminal collect many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit and a plurality of temperature sensor collect converges to respectively a frequency signal line and a temperature signal line, is sent to controlled processing unit and processes calculating.
Described frequency collection unit comprises multi-channel electronic switch, multicore cable terminal and many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit; Described multicore cable terminal utilizes winding displacement to be connected with the multicore cable terminal of controlled processing unit; In multicore cable terminal, corresponding power supply terminal is multi-channel electronic switch power supply, the selection input end of corresponding power supply terminal access multi-channel electronic switch; Described controlled processing unit is by the control signal on the switch control terminal of its multicore cable terminal of control, realize the power supply of access multi-channel electronic switch input end from a plurality of output terminal timesharing outputs of multi-channel electronic switch, for many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit provides time sharing power supply and control; The frequency output signal of described many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit converges to the frequency signal terminal of frequency collection unit multicore cable terminal, is finally sent to controlled processing unit.
As the further improved plan of said frequencies collecting unit, group more than described frequency collection unit also comprises connects on temperature collecting cells covers the electric capacity contact of copper, the temperature signal output contact of a plurality of connection temperature collecting cell respective temperature sensor supplies electric contact with one group that is connected temperature collecting cell.
Said frequencies Acquisition Circuit comprises power conversion unit G1, LC oscillatory circuit Z1 and frequency dividing circuit D, described power conversion unit G1 is by described controlled processing unit supply power V1 before frequency acquisition, and the power supply V1 of time sharing power supply is changed, the voltage VCC1 after conversion gives respectively LC oscillatory circuit Z1 and frequency dividing circuit D power supply; Described LC oscillatory circuit Z1 by capacitor C with after inductance L parallel connection, be connected resonant circuit Y1 and form, the frequency signal of this LC oscillatory circuit Z1 generated frequency output signal F1 after frequency dividing circuit D frequency division, the frequency output signal of many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit exports the frequency signal terminal of the multicore cable terminal of described frequency collection unit to, is sent to controlled processing unit and carries out frequency processing calculating.
Capacitor C in described LC oscillatory circuit Z1 is covered copper by the correspondence of the electric capacity contact connection temperature collecting cell of the set correspondence of this LC oscillatory circuit Z1 and is formed.
Described temperature collecting cell comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and one group of confession electric contact, each temperature sensor is collecting temperature signal respectively, by corresponding temperature signal contact, converge and be sent to the temperature signal terminal of described controlled processing unit, or the temperature signal terminal that converges to the multicore cable terminal of described frequency collection unit is also finally sent to controlled processing unit, by controlled processing unit, carries out processes temperature signal calculating; The described electric contact that supplies connects the corresponding power supply terminal of cable terminal of described controlled processing unit, or connects power supply terminal corresponding to described frequency collection unit, is temperature sensor power supply.
As the further improved plan of said temperature collecting unit, described temperature collecting cell also comprises equally spaced copper and the corresponding electric capacity contact of covering of many groups; The equally spaced corresponding electric capacity contact that covers copper and corresponding capacitance contact rate of connections collecting unit of described many groups, every two equally spacedly cover the capacitor C that copper forms the LC oscillatory circuit Z1 of described frequency collection circuit.
This frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor actual fabrication, that described controlled processing unit is connected with frequency collection unit by polycore cable, frequency collection unit is connected with temperature collecting cell by corresponding contact, frequency collection unit adopts hard circuit board, be fixed on a flat special-shaped groove, whole special-shaped groove is insulated foamed material parcel, temperature collecting cell adopts flexible PCB, it is outside that this flexible PCB is wrapped in insulating foams material again, whole with means of heat-shrinkable film parcel pyrocondensation sizing, during installation, whole sensor is loaded in PVC protection tube, depending on requiring vertical insertion in soil, use.
Whole frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor are based on condenser type soil moisture measurement technology and semiconductor thermometry, in structure, adopt flexible PCB technique, Soil moisture and temperature is measured sensing element integrated design to flexible PCB, make itself and tube wall close contact, reduce the measuring error causing because of machining problem.Data acquisition unit is based on embedded microprocessor technical design, realization is to the data sampling of each layer of sensor, remote command control, data computing, quality control, communication and transmission, and by mass storage expansion technique, realize storage and the transmission of data recording.
The measurement of soil water content is that soil serves as dielectric based on capacitive transducer principle of work, and soil moisture content changes can be converted to electric capacitance change.We are considered as soil to be become by air, water or ice and solid-state local soil type, and wherein, the dielectric coefficient of air is about 1, and the dielectric coefficient of water is about 80, ice be about 3～4, solid-state soil is about 3～8.Because the variation of electric capacity can be subject to the impact of dielectric coefficient, between part water and ice, undergo phase transition, the dielectric coefficient of soil changes, and causes the change of the value of soil total capacitance.Soil moisture measurement sensing element mainly forms an electric capacity by pair of electrodes, and electric capacity and fixed inductance form an oscillatory circuit, and oscillatory circuit frequency of operation changes with the variation of soil electric capacity.Therefore, when the water in soil becomes ice crystal, there is obvious variation in its dielectric coefficient, and the moisture value that sensing element records can obviously decline; And when temperature rising, when frozen soil thaws, ice-out Cheng Shui, dielectric coefficient changes, and moisture value can obviously rise.
According to the frozen soil degree of depth of setting up and drought pattern, judge mathematical model, judge that frozen soil and dry ground layer need to determine freezing temperature, soil moisture content, the ground temperature of soil, freeze (thawing) cycle T and empirical constant C, wherein soil moisture content, ground temperature are realized by Soil moisture and temperature sensor measurement; The freezing temperature of soil, freeze (thawing) cycle T and empirical constant C and by soil types, freeze attribute testing and research and analyse definite.
Frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor are the intelligent automatic Observation equipment that collects data sampling and processing, is transmitted in one.In order to reduce measuring error, the flexible PCB adopting in structural manufacturing process is to take polyimide or mylar a kind ofly to have height reliability, an excellent flexual printed circuit board (PCB) as what base material was made, has that distribution density is high, lightweight, the feature of thin thickness.Sensing element is designed on flexible PCB, when installation of sensors is to after in pipe, flexible PCB by self tension force can with tube wall close contact, avoided the sensor error that the past causes due to the problem of machining.
The application of this sensor in frozen soil and dry ground layer measurement practice can obtain following actual beneficial effect:
(1) adopt high frequency capacitance measuring technique, accurately detect different soil moisture, guaranteed true, the accuracy of signal.The soil moisture resolution of sensor measurement reaches 0.1%, error ± 2.5%(laboratory).
(2) adopt high-performance, high precision embedded microprocessor technology, complete the computing of frequency signal, guarantee the computational accuracy of various measurement data.
(3) adopt semiconductor digital temperature sensor technology, measure temperature range-55 ℃～+ 85 ℃, measuring accuracy ± 0.5 ℃.
(4) communicating by letter between sensor and collector adopts RS485 bussing technique, and not only extendability is strong, and has strengthened especially anti-lightning strike design, has guaranteed the reliability of detection system steady operation and data transmission.
(5) between collector and data center server, adopt GPRS radio communication, dirigibility is strong, and communication distance is far away, easy for installation, has reduced wiring cost and workload.
(6) instrument continuously, uninterrupted, real-time data collection, have the incomparable advantage of artificial observation.
(7) instrument adopts modular design, sets up arbitrarily, facilitates installation and maintenance, increases dirigibility, and the detector measurement degree of depth can fathom and can be 40cm multiple according to the Location of requirement in different user or area, but≤320cm.
(8) adopt flexible PCB, improved vertical survey resolution, reduced sensor measurement error, vertical survey resolution can reach 2.5cm, reproducibility error≤0.5%, conformity error≤1% of any two sensor measurements.
(9) this instrument can be used as the equipment that frozen soil and drought pattern are measured, water cut or each layer of soil moisture of independent measurement that also can independent measurement soil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor theory diagram;
Fig. 2 is frozen soil and dry ground layer automatic observer structural representation;
Fig. 3 is controlled processing unit block diagram;
Fig. 4 is frequency collection unit block diagram;
Fig. 5 is frequency collection circuit block diagram;
Fig. 6 is frequency collection circuit theory diagrams
Fig. 7 is temperature collecting cell block diagram;
Fig. 8 is the mathematical model of soil moisture, ground temperature inverting frozen soil and drought pattern.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1, this frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor, be comprised of controlled processing unit, frequency collection unit, temperature collecting cell three parts.Controlled processing unit, realizes control, communication, data processing calculating, is connected by supply lines and connection with collector; The collection of frequency signal is realized in frequency collection unit, accept control and the power supply signal of controlled processing unit, control No. 8 electronic switches of two cascades, the time sharing power supply of realization to 16 class frequency Acquisition Circuit, frequency collection circuit, by the frequency signal collecting, is sent to controlled processing unit by frequency signal line and carries out frequency processing calculating; Temperature collecting cell, accepts the electricity supply and control signal of controlled processing unit, and 16 temperature sensors are powered, and by temperature signal line, temperature signal is sent to controlled processing unit and carries out Temperature Treatment calculating.Temperature collecting cell also can be accepted by frequency collection unit the electricity supply and control signal of controlled processing unit, 16 temperature sensors are powered, and the temperature signal line by frequency collection unit is sent to controlled processing unit by temperature signal and carries out Temperature Treatment calculating.
Shown in Fig. 2, whole frozen soil and dry ground are surveyed visualizer, frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor, collector and server, consist of.Frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor are sent to collector by the frequency signal collecting and temperature signal by RS485 bus, and collector, by mode wired or GPRS radio communication, is sent to server by data, finally realizes the observation of frozen soil and dry ground layer.
Shown in Fig. 3, controlled processing unit comprises 14 core socket, 1 flush bonding processor, 1 10 core cable terminal, 2 power conversion units; 4 core sockets are accepted collector+15V power supply, and 485 connections are realized the data command exchange of controlled processing unit and collector; The control of various control signals realized by processor, the processing calculating of frequency temperature signal, the storage of data; 10 core cable terminals, realization is connected with frequency, temperature collecting cell, power supply signal+15V ,+5V ,+3.3V, GND are sent to frequency collection unit and temperature collecting cell, frequency, temperature signal line realize frequency, temperature signal are sent to controlled processing unit, and switch controlling signal wiretap enables, switch clock, switch control 1, switch is controlled 2 and realized the control signal of controlled processing unit is sent to frequency collection unit; Described 2 power conversion units, realize the conversion of voltage from+15V to+5V for one, and realization+5V is to the conversion of+3.3V; The selection input end of 2 No. 8 electronic switches of power supply signal+15V rate of connections collecting unit, power supply signal line+5V is 2 No. 8 electronic switch power supplies, power supply signal line+3.3V is temperature sensor power supply.
Shown in Fig. 4, frequency collection unit comprises 2 group of 10 core cable terminal, two electronic switch ，16 road, No. 8 frequency collection circuit, and 32 electric capacity contacts, 16 temperature signal contacts, 2 for electric contact; 1 group of 10 core cable terminal connects controlled processing unit, two provide+5V of No. 8 electronic switch power supplies for frequency collection unit, for provide+15V of frequency collection circuit power supply, be somebody's turn to do+15V first connects the selection input end of two No. 8 electronic switches, electronic switch by 4 switch controlling signal wiretaps enable, switch clock, switch control 1, switch is controlled 2 and controlled, general+15V timesharing is from 2 electronic switch 16 road, No. 8 output terminal outputs, 16 road output terminals are respectively 16 road frequency collection circuit supplies, finally realize time sharing power supply, acquisition time frequency signal; Another organizes 10 core cable terminals can connect an extra frequency collection unit, realizes expanded function, and signal wire is identical with last group, and function is also identical; The power supply unit of 16 road frequency collection circuit is connected respectively to 16 output terminals of two No. 8 electronic switches, accept time sharing power supply, the frequency signal that 16 road frequency collection circuit collect converges to a frequency signal line, and the frequency signal line by 10 core cable terminals is sent to controlled processing unit and carries out frequency processing calculating; 32 electric capacity contacts connect corresponding electric capacity contact on temperature collecting cells, and every two contacts are one group, connect to cover copper, the electric capacity of the LC oscillatory circuit of component frequency Acquisition Circuit on temperature collecting cell; 16 temperature signal contacts, connect the corresponding temperature signal contact of temperature collecting cell, and 16 temperature signals finally temperature signal line of the 10 core cable terminals by frequency collection unit are sent to controlled processing unit and process calculating.
Shown in Fig. 5, frequency collection circuit comprises a power conversion unit G1, a LC oscillatory circuit Z1 and a frequency dividing circuit D; Power conversion unit G1, changes the V1 of time sharing power supply, and the voltage VCC1 after changing is LC oscillatory circuit Z1 and frequency dividing circuit D power supply; The set corresponding electric capacity contact of LC oscillatory circuit Z1, electric capacity contact on jointing temp collecting unit, connect on temperature collecting cell and cover accordingly copper, as the capacitor C of LC oscillatory circuit Z1, after LC oscillatory circuit Z1 is in parallel with inductance L by capacitor C, access resonant circuit Y1 and form; LC oscillatory circuit Z1 generated frequency signal is sent to frequency dividing circuit D, generate output frequency signal, final 16 road frequency signal lines converge to a signal wire, and from frequency collection unit, the frequency signal line of 10 core cable terminals is sent to controlled processing unit and carries out frequency signal and process to calculate.
Shown in Fig. 6, for the concrete schematic diagram of implementing of frequency collection circuit block diagram, comprise power conversion unit G1, LC oscillatory circuit Z1, frequency dividing circuit D; Power conversion unit G1 accepts time sharing power supply V1, and is converted into voltage VCC1, is respectively LC oscillatory circuit and frequency dividing circuit power supply; Described LC oscillatory circuit Z1, by diagram capacitive node 1) 2) connect on temperature collecting cell and cover accordingly copper electric capacity contact, the capacitor C of formation, shunt inductance L also connects resonant circuit Y1 composition; Described frequency dividing circuit D comprises frequency dividing circuit D1, divide-by-two circuit D2 No. one time; Described resonant circuit Y1 comprises that model is MC100EL1648DT oscillator U1, power supply VCC1 connects 2,3 pins of oscillator U1, pin 5 is connected with VCC1 by a resistance R 1, power supply VCC1 is by capacitor C 1 ground connection, pin 7 and pin 6 ground connection, pin 5 is by capacitor C 3 ground connection, and pin 1 and 8 connects the frequency signal of capacitor C and inductance L generation, after resonant circuit Y1 processes, by pin 4 output frequency signals to No. time frequency dividing circuit signal input part of oscillator U1; A described frequency dividing circuit D1 comprises that model is MC12015 frequency divider U2; Described divide-by-two circuit D2 comprises that model is SN74HC4040D frequency divider U3, triode Q1; The pin 1 and 7 of frequency divider U2 meets power supply VCC1, pin 6 is by capacitor C 5 ground connection, pin 7 is by capacitor C 6 ground connection, the direct ground connection of pin 4, the frequency signal of oscillator U1 pin 4 outputs inputs to the pin 5 of a frequency dividing circuit D1 frequency divider U2 by capacitor C 4, after frequency divider U2 processes, by pin 2 and a fractional frequency signal of 3 rear outputs in parallel; The pin 10 of a fractional frequency signal access divide-by-two circuit D2 frequency divider U3, the pin of frequency divider U3 meets power supply VCC1 and passes through capacitor C 7 ground connection, pin 8 and 11 ground connection, the secondary fractional frequency signal of pin 2 outputs after frequency divider U3 processes; This signal connects the base stage 1 of triode Q1 by resistance R 2, the base stage 1 of triode Q1 is by resistance R 3 ground connection, launching base 2 ground connection, the digitized square wave frequency signal F1 of the collector final formation of 3 output, frequency signal F1 is sent to the frequency signal terminal of frequency collection unit 10 core cable terminals.
Shown in Fig. 7, temperature collecting cell comprises that 16 groups cover copper, 16 temperature sensors, 32 electric capacity contacts, 16 temperature signal contacts, 2 power supply contacts; 16 groups cover copper as the electric capacity of frequency collection unit frequency Acquisition Circuit LC oscillatory circuit, by 32 electric capacity contacts, are connected with frequency collection unit; 16 temperature sensors gather 16 temperature signals, by 16 temperature signal contacts, be connected with 16 temperature signal contacts of frequency collection unit, 16 temperature signal congruences are polymerized to a temperature signal line the most at last, are sent to controlled processing unit and carry out processes temperature signal calculating; Two power supply contacts are connected with two power supply contacts of frequency collection unit, are provide+3.3V of temperature sensor power supply.
Whole frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor are comprised of a controlled processing unit (see figure 3) and some Acquisition Circuit (seeing Fig. 4, Fig. 7), adopt cannula type structure, under the prerequisite of spoiled soil structure not, use special installation tool that protecting tube is driven underground in soil, installation of sensors is in protecting tube.This sensor construction is hard circuit board and flexible PCB combination, and there is hot shortness's diaphragm sensor outside, and controlled processing unit is processed the next data of collecting unit transmission and communicated by letter with data acquisition unit by RS485 bus.
Every group of sensor is comprised of 40mm*400mm hard circuit board (see figure 4) and 164mm*400mm flexible PCB (see figure 7).In order to reduce measuring error, the flexible PCB adopting in structural manufacturing process is to take polyimide or mylar a kind ofly to have height reliability, an excellent flexual printed circuit board (PCB) as what base material was made, has that distribution density is high, lightweight, the feature of thin thickness.On hard circuit board, there is LC oscillatory circuit and frequency dividing circuit, in flexible PCB, cover copper as a part for LC oscillatory circuit, be two electrodes of electric capacity, soil is as the medium of electric capacity, the variation of soil moisture causes the variation of oscillation frequency, front-end collection is arrived to frequency signal after frequency division, by flat cable, deliver to controlled processing unit, maximum 16 18B20 temperature sensors are also installed on flexible PCB, after power supply, controlled processing unit can pass through condition code, gathers respectively the data of each temperature sensor.
The oscillation frequency of oscillatory circuit changes between 65MHz-110MHz.
Vertical survey resolution is frozen soil and the dry ground layer survey sensor of 2.5cm, 16 of the quantity of its sensing element of every group.
The data that final frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor collect, are transmitted to server by collector, realize the judgement of Real-time Collection and frozen soil and the drought pattern of data.
The embedded program of frozen soil and dry ground layer survey sensor and collector adopts Keil development environment, utilizes C language to design, and has both had the feature of general higher level lanquage, can directly to the hardware of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, operate again, and expression and arithmetic capability are stronger.Have generating code efficiency high, support the features such as floating point arithmetic, the software configuration of design is clear, orderly, is convenient to later expansion, transplanting and maintenance.
Shown in Fig. 8, it is the mathematical model based on soil moisture, ground temperature inverting frozen soil and drought pattern.
The variation of soil moisture content mainly causes because dielectric coefficient changes.The dielectric coefficient of water is 80, approximately 3～4 of ice.Therefore, when the water in soil becomes ice crystal, there is obvious variation in its dielectric coefficient, and the moisture value that sensor records can obviously decline, and when temperature rising, when frozen soil thaws, moisture value can obviously rise.First we be divided into dry ground, wet soil and frozen soil according to soil moisture content soil types, and principium identification mathematical model is as follows:
A), as TD > Tc, during W≤Wc, can be judged to be dry ground; And when W > Wc, can be judged to be wet soil (wherein: TD is ground temperature; Tc is freezing temperature; W is soil moisture content; Wc is wilting moisture);
B), as TD=Tc, record current water cut W0 and time t0, as the benchmark of follow-up differentiation;
C) as TD < Tc, through a period of time T, record current soil water cut W1 and time t1, then calculate soil moisture rate of change F=(W0-W1)/(t1-t0), if F > C(constant), can be judged to be frozen soil, otherwise for frozen soil not (wherein: t is the time; T is the cycle; C is empirical constant).
Claims (9)
1. frozen soil and a dry ground layer survey sensor, is characterized in that: it comprises:
Controlled processing unit, controls for calculating, communication, time-sharing acquisition, the collecting unit time sharing power supply of data, by supply lines and connection, is connected with collector;
Frequency collection unit, the control signal of reception controlled processing unit, carries out frequency signal acquisition time;
Temperature collecting cell, the control signal of reception controlled processing unit, carries out temperature acquisition;
Wherein, described controlled processing unit comprises microprocessor CPU, socket, multicore cable terminal and power conversion unit; Described microprocessor CPU has a plurality of IO interfaces and connects described multicore cable terminal; Described socket is power supply and the connection that multi-core socket connects collector; Described multicore cable terminal comprises a plurality of power supply terminals, a plurality of switch controlling signal terminals and frequency signal terminal and temperature signal terminal, and this multicore cable terminal is distinguished rate of connections collecting unit and temperature collecting cell by winding displacement; Described power conversion unit converts the supply voltage of inputting by socket to system required voltage; Described a plurality of power supply terminal is respectively the multi-way switch of frequency collection unit and powers, is the temperature sensor power supply of temperature collecting cell; Described a plurality of switch controlling signal Terminal control multi-channel electronic switch, realizes the time sharing power supply to frequency collection circuit; The temperature signal that the frequency signal that described frequency signal terminal and temperature signal terminal collect many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit and a plurality of temperature sensor collect converges to respectively a frequency signal line and a temperature signal line, is sent to controlled processing unit and processes calculating;
Described frequency collection unit comprises multi-channel electronic switch, multicore cable terminal and many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit; Described multicore cable terminal utilizes winding displacement to be connected with the multicore cable terminal of controlled processing unit; In multicore cable terminal, corresponding power supply terminal is multi-channel electronic switch power supply, the selection input end of corresponding power supply terminal access multi-channel electronic switch; Described controlled processing unit is by the control signal on the switch control terminal of its multicore cable terminal of control, realize the power supply of access multi-channel electronic switch input end from a plurality of output terminal timesharing outputs of multi-channel electronic switch, for many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit provides time sharing power supply and control; The frequency output signal of described many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit converges to the frequency signal terminal of frequency collection unit multicore cable terminal, is finally sent to controlled processing unit.
2. frozen soil according to claim 1 and dry ground layer survey sensor, is characterized in that: group more than described frequency collection unit also comprises connects on temperature collecting cells covers the electric capacity contact of copper, the temperature signal output contact of a plurality of connection temperature collecting cell respective temperature sensor supplies electric contact with one group that is connected temperature collecting cell.
3. frozen soil according to claim 1 and dry ground layer survey sensor, it is characterized in that: described frequency collection circuit comprises power conversion unit G1, LC oscillatory circuit Z1 and frequency dividing circuit D, described power conversion unit G1 is by described controlled processing unit supply power V1 before frequency acquisition, and the power supply V1 of time sharing power supply is changed, the voltage VCC1 after conversion gives respectively LC oscillatory circuit Z1 and frequency dividing circuit D power supply; The frequency signal of described LC oscillatory circuit Z1 is generated frequency output signal F1 after frequency dividing circuit D frequency division, the frequency output signal of many class frequencys Acquisition Circuit exports the frequency signal terminal of the multicore cable terminal of described frequency collection unit to, is sent to controlled processing unit and carries out frequency processing calculating.
4. frozen soil according to claim 3 and dry ground layer survey sensor, is characterized in that: described LC oscillatory circuit Z1 mainly by capacitor C with after inductance L parallel connection, be connected resonant circuit Y1 and form; Described resonant circuit Y1 comprises that model is MC100EL1648DT oscillator U1, power supply VCC1 connects the pin 2,3 of oscillator U1, pin 5 is connected with VCC1 by resistance R 1, power supply VCC1 is by capacitor C 1 ground connection, pin 7 and pin 6 ground connection, pin 5 is by capacitor C 3 ground connection, and pin 1 and pin 8 connect the frequency signal of capacitor C and inductance L generation, this signal is after resonant circuit Y1 processes, by pin 4 output frequency signals to No. time frequency dividing circuit signal input part of oscillator U1.
5. frozen soil according to claim 3 and dry ground layer survey sensor, is characterized in that: described frequency dividing circuit D comprises frequency dividing circuit D1, divide-by-two circuit D2 No. one time; A frequency dividing circuit D1 comprises that model is MC12015 frequency divider U2; Divide-by-two circuit D2 comprises that model is SN74HC4040D frequency divider U3, triode Q1; Pin 1 and the pin 7 of frequency divider U2 meet power supply VCC1, pin 6 is by capacitor C 5 ground connection, pin 7 is by capacitor C 6 ground connection, pin 4 ground connection, the frequency signal of oscillator U1 pin 4 outputs inputs to the pin 5 of a frequency dividing circuit D1 frequency divider U2 by capacitor C 4, after frequency divider U2 processes, by pin 2 and a fractional frequency signal of pin 3 rear outputs in parallel; The pin 10 of a fractional frequency signal access divide-by-two circuit D2 frequency divider U3, the pin 16 of frequency divider U3 meets power supply VCC1, and by capacitor C 7 ground connection, pin 8 and pin 11 ground connection, the secondary fractional frequency signal of pin 2 outputs after frequency divider U3 processes; This signal connects triode Q1 base stage by resistance R 2, and triode Q1 base stage is passed through resistance R 3 ground connection, grounded emitter, the digitized square wave frequency signal F1 of the final formation of collector output.
6. according to the frozen soil described in claim 3 or 4 and dry ground layer survey sensor, it is characterized in that: the capacitor C in described LC oscillatory circuit Z1 is covered copper by the correspondence of the electric capacity contact connection temperature collecting cell of the set correspondence of this LC oscillatory circuit Z1 and formed.
7. frozen soil according to claim 1 and dry ground layer survey sensor, it is characterized in that: described temperature collecting cell comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and one group of confession electric contact, each temperature sensor is collecting temperature signal respectively, by corresponding temperature signal contact, converge and be sent to the temperature signal terminal of described controlled processing unit, or the temperature signal terminal that converges to the multicore cable terminal of described frequency collection unit is also finally sent to controlled processing unit, by controlled processing unit, carries out processes temperature signal calculating; The described electric contact that supplies connects the corresponding power supply terminal of cable terminal of described controlled processing unit, or connects power supply terminal corresponding to described frequency collection unit, is temperature sensor power supply.
8. frozen soil according to claim 7 and dry ground layer survey sensor, is characterized in that: described temperature collecting cell also comprises equally spaced copper and the corresponding electric capacity contact of covering of many groups; The equally spaced corresponding electric capacity contact that covers copper and corresponding capacitance contact rate of connections collecting unit of described many groups, every two equally spacedly cover the capacitor C that copper forms the LC oscillatory circuit Z1 of described frequency collection circuit.
9. frozen soil according to claim 8 and dry ground layer survey sensor, it is characterized in that: described controlled processing unit is connected with frequency collection unit by polycore cable, frequency collection unit is connected with temperature collecting cell by corresponding contact, frequency collection unit adopts hard circuit board, be fixed on a flat special-shaped groove, whole special-shaped groove is insulated foamed material parcel, temperature collecting cell adopts flexible PCB, it is outside that this flexible PCB is wrapped in insulating foams material again, whole with means of heat-shrinkable film parcel pyrocondensation sizing, during installation, whole sensor is loaded in PVC protection tube, depending on requiring vertical insertion in soil, use.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN102830136B (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2016-11-23 | 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 | Survey the vortex induction circuit of soil moisture |
| CZ2012803A3 (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-08-07 | Ceské vysoké ucení technické - Fakulta elektrotechnická | Soil-freezing meter |
| CN104614011A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-05-13 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Frozen soil test data acquiring and processing system |
| SG11201703266SA (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2017-05-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Capacitive temperature sensing for electrical conductor |
| CN108827730B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2023-08-25 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Be used for frozen soil sample unfrozen water content and measurement device of soil sample moisture that melts |
| CN109100399A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-12-28 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司 | Subgrade soil tunnel surrounding moisture content monitoring method |
| CN109187655A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-11 | 大连锐进科技发展有限公司 | A kind of soil detection system |
| CN109579685B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-11-13 | 河南中原光电测控技术有限公司 | Frozen soil depth calculation method and device |
| US11176016B1 (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2021-11-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Detecting and managing anomalies in underground sensors for agricultural applications |
| CN112882103B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2023-02-21 | 中煤建设集团有限公司 | Method for detecting thickness of frozen soil curtain of urban underground large-scale freezing project |
| CN113125497B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-06-03 | 中国林业科学研究院 | Method for dividing soil moisture evaporation stage based on soil temperature |
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| JP2005182643A (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-07-07 | National Agriculture & Bio-Oriented Research Organization | Environment measurement device driven by natural energy |
| CN201034964Y (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-03-12 | 河南省气象科学研究所 | Wireless intelligent soil moisture automatic monitoring instrument |
| CN100573612C (en) * | 2008-03-15 | 2009-12-23 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | The sensor node that is used for railway frozen earth roadbed safety monitoring |
| CN101694475B (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-08-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Multipoint soil moisture sensor and method utilizing same to measure soil moisture |
| CN202511782U (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2012-10-31 | 河南省气象科学研究所 | Frozen soil and dry soil layer measurement sensor |
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