CN105783697A - Flexible strain sensor with crack structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible strain sensor with crack structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105783697A CN105783697A CN201610329953.1A CN201610329953A CN105783697A CN 105783697 A CN105783697 A CN 105783697A CN 201610329953 A CN201610329953 A CN 201610329953A CN 105783697 A CN105783697 A CN 105783697A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensor manufacturing and especially relates to a flexible strain sensor with a crack structure and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides a flexible strain sensor comprising a flexible substrate, a conducting coating which is coated on the flexible substrate and provided with a prefabricated crack structure, a pair of electrodes which are positioned at two ends of the conducting coating surface, and a protection layer which covers the conducting coating surface and is made from flexible polymer. By means of the flexible strain sensor provided by the invention, small strain changes can be accurately monitored; the preparation method is simple and low in cost; the flexible strain sensor has high sensitivity, good stability and long service life, and can be bended and twisted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of sensor manufacture, be specifically related to a kind of flexible strain transducer with crack structtire and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Strain gauge transducer is widely used in the aspects such as photoelectron, machinery, oil, metallurgy, biology, medical treatment, traffic and national defence, traditional strain transducer utilizes the inorganic material such as silicon or zinc oxide to prepare, limited by material self performance, once relatively large deformation occurs material, will there is expendable destruction in sensor；Therefore, the task of top priority is the strain transducer of development of new, and wherein, polymer-based flexible strain transducer becomes the focus that people pay close attention to and study.Flexible strain transducer is based on Measuring Object stress deformation and supervenes a class sensor of resistance variations, it adopts flexible material (being generally adopted macromolecular material) to replace rigid substrate, compared with tradition strain transducer, have that can to measure range of strain bigger, bent distortion, the advantages such as long service life, design and preparation are convenient.Based on above-mentioned characteristic, flexible strain transducer is at flexible electronic components and parts, and flexible screen, electronic skin, the aspect such as man-machine interaction suffers from wide application prospect.
But, compared with traditional strain transducer, there is poor sensitivity, poor signal to noise, poor stability, the high deficiency of production cost in flexible strain transducer；These inferior positions all govern the development of flexible strain transducer.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to overcome that the shortcoming that existing process technology exists, a kind of strain transducer with crack structtire is provided, less strain variation can accurately be monitored by the flexible strain transducer of gained, processing preparation is simple, production cost is low, highly sensitive, good stability, bent distortion, long service life.
Technical scheme:
First technical problem that the invention solves the problems that is to provide a kind of flexible strain transducer, including:
Flexible base board；
It is coated on the conductive coating on flexible base board, described conductive coating is prefabricated with crack structtire；
Pair of electrodes, electrode is positioned at the two ends on conductive coating surface；
And it is overlying on the protective layer formed by flexible polymer on conductive coating surface.
Described flexible base board is the thin film that flexible polymer is made.
nullFurther，Described flexible polymer is selected from: thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)、Polyacrylate、Kynoar (PVDF)、Polystyrene (PS)、Polyamide (PA)、Polyimides (PI)、Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)、Styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer (SBS) (SBS)、Styrene isoprene styrene block copolymer (SIS) (SIS)、Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS)、Styrene ethylene-propylene-styrene type block copolymer (SEPS)、Natural rubber (NR)、Butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR)、Butadiene rubber (BR)、Isoprene rubber (IR)、Silicone rubber (Q)、Neoprene (CR)、Butyl rubber (IIR)、Nitrile rubber (NBR)、EP rubbers (EPM)、Fluorubber (FPM)、Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)、Styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer、Olefin hydrocarbons thermoplasticity elastic body、Dienes thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)、Polyvinyl chloride-base thermoplastic elastomer、At least one in polyamide-type thermoplastic elastomer (TPAE) or TPV (TPV).
Preferably, described flexible base board is polyurethane film or polyacrylate film.
Preferably, described protective layer is formed by polydimethylsiloxane.
The preparation method that second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide above-mentioned flexible strain transducer, including step:
1) conductive filler slurry is coated with on flexible substrates, then dries and form conductive coating；
2) on conductive coating, carry out precrack process so that conductive coating surface forms crackle, and the head and end on conductive coating surface adds loading electrode and obtains being loaded with the composite of electrode；
3) in step 2) gained be loaded with the composite of electrode conductive coating surface (surface not in contact with flexible base board) overlying load one layer of flexible polymer as protective layer; then cured or dried, obtains the flexible strain transducer with three-decker (flexible base board-conductive coating-flexible polymer protective layer three-decker).
Step 1) in, described conductive filler slurry is selected from Graphene slurry, carbon nano tube paste, white carbon black slurry, graphite slurry, metal dust electrocondution slurry or at least one in metal conductive oxide slurry；It is preferably Graphene slurry.In the present invention, conductive filler slurry is commercially available gained, and the preparation method of conductive filler slurry can adopt the existing any method preparing conductive filler slurry, as: by 5.3g Graphene, 50g hydroxy acrylic acid and 50g organic solvent stir through mixed at high speed, prepare after cleavage.
Further, step 2) in pre-existing crack processing method be: first by step 1) in be coated with conductive filler slurry flexible base board fold, the top plate of flexible base board is applied pressure, the lower plywood of flexible base board is drawn, produces the crackle vertical with lead thereby through extruding effect of dragging in the burst of flexible base board.
Further, step 2) in the processing method of pre-existing crack be: the top plate of flexible base board applies the pressure of 1～50kPa, and the lower plywood of flexible base board draws with the speed of 0.1～5m/min.
In the present invention, by pre-existing crack on conductive coating, so that there is the strain transducer of micro-crack when applying stress, owing between the existence micro-crack of micro-crack, gap can produce change, the opening and closing of micro-crack directly affects connection and the blocking-up of system conductive path, so that strain transducer is when being subject to less strain variation, just producing bigger resistance variations, having supersensitive flexible strain transducer thus obtaining.
Further, step 3) in, when flexible polymer is thermosetting polymer, the method of conductive coating surface overlying one layer of flexible polymer of load is: by the host of flexible thermosetting polymer and firming agent mechanical agitation 5～10min, then vacuum state 10～40min is kept, remove the bubble that mechanical agitation produces, obtain thermosetting polymer host/firming agent mixed liquor；After mixed liquor is coated on conductive coating surface；Wherein, the host of thermosetting polymer is 10:1～2 with the mass ratio of firming agent.
Further, step 3) in, conductive coating surface being coated with thermosetting polymer solution or suspension adopts spin coating method, spin-coating time 2～30min, rotating speed is 200～2500r/min (preferred 1000r/min).
Further, in said method, described flexible base board is polyurethane film, conductive filler slurry is Graphene slurry, flexible polymer as protective layer is polydimethylsiloxane.
Further, the thickness of described flexible base board is 0.1～0.5mm.
Further, described conductive coating surface resistivity is 101～1010Ω/, coating layer thickness is 2～50 μm.Ω/ represents square resistance, and for Thin film conductive sample, surface resistivity sheet resistance represents.It is defined as: referring to that a foursquare thin film of conductive material limit is to the resistance between limit, it is unrelated with square size.
In the present invention, conductive coating only need to be completely covered by polymer protective layer.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
In prior art, the sensitivity of flexible strain transducer is less, and preparation cost is high, and complicated process of preparation, service life is short.And the present invention adopts in the method for the preset micro-cracked structure of conductive layer, make sensor in specifically used, there is higher sensitivity.Additionally, the present invention installs encapsulated layer additional outside conductive coating, serve the effect of protection crack structtire within conductive layer so that the service life of crackle strain transducer is greatly improved, and the stability of sensor is also obviously enhanced.Further, strain transducer production cost of the present invention is low, it is easy to processing, can be mass.Additionally, strain variation is monitored in the change that the flexible strain transducer with crack structtire that obtains of the present invention can pass through resistance in real time, the performance of this excellence is in electronic skin, and the field such as health supervising device has wide practical use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The polarized light microscopy photo of crack structtire flexibility strain transducer prepared by Fig. 1 present invention.
Product prepared by Fig. 2 present invention when carrying out that crackle is prefabricated to be processed, homemade pressure traction apparatus schematic diagram, including top board 1, sample 2 after folding, lower platen 3, leading screw 4, draw slide block 5, motor 6, fixing point 7.
Crack structtire flexibility strain transducer agent structure principle schematic prepared by Fig. 3 present invention, including substrate 1, conductive layer 2, elargol 3, protective layer 4, copper foil electrode 5, wire 6, ammeter 7, constant voltage source 8.
Product prepared by Fig. 4 present invention time m-electrical response curve under cyclic tension state.
Fig. 5 comparative example of the present invention product time m-electrical response curve under cyclic tension state.
Detailed description of the invention
The preparation method that the present invention has the flexible strain transducer of crack structtire, can carry out in the following ways, including preparing flexible base board, the coating of conductive coating, preset micro-cracked structure, add loading electrode, encapsulating flexible polymer protective layer step, particularly as follows:
A, flexible polymer 34～39 parts (preferably 37 parts) is preheated below the above decomposition temperature of its melt temperature 5～15min, then hot pressing 5～25min under the pressure of 1～20MPa, finally under the pressure of 1～15MPa, it is cooled to room temperature, prepares thin polymer film as flexible base board；
B, by thin polymer film compressing in step a for 22～32 parts of conductive filler slurry (preferably 27 parts) roller coat, when oven temperature is 30～100 DEG C (preferably 70 DEG C), it is placed in baking oven by the composite being coated with conductive filler 10～40min and dries so that it is surface forms conductive coating；
C, step b gained carried out pre-existing crack process containing the composite of conductive layer, and the head and end on conductive coating surface adds loading electrode；
D, adding step c gained the composite of loading electrode containing crackle and two ends and be placed on spin coater, flexible polymer solution or suspension 34～39 parts (preferably 37 parts) are spun on its surface；
E, solidify at baking oven, finally give the flexible strain transducer with micro-cracked structure of three-decker.
In the present invention, pre-existing crack processing method adopts all methods that can make to crack on conductive coating, it is not limited to the micro-crack vertical with lead that employing disclosed by the invention is produced by extruding effect of dragging from pressing pressure traction apparatus.The crack size adopting home-made contrivance of the present invention preset is micron order, and the surface being distributed in conductive coating arranged in parallel, and the spacing of micro-crack can be controlled by pressure stress intensity on flexible substrates when preparing.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described, does not therefore limit the present invention among described scope of embodiments.
Embodiment:
The present embodiment is using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as flexible base board, and Graphene is as conductive layer, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has the flexible strain transducer of crack structtire as protective layer preparation, and its specific embodiment is:
A, by TPU pellet 3g 205 DEG C preheat 10min, then hot pressing 5min under the pressure of 2MPa, is finally cooled to room temperature under the pressure of 2MPa, prepare TPU film；Wherein, TPU pellet density used is 1.12g/cm3, its melt index is 17.5g/10min (215 DEG C, 10kg), and the TPU film thickness prepared is 0.15mm；
B, by TPU film compressing in step a for graphene conductive slurry 2.5mL roller coat, when oven temperature is 70 DEG C, is placed in baking oven by the composite of coated electrocondution slurry 20min and dries so that it is surface forms conductive layer；Graphene conductive slurry is commercially available gained, and Surface Resistivity of Coatings is 105Ω/, coating layer thickness is 15 μm；
C, step b gained carried out pre-existing crack process containing the composite of conductive layer, and add loading electrode at the head and end of conductive layer surface；Pre-existing crack described in step c processes and carries out in homemade pressure traction apparatus, concrete operations are: folded by the flexible base board containing conductive layer of gained in step b, flexible base board top end is fixed with top board 1, flexible base board bottom endwall is fixed with lower platen 3 (traction apparatus), it is 2kPa that top board applies pressure, lower platen hauling speed be 0.1m/min, until the folding position of flexible base board arrives the fixing point 7 of flexible base board top end and top board, the fixing point 7 of flexible base board bottom endwall and lower platen it is returned to again with the traction of identical speed opposite direction, in this, as a circulation, repeat above-mentioned cyclic process 3 times, the extruding effect of dragging utilizing folding position makes composite material surface be full of the crackle vertical with draw direction；Homemade pressure apparatus schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2；
D, adding step c gained the composite of loading electrode containing crackle and two ends and be placed on spin coater, polydimethylsiloxane host (prepolymer of polydimethylsiloxane) and commercial firming agent (mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane host and firming agent is 10:1) are first stirred 10min mixing with Glass rod, being subsequently placed in vacuum tank and keep vacuum state 15min, the bubble removing mechanical agitation generation obtains polydimethylsiloxane host/firming agent mixed liquor；Mixed liquor 3mL is spun on the surface of composite again；The parameter that spin coating adopts is: spin-coating time 3min, rotating speed is 1000r/min；
E, solidifying at baking oven, what finally give three-decker has micro-cracked structure flexibility strain transducer；In solidification process: oven temperature is 70 DEG C, hardening time is 4h.
Flexible strain transducer after encapsulation is fixed on universal tensile testing machine and carries out cyclic tension test by this example, and the micro-crack in graphene conductive layer changes in drawing process, and then affects the resistance of strain transducer.Utilize the curent change of constant-voltage power supply table real time record sensor, it is thus achieved that there is the time m-electrical response curve of the flexible strain transducer of crack structtire.
Fig. 1 is this example is the polarized light microscopy photo under 100 times in amplification, as seen in Figure 1, containing substantial amounts of orientation crackle in graphene conductive layer, when sensor is applied the stress being perpendicular to direction of check, crack spacing becomes big, partially electronically conductive path is destroyed, and therefore the resistance of sensor raises.
Sensor two ends are being fixed on universal tensile testing machine shown in Fig. 3 by the present embodiment, stretch with the speed of 500mm/min, when strain reaches 5%, then recover to initial position with identical speed, so it is repeatedly performed 1000 circulations, obtains responsiveness (Δ R/R simultaneously0,R0For initial resistance, Δ R is (real time resistance-initial resistance))-time graph, test voltage is 2V.As shown in Figure 4, when sensor in a stretched state, its resistance has comparatively significantly rising (responsiveness has reached 600%), and can be seen that from illustration, resistance variations is sufficiently stable, illustrates that this sensor has the feature of high sensitivity and high stability, after experiencing thousands of circulations, the resistance of sample can also return to initial value, illustrates that it has comparatively excellent ruggedness.
Comparative example:
Adopt the raw material identical with embodiment and method, only difference is that not preset micro-crack on conductive coating.Gained strain transducer is by the test identical with embodiment 1, it appeared that: the rising of this strain transducer resistance is less substantially (responsiveness is 60%), responsiveness is only has the 1/10 of micro-cracked structure crackle strain transducer, and carry out the test of thousands of cyclic tensions and can be seen that, its responsiveness substantially has downward trend, this strain transducer less stable is described, service life is shorter.
Present invention applicant's experiment is also attempted employing other flexible resins except embodiment as substrate; other flexible polymers are as protective layer; other conductive fillers are as conductive filler slurry; as long as finding first prefabricated micro-cracked structure on the conductive coating formed, the goal of the invention of the present invention can be realized.
Claims (10)
1. flexible strain transducer, it is characterised in that described flexible strain transducer includes:
Flexible base board；
It is coated on the conductive coating on flexible base board, described conductive coating is prefabricated with crack structtire；
Pair of electrodes, electrode is positioned at the two ends on conductive coating surface；
And it is overlying on the protective layer formed by flexible polymer on conductive coating surface.
2. flexible strain transducer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described flexible base board is the thin film that flexible polymer is made.
null3. flexible strain transducer according to claim 1 and 2，It is characterized in that，Described flexible polymer is selected from: thermoplastic polyurethane、Polyacrylate、Kynoar、Polystyrene、Polyamide、Polyimides、Polyethylene terephthalate、Styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer (SBS)、Styrene isoprene styrene block copolymer (SIS)、Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer、Styrene ethylene-propylene-styrene type block copolymer、Natural rubber、Butadiene-styrene rubber、Butadiene rubber、Isoprene rubber、Silicone rubber、Neoprene、Butyl rubber、Nitrile rubber、EP rubbers、Fluorubber、Polydimethylsiloxane、Styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer、Olefin hydrocarbons thermoplasticity elastic body、Dienes thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)、Polyvinyl chloride-base thermoplastic elastomer、At least one in polyamide-type thermoplastic elastomer or TPV.
4. the flexible strain transducer according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that described flexible base board is polyurethane film or polyacrylate film.
5. the flexible strain transducer according to any one of claim 2～4, it is characterised in that described protective layer is formed by polydimethylsiloxane.
6. the preparation method of the flexible strain transducer described in any one of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) conductive filler slurry is coated with on flexible substrates, then dries and form conductive coating；
2) on conductive coating, carry out precrack process so that conductive coating surface forms crackle, and the head and end on conductive coating surface adds loading electrode and obtains being loaded with the composite of electrode；
3) in step 2) gained is loaded with the conductive coating surface overlying load flexible polymer of the composite of electrode as protective layer, then cured or dried, obtains the flexible strain transducer with three-decker.
7. the preparation method of flexible strain transducer according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, step 1) in, described conductive filler slurry is selected from Graphene slurry, carbon nano tube paste, white carbon black slurry, graphite slurry, metal dust electrocondution slurry or at least one in metal conductive oxide slurry.
8. the preparation method of the flexible strain transducer according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that, step 2) in pre-existing crack processing method be: first by step 1) in be coated with conductive filler slurry flexible base board fold, the top plate of flexible base board is applied pressure, the lower plywood of flexible base board is drawn, produces the crackle vertical with lead thereby through extruding effect of dragging in the burst of flexible base board；Further, the processing method of pre-existing crack is: the top plate of flexible base board applies the pressure of 1～50kPa, and the lower plywood of flexible base board draws with the speed of 0.1～5m/min.
9. the preparation method of the flexible strain transducer according to any one of claim 6～8, it is characterized in that, step 3) in, when flexible polymer is thermosetting polymer, the method of conductive coating surface overlying load flexible polymer is: by the host of flexible thermosetting polymer and firming agent mechanical agitation 5～10min, then keep vacuum state 10～40min, remove the bubble that mechanical agitation produces, obtain thermosetting polymer host/firming agent mixed liquor；After mixed liquor is coated on conductive coating surface；Wherein, the host of thermosetting polymer is 10:1～2 with the mass ratio of firming agent；Further, mixed liquor adopts spin coating method to be coated on the surface of conductive coating, and spin-coating time 2～30min, rotating speed is 200～2500r/min.
10. the preparation method of the flexible strain transducer according to any one of claim 6～9, it is characterised in that described flexible base board is polyurethane film, conductive filler slurry is Graphene slurry, and the flexible polymer as protective layer is polydimethylsiloxane.
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