CN105781869A - 活塞单元和流体静力的径向活塞机 - Google Patents

活塞单元和流体静力的径向活塞机 Download PDF

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CN105781869A
CN105781869A CN201610019911.8A CN201610019911A CN105781869A CN 105781869 A CN105781869 A CN 105781869A CN 201610019911 A CN201610019911 A CN 201610019911A CN 105781869 A CN105781869 A CN 105781869A
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piston
piston unit
rolling element
bearing
polymerizable compound
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CN105781869B (zh
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G.克莫德
K.基尔罗伊
A.麦克菲
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/04Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F03C1/0403Details, component parts specially adapted of such engines
    • F03C1/0406Pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/0641Details, component parts specially adapted for such machines
    • F01B1/0644Pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/0603Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement the connection of the pistons with an element being at the outer ends of the cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/0641Details, component parts specially adapted for such machines
    • F01B1/0648Cams
    • F01B1/0651Cams consisting of several cylindrical elements, e.g. rollers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/0641Details, component parts specially adapted for such machines
    • F01B1/0655Details, component parts specially adapted for such machines cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B13/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion
    • F01B13/04Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion with more than one cylinder
    • F01B13/06Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion with more than one cylinder in star arrangement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/22Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder
    • F03C1/24Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders
    • F03C1/247Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders with cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement, the connection of the pistons with an actuated element being at the outer ends of the cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/0404Details or component parts
    • F04B1/0408Pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/047Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement with actuating or actuated elements at the outer ends of the cylinders
    • F04B1/0474Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement with actuating or actuated elements at the outer ends of the cylinders with two or more serially arranged radial piston-cylinder units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/10Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/10Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary
    • F04B1/107Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary with actuating or actuated elements at the outer ends of the cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/04Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B27/06Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/001One-piece pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/01Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers characterised by the use of particular materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/02Bearing surfaces
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    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/04Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
    • F01B9/06Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种活塞单元以及一种设有至少一个这样的活塞单元的、流体静力的径向活塞机。所述活塞单元具有活塞,所述活塞具有用于以能够旋转的方式对滚动体进行支承的滚动体容纳部。按照本发明,所述滚动体容纳部具有支承面,该支承面则具有由聚合化合物构成的表面涂层或者具有陶瓷的表面涂层。

Description

活塞单元和流体静力的径向活塞机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种活塞单元以及一种具有这样的活塞单元的、流体静力的径向活塞机,其中所述活塞单元具有活塞,所述活塞则具有用于以能够旋转的方式对滚动体进行支承的滚动体容纳部。
背景技术
所述类型的流体静力的径向活塞机例如由DE 40 37 455 C1公开。这种径向活塞机具有构造为缸体的转子,多个活塞单元以能够沿径向方向移动的方式在所述转子中得到导引。这些活塞单元中的每个活塞单元都分别具有一个活塞,所述活塞在所述缸体的缸孔中得到导引并且所述活塞的、沿径向方向从缸体中伸出的端部区段通过滚动体支撑在位置固定地容纳在所述流体静力的径向活塞机的壳体中的冲程盘或者说盘形凸轮上,从而使得活塞根据所述冲程盘的冲程曲线(Hubkurve)来实现冲程。这种活塞单元的不利之处在于,在活塞和与该活塞共同作用的滚动体之间出现摩擦,所述摩擦降低了流体静力的径向活塞机的效率并且尤其降低了其起动效率。
为了克服这个缺点,已经提出了各种不同的技术方案。例如DE 39 26 185 C2提议,将由复合材料构成的轴瓦布置在活塞的滚子容纳室中。为此所用的复合轴承材料例如能够由具有青铜层和对滚子进行支承的塑料层的钢制基材所构成。尽管由此能够在所容纳的滚子和滚子容纳室之间获得相对较好的摩擦特性,但是仍然存在着对超越于此的摩擦降低程度的期望。此外,将复合轴承材料加工并且(预)装配成轴瓦相对比较麻烦。
DE 10 2013 206 192 A1提出了另一种用于降低径向活塞机的摩擦的技术方案。在此规定,对活塞的至少一个表面进行抛光。此外提议,由轴承材料来制造所述滚动体容纳部,所述轴承材料具有塑料复合材料和/或金属复合材料。尽管借助这些措施通过降低摩擦能够实现相对较高的起动效率,但是另外仍存在着对再次进行摩擦优化的方案的期望,所述方案也保证了相对比较简单的加工和可装配性。
发明内容
相对于此,本发明的任务是,提供一种活塞单元和一种设有这样的活塞单元的、流体静力的径向活塞机,对于所述活塞单元和所述径向活塞机来说通过使用在设计和/或制造技术方面尽可能简单的器件改善起动效率。
该任务由一种活塞单元和一种流体静力的径向活塞机来解决,其中在所述活塞单元方面,所述活塞单元具有活塞,所述活塞则具有用于以能够旋转的方式对滚动体进行支承的滚动体容纳部,所述滚动体容纳部具有支承面,所述支承面则具有由聚合化合物构成的表面涂层或者具有陶瓷的表面涂层;并且其中在所述流体静力的径向活塞机方面,所述径向活塞机具有至少一个前面提到的活塞单元,所述活塞单元在缸体的缸孔中得到导引。
流体静力的机器的活塞单元具有活塞,该活塞则具有用于以能够旋转的方式对滚动体进行支承的滚动体容纳部。按照本发明,所述滚动体容纳部具有支承面,该支承面则具有由优选自硬化的聚合化合物构成的表面涂层或者作为其替代方案具有陶瓷的表面涂层。事实以令人惊讶的方式表明,通过使用由优选自硬化的聚合化合物构成的表面涂层或者陶瓷的表面涂层,新的、未经磨合的、流体静力的径向活塞机的起动转矩明显低于传统的流体静力的径向活塞机的起动转矩。尤其借助所述滚动体容纳部的经过如此涂覆的支承面明显地降低了所述滚动体容纳部和所述滚动体之间的(边界)摩擦,并且由此显著地提高所述活塞单元的起动效率。由此还能够改进具有按本发明的活塞单元的流体静力的径向活塞机的耐久性。
在此,所述聚合化合物例如能够是基于聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的涂层。对于本发明来说,例如下述涂层产品已经被证实为特别有利,该涂层产品在公司victrex®的商标名称VICOTE®下销售。这是一种基于VICTREX®PEEK聚合物的涂层产品。例如800系列的涂层VICOTE®、尤其是型号807、810、812、816和817适合于按本发明的应用。
作为替代方案的陶瓷的表面涂层能够是能够作为涂层来涂覆的陶瓷材料,所述陶瓷材料在摩擦方面得到了优化。这种涂层就按本发明的应用来说其突出之处在于相对较高的热承载能力、机械承载能力、摩擦方面的承载能力和腐蚀方面的承载能力。
在本发明的一种特别有利的改进方案中,被施加到所述工具容纳部的支承面上的聚合化合物具有大约40到80μm、优选50到75μm的层厚度。也就是说,例如能够设置恰好40μm、恰好80μm又或者例如为55μm的层厚度等等。事实已经有利地表明,已经如此相对较薄的层足以用于获得显著得到改进的摩擦特性。
为了在制造过程中尽可能简单地施加所述涂层能够有利的是,所述聚合化合物在其施加之前以分散的形式或者说作为分散体存在。
本发明的另一种特别有利的改进方案规定,所述聚合化合物至少两次以至少两层来施加。所述层例如能够在至少两个紧接着的涂覆过程中来施加。由此还能够使所述工具容纳部的经过涂覆的支承面的摩擦学方面的特性更加精确地与所述径向活塞机的相应要求相适应或者说与其相匹配。
作为补充方案,能够有利地规定,第一层、例如第一个涂覆过程的层的聚合化合物不同于第二层、例如第二个涂覆过程的聚合化合物。
在一种替代的实施变型方案中,所述支承面具有陶瓷的表面涂层,在这种实施变型方案中有利的是,所述陶瓷的表面涂层具有25到35μm的层厚度。
为了尽可能简单地施加相应的表面涂层并且为了最佳地控制所述层厚度,能够有利的是,将所述表面涂层以气溶剂的形式或者说作为气溶剂施加到所述支承面上。例如在此能够控制气溶剂-沉积过程,用于实现所述相应表面涂层的均匀的、尤其是平坦的层厚度。由此也能够良好地调节有待支承的滚动体和所述滚动体容纳部之间的径向间隙。
为了将用于所述活塞单元的预装配的开销降低到最低限度,有利的是,所述支承面与所述活塞一体地构造。也就是说,所述支承面通过使用合适的、优选切削的或者切屑的加工方法来直接构造在所述滚动体容纳部上并且随后将所述表面涂层施加到所述支承面上。例如能够使用一种工具,该工具首先实施粗切并且随后实施精切,用于精确地构造所述支承面。随后能够作为再处理的加工方法实施拉削。因此不需要形式为轴瓦或者类似构件的、单独构造的活塞座。由此能够降低所述活塞单元的、所使用的构件的数目,从而降低在预装配过程中的开销。
本发明的另一种有利的改进方案规定,所述滚动体被直接支承在所述支承面上或者说被支承在与所述支承面一体地构造的滚动体容纳部中。也就是说,不设置在其之间布置的中间构件、例如轴瓦。由此也不需要用于将轴瓦或者类似构件保持在所述滚动体容纳部上的附件,从而使得所述滚动体容纳部的几何形状在总体上得到简化。由此还能够进一步降低加工开销和制造成本。
本发明的另一种有利的实施变型方案规定,所述支承面的表面涂层沿所述活塞的纵向方向如此远地延伸,使得所述滚动体沿所述活塞的径向方向能够至少部分地得到支承。
按本发明的、流体静力的径向活塞机具有缸体,至少一个按本发明的、具有经过抛光的活塞的活塞单元在所述缸体中得到导引。这样的径向活塞机的突出之处在于相对较高的起动效率,因为在相应的活塞单元的滚动体容纳部和在其中得到支承的滚动体之间的(边界)摩擦相对较小。此外,对于所述活塞单元来说,能够节省有待单独地安装的、例如形式为相对于滚动体容纳部单独构造的轴瓦的活塞座。由此也简化了加工过程或者说安装过程并且由此降低了用于所述径向活塞机的制造成本。
附图说明
按本发明的活塞单元的优选的实施例和设有这种活塞单元的流体静力的径向活塞机的优选的实施例在附图中示出。现在借助于附图的示图对本发明进行详细解释。
附图中:
图1示出具有按本发明的活塞单元的、流体静力的径向活塞机的一部分的剖面;
图2以透视的俯视图示出具有滚动体容纳部的按本发明涂覆过的支承面的、图1中的活塞;并且
图3以透视的侧视图示出具有滚动体容纳部的按本发明涂覆过的支承面的、图1中的活塞。
在附图中,相同的组件普遍设有相同的附图标记。
附图标记列表:
1 径向活塞机
2 轴
4 转子
6 缸
8 缸的主孔
10 缸的导向孔
12 活塞单元
14 活塞
16 活塞的滚动体容纳部
18 滚动体
20 具有表面涂层的支承面
22 活塞的环绕的槽
24 活塞环
26 冲程环
28 冲程曲线。
具体实施方式
图1在垂直于按本发明的流体静力的径向活塞机1的旋转轴线的剖面中示出了该流体静力的径向活塞机1的一种实施例。在这种实施例中,所述流体静力的径向活塞机1是具有外部的活塞支撑结构的径向活塞式马达。这种流体静力的径向活塞机的原则上的功能例如在DE 40 37 455 C1中得到描述。
所述流体静力的径向活塞机1具有布置在中央的轴2,借助该轴能够驱动固定在其上的元件(这里未示出)。所述轴2由环绕的转子4来驱动,在所述转子中构造有多个缸6。在所述实施例中,所述流体静力的径向活塞机1具有恰好八个缸6,其中在图1中仅仅完整地示出了三个缸并且还分别示出了两个另外的缸的一半。所述缸6径向地或者说星形地围绕着所述轴2来布置。每个缸6此外各具有一个主孔8和一个沿径向阶梯回缩的导向孔10,在所述主孔和导向孔中相应地以能够运动的方式容纳着一个活塞单元12。
所述活塞单元12中的每个活塞单元都具有活塞14,该活塞在所示出的实施例中是阶梯活塞。在一个沿所述流体静力的径向活塞机1的径向方向处于外侧的端部上,每个活塞14都具有柱筒状的滚动体容纳部16,该滚动体容纳部在大于180度的角度的范围内延伸,并且构造为滚子的滚动体18以能够旋转的方式支承并且保持在所述滚动体容纳部中。相应的滚动体容纳部16为了直接支承相应的滚动体18而具有相应的支承面20,该支承面在该示图中仅为了图解目的而以相对较厚地构造的方式或者说较厚地涂覆的方式示出。因为原则上所述支承面20是相对较薄地被涂覆的表面,该表面不容易通过图示尤其按尺寸比例示出。所述滚动体容纳部16和所述支承面20通过切削的或者切屑的加工方法与所述活塞14一体地构造。此外,每个活塞14都具有环绕的槽22,在该槽中容纳有用作密封元件的活塞环24。
所述流体静力的径向活塞机1此外具有代表着壳体的一部分的、位置固定的冲程环26,该冲程环具有成型的曲线轨道(Kurvenbahn)28。所述曲线轨道围绕着所述转子4并且由此也围绕着所述缸6连同所述活塞单元12一起环绕地布置。这种布置方式允许:所述滚动体18支撑在所述冲程环26的曲线轨道28上并且在所述转子4进行旋转运动时在所述冲程环26上滚动。因此,所述活塞单元12在所述缸6内进行振荡运动。
图2和3分别以透视图示出了图1中的活塞14,下面借助于图2和3来对摩擦优化的支承面20进行描述。所述支承面20,如上面所描述的那样,在使用切削的或者切屑的加工方法的情况下与所述滚动体容纳部16一体地构造并且由此也与所述活塞14一体地构造。为了改进所述滚动体容纳部16的表面状态或者说与滚动体容纳部16一体地构造的支承面20的表面状态,在成形的方法过程之后通过拉削工具对其进行拉削。通过所述支承面20与滚动体容纳部16或者与活塞14的这种一体的结构,节省了传统中所使用的、作为布置在所述滚动体容纳部16与所述相应的滚动体18之间的中间构件的轴瓦。
为了降低所述有待容纳的滚动体18和所述支承面20之间的(边界)摩擦,所述支承面20具有表面涂层,该表面涂层在该实施例中由聚合化合物构成。在这里选择了基于聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的涂层。这种涂层在公司victrex®的商标名称VICOTE®下进行销售。这是一种基于VICTREX®PEEK聚合物的涂层产品,该涂层产品首先以分散的形式或者说作为分散体而存在并且本身在唯一的涂覆过程中被施加到所述滚动体容纳部16上。所述支承面20的表面涂层的层厚度在40到80μm之间、优选在50到75μm之间。所述支承面20连同所述表面涂层一直构造到所述滚动体容纳部16在图2或者3中处于上方的端部。也就是说,所述支承面20如此远地沿所述活塞14的轴向方向延伸,使得所述滚动体18也能够至少部分地沿所述活塞14的径向方向得到支承。
以所示出的实施例为出发点,能够在各个方面对按本发明的活塞单元12或者配备了该活塞单元的、流体静力的径向活塞机1进行改动。
例如所述支承面20不必强制地设有由聚合化合物构成的表面涂层。作为所述聚合化合物的替代方案,也能够考虑摩擦优化的陶瓷的表面涂层。除此以外,也能够在多个涂覆过程中逐渐地分两层或者更多个层来施加相应的表面涂层。也可能的是,所述表面涂层的精确的材料组分、尤其是所述聚合化合物的精确的材料组分发生变化。对于多层的表面涂层来说,也能够考虑各个层的不同的材料组分。
此外,所述活塞单元12不必强制地用在具有外部的活塞支撑结构的、流体静力的径向活塞机中,而是也能够有利地用在其他技术方面的应用情况中。尤其也能够设想用在具有其他结构形式的、流体静力的径向活塞机中,所述其他结构形式没有外部的活塞支撑结构。也能够设想用在不是径向活塞机的技术系统中。
公开了一种具有活塞的活塞单元以及一种设有至少一个这样的活塞单元的流体静力的径向活塞机,其中所述活塞具有用于以能够旋转的方式对滚动体进行支承的滚动体容纳部。按照本发明,所述滚动体容纳部具有支承面,该支承面则设有由聚合化合物构成的表面涂层或者设有陶瓷的表面涂层。

Claims (11)

1.流体静力的机器(1)的活塞单元(12),具有活塞(14),所述活塞(14)则具有用于以能够旋转的方式对滚动体(18)进行支承的滚动体容纳部(16),其特征在于,所述滚动体容纳部(16)具有支承面(20),所述支承面则具有由聚合化合物构成的表面涂层或者具有陶瓷的表面涂层。
2.按权利要求1所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,所述聚合化合物具有大约40到80μm的层厚度。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,所述聚合化合物在施加之前以分散的形式存在。
4.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,所述聚合化合物至少分两层来施加。
5.按权利要求4所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,第一层的聚合化合物不同于第二层的聚合化合物。
6.按权利要求1所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,所述陶瓷的表面涂层具有大约25到35μm的层厚度。
7.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,所述表面涂层以气溶胶的形式被施加到所述支承面上。
8.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,所述支承面(20)与所述活塞(14)一体地构造。
9.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,所述滚动体(18)被直接支承在所述支承面(20)上。
10.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的活塞单元,其特征在于,所述支承面(20)的表面涂层沿所述活塞(14)的纵向方向如此远地延伸,使得所述滚动体(18)沿所述活塞(14)的径向方向能够至少部分地得到支承。
11.具有至少一个按前述权利要求中任一项所述的活塞单元(14)的、流体静力的径向活塞机(1),所述活塞单元(14)在缸体的缸孔(8)中得到导引。
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