CN105779512B - 一种木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法 - Google Patents
一种木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法,将木质纤维废弃物按照植物科属类别不同进行不同比例混合,并进行一步或分步水热预处理,实现混合原料半纤维素“一锅法”共水解,有利于后续纤维素的共酶解。多原料混合利于燃料乙醇产业可持续发展,并可实现城镇绿化垃圾和工农业木质纤维废弃物的高值化利用。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及生物质转化技术领域,具体涉及一种木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法。
背景技术:
木质纤维废弃物主要包括园林绿化垃圾(如树枝树叶、草屑等)、工业木质纤维废料(如中药渣、蔗渣、甜高粱渣、木材加工底料等)、农业废弃物(如秸秆、谷壳等)。其中全国中药渣年排放量达3000万吨,而随着城市绿化力度的加大,以广州市白云区为例,每年绿化养护产生的绿化垃圾就达7960吨。传统的垃圾填埋、焚烧等处理方式无法满足“减量化、资源化、无害化”的城镇垃圾处理要求。目前已有生物堆肥、机制木炭、生物能源炼制等资源化利用路线。
燃料乙醇是生物能源的主要方向之一,美国大力鼓励纤维素乙醇研发、中试、示范和商业化项目建设,在“2022年1.1亿吨化石燃料替代”目标中,纤维素乙醇占4800万吨。纤维素乙醇生产主要包括预处理、酶水解和微生物发酵等步骤,目前主要存在两大瓶颈问题:(1)材料成本高:不断走高的秸秆原料价格、居高不下的纤维素酶价格、木糖转化为乙醇的得率低等;(2)能耗高:高强度预处理过程的能耗、低浓度乙醇发酵液的精馏能耗、固体秸秆体系的输送和搅拌电耗等。
与传统单一原料燃料乙醇相比,木质纤维混合原料供应更稳定、且储量大、易于收集,有利于燃料乙醇产业可持续发展。但如何实现混合原料共水解制取乙醇未见相关报道,各原料化学组分的差异性使得混合原料中多糖水解表现出不均一性,物料混合和预处理过程均不能简单复制单一原料制乙醇的方法。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法,将木质纤维废弃物按照植物科属类别不同进行不同比例混合,并进行一步或分步水热预处理,实现混合原料半纤维素“一锅法”共水解,有利于后续纤维素的共酶解。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
一种木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)原料混合:将不同种类木质纤维废弃物粉碎至粒度为0.1-1cm,并按照植物科属类别进行分类混合得到混合后的原料;属于相同科属类别的植物,化学组分相近,以任意比例混合;非属于相同科属类别的植物,等质量比例混合;
2)水热预处理:将步骤1)得到的混合后的原料加入水解反应器中进行一步或分步水热预处理,反应温度为150-200℃,水饱和蒸汽压,反应时间为10-60min,物料(即混合后的原料)质量浓度为5-20%;步骤1)得到的混合后的原料属于相同科属则进行一步水解,非属于相同科属进行分步升温水解;
3)固液分离:将步骤2)所得的产物进行固液分离,液相主要成分为半纤维素水解糖,固相主要成分为纤维素和木质素;
4)酶解发酵:将步骤3)所得固相残渣50℃pH4.8预酶解24-72h,纤维素水解酶添加量为每克底物10-40FPU,底物质量浓度为5%-20%,之后冷却到30℃,添加酵母菌发酵培养基并接入酿酒酵母进行同步糖化发酵72h得到乙醇。
所述木质纤维废弃物主要包括园林绿化垃圾(如树枝树叶、草屑等)、工业木质纤维废料(如中药渣、蔗渣、甜高粱渣、木材加工底料等)、农业废弃物(如秸秆、谷壳等)。
具体地,蔗渣、稻杆、甜高粱渣等均属于禾本科植物,化学组分相近,可以任意比例混合;同理,木材加工底料、树枝树叶属于木本植物,化学组分相近,可以任意比例混合;非属于相同科属类别的植物以1:1混合,如甜高粱渣与木屑以1:1混合,草屑、树枝、甘蔗渣以1:1:1混合。
所述步骤2)中水热预处理,步骤1)得到的混合后的原料属于相同科属则直接进行一步水解,非属于相同科属进行分步升温水解,一般而言,先在低温例如155~175℃下水解易分解的半纤维素,后进一步升高温度至185~195℃水解难分解的半纤维素,以实现所有半纤维素共水解。
所述步骤4)中酶解发酵,先对固相残渣进行预酶解,后进行同步糖化发酵,利于实现混合物料中纤维素的共水解。
本发明的特点和技术优势在于:
(1)将木质纤维废弃物按照植物科属类别不同进行不同比例混合,并进行一步或分步水热预处理,实现混合原料半纤维素“一锅法”共水解,有利于后续纤维素的共酶解。
(2)水热法预处理耦合纤维素酶水解,可联产高附加值低聚木糖和燃料乙醇,大大拉低燃料乙醇生产成本;
(3)多原料混合利于燃料乙醇产业可持续发展,并可实现城镇绿化垃圾和工农业木质纤维废弃物的高值化利用;
(4)对预处理残渣进行预酶解之后再同步糖化发酵,可实现混合物料纤维素高效共水解。
具体实施方式:
以下是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:属于相同科属类别
将甘蔗渣、稻杆、甜高粱渣分别粉碎至粒度为0.5-1cm,按照任意比(例如1:1:1)混合后投放到高压反应缶中,加入水使混合后的原料质量浓度为10%,密闭反应系统,加热至155~175℃,维持水饱和蒸汽压,搅拌转速为500rpm,水解50min,反应结束后,收集反应物进行离心固液分离,液相经高效液相色谱分析可知,总木糖(包括木糖和低聚木糖)回收率为85%(占未水解原料中总木糖的质量含量),与单一甘蔗渣总木糖收率相当(水热预处理条件相同),其中低聚木糖质量占收到总木糖的89%。固相体残渣加入纤维素水解酶pH4.8,50℃,150rpm进行水解,底物质量浓度5%,加酶量20FPU/g,水解24h后,冷却系统到30℃,添加本领域技术人员熟知的酵母菌发酵培养基并接入酿酒酵母进行同步糖化发酵72h,乙醇得率为88.3%。
实施例2:非属于相同科属
将台湾草、紫荆花树枝两种绿化废弃物分别粉碎至粒度为0.1-0.5cm,按照质量比1:1混合后投放到高压反应缶中,加入水使混合后的原料质量浓度为5%,密闭反应系统,加热至155~175℃,维持水饱和蒸汽压,搅拌转速为500rpm,水解20min后收取液体产物,之后加入相应水使底物浓度维持在5%,并继续升温到185~195℃,水解30min,反应结束后,收集反应物进行离心固液分离,液相经高效液相色谱分析可知,两次收集的液相中总木糖(包括木糖和低聚木糖)回收率为95%(占未水解原料中总木糖的质量含量),略高于各自单一原料总木糖收率,其中低聚木糖质量占收到总木糖质量的83%。固相残渣加入纤维素水解酶pH4.8,50℃,150rpm进行水解,底物质量浓度10%,加酶量15FPU/g,水解48h后,冷却系统到30℃,添加本领域技术人员熟知的酵母菌发酵培养基并接入酿酒酵母,进行同步糖化发酵72h,乙醇得率为90%。
以上实施例证明,利用以上所述水热预处理及纤维素酶解发酵方法,可以实现城镇木质纤维废弃物混合水解联产高附加值低聚木糖和乙醇,与单一原料相比,不仅不会降低糖收率和乙醇得率,而且混合原料供应更稳定、收储运成本更低,有利于燃料乙醇产业可持续发展。
Claims (3)
1.一种木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)将不同种类木质纤维废弃物粉碎至粒度为0.1-1cm,并按照植物科别进行分类混合得到混合后的原料;属于相同科别的植物,化学组分相近,以任意比混合;非属于相同科别的植物,等质量比混合;
2)将步骤1)得到的混合后的原料加入水解反应器中进行一步或分步水热预处理,反应温度为150-200℃,水饱和蒸汽压,反应时间为10-60min,混合后的原料质量浓度为5-20%;步骤1)得到的混合后的原料属于相同科别则进行一步水解,非属于相同科别进行分步升温水解;所述非属于相同科别进行分步升温水解,先在低温155~175℃下水解易分解的半纤维素,后进一步升高温度至185~195℃水解难分解的半纤维素,以实现所有半纤维素共水解;
3)将步骤2)所得的产物进行固液分离,液相为半纤维素水解糖,固相为纤维素和木质素;
4)将步骤3)所得固相残渣50℃、pH4.8预酶解24-72h,纤维素水解酶添加量为每克底物10-40FPU,底物质量浓度为5%-20%;之后冷却到30℃,添加酵母菌发酵培养基并接入酿酒酵母进行同步糖化发酵72h得到乙醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法,其特征在于,木质纤维废弃物包括园林绿化垃圾、工业木质纤维废料和农业废弃物。
3.根据权利要求2所述木质纤维废弃物混合水解制取燃料乙醇的方法,其特征在于,园林绿化垃圾选自树枝树叶、草屑,工业木质纤维废料选自中药渣、蔗渣、甜高粱渣、木材加工底料,农业废弃物选自秸秆、谷壳。
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